Aikuisten turvapaikanhakija- ja pakolaisasiakkaiden terapeuttisissa keskusteluissa tekemät ongelmanmäärittelyt

Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin sitä, kuinka kuusi aikuista turvapaikanhakija- ja pakolaisasiakasta kuvasivat ongelmiaan terapeuttisissa keskusteluissa. Tutkimuksen kohteena ja tiedon lähteenä olivat asiakkaiden tekemät ja tulkkien suomeksi välittämät ongelmia kuvaavat ilmaukset. Terapeuttisia keskusteluita analysoimalla pyrittiin tavoittamaan ensisijaisesti se, mitä ongelmia asiakkailla on ja lisäksi se, miten nämä ongelmat heihin vaikuttavat ja mikä ongelmat aiheuttaa. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin aineistolähtöistä laadullista sisällönanalyysia. Ongelmat koskivat kotimaassa koettua epäoikeudenmukaisuutta ja kotimaassa koettujen traumaattisen kokemusten aiheuttamaa ahdistusta, tulevaisuuteen liittyviä huolia ja pelkoja, huolta läheisten tilanteesta ja siihen liittyvää syyllisyyttä sekä toimijuutta, pystyvyyttä ja elämänhallintaa. Ongelmat aiheutuivat niin kotimaassa koetusta kuin maahantulon jälkeisistä asioista. Ongelma oli yleensä monen tekijän summa. Tämän tutkimuksen löydökset eivät puolla terapeuttiseen keskusteluun mallia, jossa keskityttäisiin kategorisesti vain joko aiemmin kotimaassa tai maahantulon jälkeen koettuihin asioihin. Ongelmien koostumus vaihteli eri asiakkailla. Huoli kotimaahan palautetuksi joutumisesta tuotti yleisesti pelkoa. Kotimaassa koettu epäoikeudenmukaisuus ja petetyksi tuleminen oli kaikille asiakkaille erityisen raskas asia. Sitä oli vaikeaa tai mahdotonta unohtaa ja antaa anteeksi. AbstractAdult asylum seeker and refugee clients’ problem definitions in therapeutic conversations This study examined how six adult asylum seeker and refugee clients express their problems in therapeutic conversations. This study aimed to find out primarily what kind of problems the clients present, and also how these problems affect them and what caused the problems. The research method was inductive qualitative content analysis. Therapeutic sessions of the six clients were videotaped and the problem formulations given by the clients and as expressed by an interpreter were extracted as units of analysis. Five problem categories emerged from the analysis: experiences of injustice in home country; anxious ideations originating from past traumatic experiences; fear for the future; worries and feelings of guilt concerning relatives; and problems of self-agency, self-efficacy and life management. Both pre-migration and post-migration factors caused problems. Most often problems were caused by several interacting factors. This study do not support therapeutic conversation formats that focus solely to the issues either related to pre-migration or to post-migration stage. Different clients had different sets and compositions of problems. Fear of deportation was a common cause for fear to clients. Experiences of injustice and betrayal in the home country caused extreme distress to all clients. Such experiences were hard to forget and hard to forgive. Key words: asylum seeker, refugee, therapeutic conversation, problems, explanatory models Authors:Olli Snellman, MA, Psychotherapist, Head of Section, Finnish Immigration Service,Reception UnitJaakko Seikkula, PhD, Professor, University of Jyväskylä, Department of Psychology, Psychotherapy Training and Research CentreJarl Wahlström, PhD, Professor, emeritus, University of Jyväskylä, Department of Psychology, Psychotherapy Training and Research CentreKatja Kurri, PhD, Researcher, Psychotherapist, University of Jyväskylä, Department of Psychology, Psychotherapy Training and Research Centre

Spatial shifts in migration governance: Public-private alliances in Swedish immigration administration

Non-state actors are increasingly involved in enforcing immigration policies. Of late, there has been growing recognition that greater involvement of non-state actors has contributed to reconfiguring migration governance in a spatial sense. Scalar literature conceptualises the involvement of non-state actors as a move by immigration authorities to use actors beyond the state to enforce immigration policies. Network-inspired analysis, on the other hand, draws attention to attempts by non-state actors to form alliances in order to influence immigration policy. In this paper, we set out to show that other spatial shifts are at play in contemporary migration governance. In order to make sense of these spatial shifts, we advance a reading of migration governance which aims to show how efforts to manage migration are the result of, and result in, strategic attempts by state and non-state actors to enrol others, establish a sense of presence and build relationships of proximity and reach. We provide one example of this, involving an administrative alliance between a Swedish government agency and two intermediary actors in labour migration: employers in the information-technology industry and immigration service providers. By drawing attention to spatial shifts in migration governance such as this, new light can be shed on the ways in which the governance of migration recasts relationships between state and non-state actors.

Technology and Immigration System: A New Paradigm for Improving Government Service Delivery in Tanzania

This paper explores how digital transformation has improved the delivery of immigration services. In contrast, this refers to the fact that, despite the existence of e-immigration services, there has been inadequate research to examine the e-immigration system in Tanzania. This paper explores the e-immigration portal, its advantages, and its challenges. Using a mixed-method, data were collected from secondary and primary sources through document review, portal analysis, interviews, and questionnaires. Primary and secondary data show that e-immigration portals can be accessed using personal computers, smartphones, and internet cafes. Also, the time for applicants to receive passports and travel documents has decreased from more than seven days in the old manual system to three days on average in the new e–immigration system. Following the transforming government process, immigration service delivery has been improved by implementing the e–immigration system. Thee–immigration services offer advantages to users like online application, online payment, time-saving, and costs, but challenges like digital literacy, inaccuracy of information, feedback, and network problems impact the system's smooth operation. Here digital literacy campaign, feedback mechanism, applicant support desk, and digital service desk are recommended.

CONCERNS FOR PEOPLE THROUGH THE SOCIAL SERVICE PROGRAM IN THE HOLY MONTH OF RAMADHAN BY CADETS OF THE IMMIGRATION POLYTECHNIC OF SURABAYA AND SIDOARJO AREA

Immigration as the spearhead of state sovereignty has an official bond school, namely the Immigration Polytechnic as a place for forging future immigration cadres. Immigration cadets as future generations of immigration leaders are expected not only to have good technical immigration skills but also to have a heart to serve the community. Seeing this, the Immigration cadets for the Surabaya and Sidoarjo regions took the initiative to be able to contribute to social service activities which were held on May 13, 2021 at the Darul Ulum Hikmah Orphanage located in the governorate of Surabaya. It is hoped that this can be continued so that the role of immigration is not only felt in the immigration service but in the social field of immigration standing with the community.

EAZY PASSPORT SOCIALIZATION, IMMIGRATION SERVICE INNOVATION, AND IMMIGRATION POLYTECHNIC BOARDING SCHOOL IMPLEMENTED BY IMMIGRATION OFFICE CLASS II BORDER CONTROL PEMATANG SIANTAR

At the time of the implementation of LATJAPURA conducted by the Immigration Polytechnic cadets throughout Indonesia, it became commonplace for every cadet to participate in the implementation of socialization activities held at the immigration office where the cadets actively participated in LATJAPURA. The implementation of this LATJAPURA activity provides an opportunity for the Immigration Polytechnic Cadets to perform community service as a tangible form of contributing to the Indonesian people. One form of community service carried out by the Immigration Polytechnic Taruna in the city of Pematang Siantar is the socialization of Eazy Passport. The purpose of this socialization is to introduce the latest services of the Immigration Office Class II TPI Pematang Siantar in the form of Eazy passports and service innovations to provide convenience to applicants for immigration services. In addition, this activity is also to introduce the Immigration Polytechnic service bond school to the public to increase the existence of the Immigration Polytechnic in Pematang Siantar City.

Policing, Profits, and the Rise of Immigration Detention in New York's “Chinese Jails”

“Policing, Profits, and the Rise of Immigration Detention in New York's ‘Chinese Jails’” explains how Chinese exclusion law created a “detention economy” in upstate New York. From 1900–1909, Northern New York jails held thousands of Chinese migrants who had been apprehended by immigration authorities crossing the U.S.-Canada border, and had filed habeas corpus claims in district courts. While scholarship on Chinese Exclusion has addressed the legal battles around due process, it has overlooked the detention infrastructure that these claims produced. Because the federal immigration service had no detention facilities in the region, they “boarded out” Chinese detainees at local jails, paying counties a nightly rate for each migrant held. These contracts transformed Chinese migrants into a commodity for rural communities looking to secure federal cash, with four Northern New York counties constructing separate “Chinese Jails” in order to increase the number of Chinese migrants they could incarcerate. This article challenges the scholarship that has presented immigration detention as a Cold War era development, instead showing how communities profited off jailing migrants at the turn of the century. Through the case of U.S. v. Sing Tuck, I argue that immigration officials eventually turned to the courts to streamline deportations and reduce their need for jail space.

Psychological Assumptions Underlying Credibility Assessments in Finnish Asylum Determinations

Current best-practice guidelines for credibility assessments in asylum procedures have been criticized for their susceptibility to subjectivity and bias. The current study investigated assumptions underlying credibility assessments in Finnish first-instance asylum procedures and how these assumptions fit with widely accepted psychological science. Following previous research, we categorized assumptions in 56 real-life asylum cases from the Finnish Immigration Service. We found that asylum officials held assumptions about how truthful applicants present their claims, the plausibility of individuals’ behavior in their home countries, and applicants’ knowledge about asylum procedures. The assumptions were only partially in line with psychological science on memory, trauma, intercultural communication, and decision-making. To improve decision-making, training programs for asylum officials should include relevant findings from psychological science. To increase the transparency and combat bias, the written determination letters should also include explicit information about the decision-makers reasoning processes.

CONCRETIZE THE HANDLING AND PROTECTION OF REFUGEES ACROSS NATIONAL BORDERS IN INDONESIA

This paper was written to find out the state of application of international legal instruments regarding refugee cases in a cross-brick country and to find out why there was a flow of refugees across Indonesian borders. By conducting studies in several libraries so that a written paper is created which has several important points, namely first, the State of Indonesia as a developing country does not have to justify the contents of the 1951 convention and the 1967 Protocol, because the Indonesian state has practiced the contents of the international agreements that have been mentioned. And refugees will continue to enter and make Indonesia a transit point to occupy destination countries that have been targeted by refugees. Second, cooperation between the Indonesian government and international institutions such as IOM and UNHCR is believed to be able to solve the problem of refugees which continues to be present in the territory of the State of Indonesia even though in practice it is often problematic in the realm of immigration because there is no governing law in Indonesia or the Indonesian authorities that determine it. Refugee status for those who enter Indonesian territory without holding official letters or documents related to entry into Indonesian territory. Therefore, the Immigration Service classifies them as legal immigrants if they are part of the refugees and cooperate with UNHCR, which is an international institution as a follow-up to determine the status of immigrants.

Linguistic, psychological and epistemic vulnerability in asylum procedures: An interdisciplinary approach

This article analyzes three video-recorded asylum interviews, their written records and the corresponding decisions by the Finnish Immigration Service. The goal is to identify the causes and consequences of vulnerability in instances that are particularly important when assessing whether the asylum seeker has a well-grounded fear of persecution. A combination of linguistic, psychological and epistemic perspectives on vulnerability shows that these three dimensions are closely intertwined in asylum interviews. Linguistic vulnerability is linked for the most part to interpreting, whereas psychological vulnerability stems from the difficulty in recounting traumatic experiences. Both linguistic and psychological vulnerabilities are central forces that also lead to epistemic vulnerability. Epistemic vulnerability, we claim, gives rise to certain practices within the asylum procedure, which again represents the materialization of the discourses of reporting, truth and credibility.