scholarly journals Spatio-temporal in vivo recording of dCREB2 dynamics in Drosophila long-term memory processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabin Zhang ◽  
Anne K. Tanenhaus ◽  
John C. Davis ◽  
Bret M. Hanlon ◽  
Jerry C.P. Yin
2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Nguyen ◽  
J. A. Starzyk ◽  
Wooi-Boon Goh ◽  
D. Jachyra

Author(s):  
О.А. Соловьева ◽  
М.А. Грудень ◽  
И.А. Калинин ◽  
А.М. Ратмиров ◽  
В.В. Шерстнев

Одним из важнейших патогенетических звеньев развития синуклеинопатий - группы хронических нейродегенеративных заболеваний, таких как болезнь Паркинсона, деменции с тельцами Леви и других является гиперпродукция белка α-синуклеина с последующей его агрегацией и образованием различающихся по размеру и структуре амилоидогенных форм белка, которые инициируют гибель нервных или глиальных клеток. В настоящее время для более полного понимания происходящих in vivo патологических процессов актуально изучение на моделях животных поведенческих эффектов как нативного белка α-синуклеина, так и его отдельных амилоидогенных структур (олигомеров и фибрилл), полученных и охарактеризованных in vitro, а также композиционных смесей данных белковых конформаций. Целью данной работы явилось изучение влияния композиционной смеси нативного белка α-синуклеина и олигомеров α-синуклеина при хроническом интраназальном введении на двигательную активность, кратковременную и долговременную память, а также тревожность стареющих мышей. Методы. Опыты проводили на 12- месячных самцах мышей C57Bl/6, которым на протяжении 14 дней один раз в сутки вводили отдельно в каждую ноздрю раствор α-синуклеина и его олигомеров, либо физиологический раствор. В тестах «Открытое поле», «Распознавание нового объекта», «Условная реакция пассивного избегания» и «Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» оценивали двигательную активность, кратко- и долговременную память, и тревожность животных. Результаты. Показано, что исследованная композиционная смесь конформаций α-синуклеина не вызывает статистически значимых изменений регистрируемых поведенческих показателей у стареющих мышей. Вместе с тем, ранее нами было документировано, что в условиях аналогичного экспериментального протокола нативный α-синуклеин инициирует снижение двигательной активности, а олигомеры α-синуклеина - угнетение двигательной активности, нарушение долговременной памяти и тревожности животных. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о менее выраженных поведенческих эффектах композиционной смеси нативной и олигомерной форм α-синуклеина, по сравнению с отдельными ее компонентами. Рассматриваются возможные механизмы выявленных особенностей влияния исследованной композиционной смеси конформаций α-синуклеина на поведенческом уровне. One of the most important steps in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, a group of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and others, is overproduction of α-synuclein protein, followed by its aggregation and formation of amyloidogenic protein species, which differ in their size and structure and initiate death of nerve or glial cells. At present, better understanding of in vivo pathological processes requires studying behavioral effects of both the native α-synuclein protein and its individual amyloidogenic structures (oligomers and fibrils) obtained and characterized in vitro on animal models, as well as composite mixtures of these protein conformations. The aim of this work was to study effects of chronic nasal application of a composite mixture of native α-synuclein protein and α-synuclein oligomers on motor activity, short-term and long-term memory, and anxiety of aging mice. Methods. Experiments were carried out on 12-month old male C57Bl/6 mice, which received a solution of α-synuclein and its oligomers or a saline solution separately into each nostril for 14 days daily. Motor activity, short- and long-term memory and anxiety of animals were evaluated in Open Field, Novel Object Recognition, Conditioned Passive Avoidance, and Elevated Plus Maze tests. Results. The studied composite mixture of α-synuclein conformations did not induce statistically significant changes in behavioral indices of aging mice. At the same time, we have previously documented that in a similar experimental protocol, native α-synuclein initiates a decrease in motor activity, and α-synuclein oligomers - inhibition of motor activity and disorders of long-term memory and anxiety. Conclusion. The results indicated less pronounced behavioral effects of the composite mixture of native and oligomeric forms of α-synuclein compared with its individual components. The authors discussed possible mechanisms of the behavioral effects of the studied composite mixture of α-synuclein confirmations.


Author(s):  
James S.H. Wong ◽  
Catharine H. Rankin

The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), is an organism useful for the study of learning and memory at the molecular, cellular, neural circuitry, and behavioral levels. Its genetic tractability, transparency, connectome, and accessibility for in vivo cellular and molecular analyses are a few of the characteristics that make the organism such a powerful system for investigating mechanisms of learning and memory. It is able to learn and remember across many sensory modalities, including mechanosensation, chemosensation, thermosensation, oxygen sensing, and carbon dioxide sensing. C. elegans habituates to mechanosensory stimuli, and shows short-, intermediate-, and long-term memory, and context conditioning for mechanosensory habituation. The organism also displays chemotaxis to various chemicals, such as diacetyl and sodium chloride. This behavior is associated with several forms of learning, including state-dependent learning, classical conditioning, and aversive learning. C. elegans also shows thermotactic learning in which it learns to associate a particular temperature with the presence or absence of food. In addition, both oxygen preference and carbon dioxide avoidance in C. elegans can be altered by experience, indicating that they have memory for the oxygen or carbon dioxide environment they were reared in. Many of the genes found to underlie learning and memory in C. elegans are homologous to genes involved in learning and memory in mammals; two examples are crh-1, which is the C. elegans homolog of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and glr-1, which encodes an AMPA glutamate receptor subunit. Both of these genes are involved in long-term memory for tap habituation, context conditioning in tap habituation, and chemosensory classical conditioning. C. elegans offers the advantage of having a very small nervous system (302 neurons), thus it is possible to understand what these conserved genes are doing at the level of single identified neurons. As many mechanisms of learning and memory in C. elegans appear to be similar in more complex organisms including humans, research with C. elegans aids our ever-growing understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of learning and memory across the animal kingdom.


2019 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Larssen ◽  
Rosanne E. Veerman ◽  
Gözde Güçlüler Akpinar ◽  
Stefanie Hiltbrunner ◽  
Mikael C. I. Karlsson ◽  
...  

1981 ◽  
Vol 215 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Flood ◽  
Dennis W. Landry ◽  
Murray E. Jarvik

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (51) ◽  
pp. e2109339118
Author(s):  
Pin-Chun Chen ◽  
Hamid Niknazar ◽  
William A. Alaynick ◽  
Lauren N. Whitehurst ◽  
Sara C. Mednick

We provide evidence that human sleep is a competitive arena in which cognitive domains vie for limited resources. Using pharmacology and effective connectivity analysis, we demonstrate that long-term memory and working memory are served by distinct offline neural mechanisms that are mutually antagonistic. Specifically, we administered zolpidem to increase central sigma activity and demonstrated targeted suppression of autonomic vagal activity. With effective connectivity, we determined the central activity has greater causal influence over autonomic activity, and the magnitude of this influence during sleep produced a behavioral trade-off between offline long-term and working memory processing. These findings suggest a sleep switch mechanism that toggles between central sigma-dependent long-term memory and autonomic vagal-dependent working memory processing.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
B.A. Reikhardt ◽  
P.D. Shabanov

Protein kinase CK2 is an important enzyme in the nervous system. The nuclear forms of CK2 regulate chromatin structure and gene expression, the key processes for long-term memory formation. Memory modulators, the Structural Analogues of Etimizole (SAE), were able to increase or decrease the activity of chromatin-associated CK in the cortex and hippocampus of rat brain in vitro. In vivo memory enhancers from SAE-group (3 mg/kg) stimulated CK2 activity and the transcriptional ability of chromatin in the cortex and hippocampus, starting from 30 min with a peak for 60 min and a duration up to 180 min. At these periods the memory inhibitor from the SAE-group reduced CK2 activity and chromatin transcription. It is assumed that the modulating effect of SAE on CK2 activity and transcription underlies the effects of these compounds on long-term memory.


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