Psychological Assumptions Underlying Credibility Assessments in Finnish Asylum Determinations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Skrifvars ◽  
Veronica Sui ◽  
Jan Antfolk ◽  
Tanja van Veldhuizen ◽  
Julia Korkman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Immigration Service

Current best-practice guidelines for credibility assessments in asylum procedures have been criticized for their susceptibility to subjectivity and bias. The current study investigated assumptions underlying credibility assessments in Finnish first-instance asylum procedures and how these assumptions fit with widely accepted psychological science. Following previous research, we categorized assumptions in 56 real-life asylum cases from the Finnish Immigration Service. We found that asylum officials held assumptions about how truthful applicants present their claims, the plausibility of individuals’ behavior in their home countries, and applicants’ knowledge about asylum procedures. The assumptions were only partially in line with psychological science on memory, trauma, intercultural communication, and decision-making. To improve decision-making, training programs for asylum officials should include relevant findings from psychological science. To increase the transparency and combat bias, the written determination letters should also include explicit information about the decision-makers reasoning processes.

scholarly journals Best practice guidelines for management of spinal disorders in skeletal dysplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klane White ◽  
Michael B Bober ◽  
Tae-Joon Cho ◽  
Michael J Goldberg ◽  
Julie Hoover-Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasia ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Spinal Disorders ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Group A

Abstract Background: Disorders of the spine present a common and difficult management concern in patients with skeletal dysplasia. Due to the rarity of these conditions however, the literature, largely consisting of small, single institution case series, is sparse in regard to well-designed studies to support clinical decision making in these situations. Methods: Using the Delphi method, an international, multi-disciplinary group of individuals, with significant experience in the care of patients with skeletal dysplasia, convened to develop multi-disciplinary, “best practice” guidelines in the care of spinal disorders in patients with skeletal dysplasia. Results: Starting with 33 statements, the group a developed a list of 31 “best practice” guidelines. Conclusions: The guidelines are presented and discussed to provide context for clinicians in their decision making in this often-challenging realm of care.

Promoting mental health minimising mental illness and integrating through education (PROMISE)

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 533-533
Author(s):  
P. Flores ◽  
R. Izquierdo ◽  
E. Leahy ◽  
C. Masferrer ◽  
P. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Mental Health Promotion ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines

With the implementation of the European Green Paper on Mental Health, and the development of the Mental Health Pact, the strategic importance of Mental Health promotion and illness reduction as keystones of a European mental health policy and practice has never been greater.The PROMISE project is a EU project and is financed by the European Commission, Directorate General for Health and Consumers, DG Sanco. It aims to develop and disseminate guidelines for generic training and education with respect to Mental Health Promotion and Illness Reduction. The best practice guidelines will specifically focus on the prevention of suicide, depression, and alcohol and drug abuse, and the promotion of healthy living.A specific innovation is the involvement of mental health service users as non-traditional actors by developing multi-disciplinary training guidelines and training programs with a special emphasis on positive mental health, healthy living, diet and exercise project.Project partners are all ‘multiplier’ organizations from 8 different European countries and have extensive previous expertise in their designated roles.The role of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona PROMISE is: Identify best practice media guidelines for engaging press and media with the mental health promotion agenda through the use of positive role models. Monitor the implementation of the best practice guidelines through the design and development of local case studies in 7 sites across Europe.Outcomes are an integrated and comprehensive set of training guidelines and model training programs accessed through an interactive website, endorsed by European level professional body and university networks.

scholarly journals Best Practice Guidelines in Managing the Craniofacial Aspects of Skeletal Dysplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Savarirayan ◽  
David E. Tunkel ◽  
Laura M. Sterni ◽  
Michael B. Bober ◽  
Tae-Joon Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasia ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Disciplinary Group

Abstract Background Recognition and appropriate management of the craniofacial manifestations of patients with skeletal dysplasia are challenging, due to the rarity of these conditions, and dearth of literature to support evidence-based clinical decision making. Methods Using the Delphi method, an international, multi-disciplinary group of individuals, with significant experience in the care of patients with skeletal dysplasia, convened to develop multi-disciplinary, best practice guidelines in the management of craniofacial aspects of these patients. Results After a comprehensive literature review, 23 initial statements were generated and critically discussed, with subsequent development of a list of 22 best practice guidelines after a second round voting. Conclusions The guidelines are presented and discussed to provide context and assistance for clinicians in their decision making in this important and challenging component of care for patients with skeletal dysplasia, in order standardize care and improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Best practice guidelines in managing the craniofacial aspects of skeletal dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Savarirayan ◽  
◽  
David E. Tunkel ◽  
Laura M. Sterni ◽  
Michael B. Bober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasia ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Disciplinary Group

Abstract Background Recognition and appropriate management of the craniofacial manifestations of patients with skeletal dysplasia are challenging, due to the rarity of these conditions, and dearth of literature to support evidence-based clinical decision making. Methods Using the Delphi method, an international, multi-disciplinary group of individuals, with significant experience in the care of patients with skeletal dysplasia, convened to develop multi-disciplinary, best practice guidelines in the management of craniofacial aspects of these patients. Results After a comprehensive literature review, 23 initial statements were generated and critically discussed, with subsequent development of a list of 22 best practice guidelines after a second round voting. Conclusions The guidelines are presented and discussed to provide context and assistance for clinicians in their decision making in this important and challenging component of care for patients with skeletal dysplasia, in order standardize care and improve outcomes.

Crisis management and human factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Simon Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
National Quality

This first chapter explains how human factors affect the management of crises. The roles human factors play in the management of emergencies and crisis situations are becoming increasingly recognized in healthcare, having gained political momentum following a concordat from the National Quality Board in 2013. A framework is presented for emergency preparation, including standard operating procedures, checklists, allocation of roles, preparing equipment and drugs, sharing mental models, and communicating with support specialists. During the incident the focus is on situational awareness, leadership and teamwork, communication, and decision-making. Post-event debriefing is discussed with the joint goals of addressing psychological stress and learning for the future. Also provided are links to available up-to-date best-practice guidelines and useful resources for further reading.

scholarly journals Implementation of the best practice guidelines on geriatric trauma care: a Canadian perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Melanie Bérubé ◽  
Theresa Pasquotti ◽  
Barbara Klassen ◽  
Angie Brisson ◽  
Nancy Tze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Geriatric Trauma ◽  
Trauma Management ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Trauma Centres ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Level I

Abstract Background traumatic injuries are increasingly affecting older patients who are prone to more complications and poorer recovery compared to younger patients. Practices of trauma health care providers therefore need to be adapted to meet the needs of geriatric trauma patients. Objective to assess the implementation of the American College of Surgeons best practice guidelines on geriatric trauma management across level I to III Canadian trauma centres. Methods 69 decision-makers working in Canadian trauma centres were approached to complete a web-based practice survey. Percentages and means were calculated to describe the level of best practice guideline implementation. Results 50 decision-makers completed the survey for a response rate of 72%. Specialised geriatric trauma resources were utilised in 37% of centres. Implementation of mechanisms to evaluate common geriatric issues (e.g. frailty, malnutrition and delirium) varied from 28 to 78% and protocols for the optimisation of geriatric care (e.g. Beers criteria to adjust medication, anticoagulant reversal and early mobilisation) from 8 to 56%. Guideline recommendations were more often implemented in level I and level II trauma centres. The adjustment of trauma team activation criteria to the geriatric population and transition of care protocols were more frequently used by level III centres. Conclusion despite the growing number of older patients admitted in Canadian trauma centres annually, the implementation of best practice guidelines on geriatric trauma management is still limited. Prospective multicentre studies are required to develop and evaluate interdisciplinary knowledge translation initiatives that will promote the uptake of guidelines by trauma centres.

scholarly journals Best practice guidelines for management of spinal disorders in skeletal dysplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klane White ◽  
Michael B Bober ◽  
Tae-Joon Cho ◽  
Michael J Goldberg ◽  
Julie Hoover-Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasia ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Spinal Disorders ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Group A

Abstract Background: Disorders of the spine present a common and difficult management concern in patients with skeletal dysplasia. Due to the rarity of these conditions however, the literature, largely consisting of small, single institution case series, is sparse in regard to well-designed studies to support clinical decision making in these situations. Methods: Using the Delphi method, an international, multi-disciplinary group of individuals, with significant experience in the care of patients with skeletal dysplasia, convened to develop multi-disciplinary, “best practice” guidelines in the care of spinal disorders in patients with skeletal dysplasia. Results: Starting with 33 statements, the group a developed a list of 31 “best practice” guidelines. Conclusions: The guidelines are presented and discussed to provide context for clinicians in their decision making in this often-challenging realm of care.

scholarly journals Best practice guidelines in managing the craniofacial aspects of skeletal dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Savarirayan ◽  
David E. Tunkel ◽  
Laura M. Sterni ◽  
Michael B. Bober ◽  
Tae-Joon Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasia ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Disciplinary Group

Abstract Background: Recognition and appropriate management of the craniofacial manifestations of patients with skeletal dysplasia are challenging, due to the rarity of these conditions, and dearth of literature to support evidence-based clinical decision making.Methods: Using the Delphi method, an international, multi-disciplinary group of individuals, with significant experience in the care of patients with skeletal dysplasia, convened to develop multi-disciplinary, best practice guidelines in the management of craniofacial aspects of these patients.Results: After a comprehensive literature review, 23 initial statements were generated and critically discussed, with subsequent development of a list of 22 best practice guidelines after a second round voting.Conclusions: The guidelines are presented and discussed to provide context and assistance for clinicians in their decision making in this important and challenging component of care for patients with skeletal dysplasia, in order standardize care and improve outcomes.

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