scholarly journals Violating social distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychological factors to improve compliance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Esther Machado Farias ◽  
Ronaldo Pilati
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Political Partisanship ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Need For Support

Social distancing is one of the most effective measures to prevent coronavirus from rapidly spreading. Our analysis investigates the role of some variables (political partisanship, income, professional status, social norms, and intolerance of uncertainty) in intentions of not complying with social distancing measures, which can lead to higher infection rates and to compromising the capacity of health systems worldwide. We applied an online questionnaire to 2,056 Brazilian participants. Our findings indicate that individuals that support right-wing parties, have lower wages, are currently unemployed, and have a higher intolerance of uncertainty tendency are more prone to violating social distancing measures. Social norms also play a significant role on the intentions but only when using ingroup members (family and friends) as referents. On the basis of our findings, we discuss the need for support from relevant political figures to social distancing policies. We also indicate that providing psychological support and cash transfer programs may increase compliance with physical distancing. Plus, our results indicate that initiatives to persuade individuals to stay at home would be more effective if they focus on ingroup members.

scholarly journals COVID-19 as an Undesirable Political Issue: Conspiracy Beliefs and Intolerance of Uncertainty Predict Adhesion to Prevention Measures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Esther Machado Farias ◽  
Ronaldo Pilati
Keyword(s):  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Political Partisanship ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
And Control

Conspiracy theories tend to thrive in moments of crises because they provide simple answers that assist individuals in coping with threats, making the world more understandable. The COVID-19 pandemic is such a crisis and is boosted by the political turmoil related to politicization of the pandemic in some countries. To assess the role of political partisanship, conspiracy beliefs, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in our two criterion variables (support for COVID-19 prevention measures and compliance with social distancing), we applied an online questionnaire to 662 participants. We have used regression analyses to examine the data collected. Our results indicate that political partisanship predicts conspiracy theories involving personal wellbeing (PW) and control of information (CI) but not government malfeasance (GM) ones. Political partisanship predicted support to COVID-19 prevention measures while intolerance of uncertainty predicted past compliance with social distancing. Beliefs in GM theories predicted support to COVID-19 prevention measures and non-compliance with social distancing while beliefs in PW and CI only predicted non-compliance with social distancing. Belief in GM, PW, and CI theories moderated the effect of political partisanship on support to COVID-19 prevention measures whereas belief in GM and PW theories moderated the effect of IU on past non-compliance with social distancing. Overall, our results suggest the relevance of diminishing political polarization around the virus, providing basic scientific knowledge to the general population to make it easier to identify fake data and conspiracy theories, and offering psychological support focused on dealing with uncertainty to assist in increasing endorsement of and compliance with prevention measures.

Nesting Expectations: What Can the Mexican and Argentinean Cash Transfers Tell Us about the Development of Development?

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Andrés Dapuez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transfer Programs

Latin American cash transfer programs have been implemented aiming at particular anticipatory scenarios. Given that the fulfillment of cash transfer objectives can be calculated neither empirically nor rationally a priori, I analyse these programs in this article using the concept of an “imaginary future.” I posit that cash transfer implementers in Latin America have entertained three main fictional expectations: social pacification in the short term, market inclusion in the long term, and the construction of a more distributive society in the very long term. I classify and date these developing expectations into three waves of conditional cash transfers implementation.

Enhancing the adaptive capacity of pro-poor populations for climate change adaptation: analysis of cash transfer programs in rural Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Gordon Yenglier Yiridomoh ◽  
Vincent Kuuteyiri Chireh ◽  
Samuel Ziem Bonye ◽  
Emmanuel K. Derbile
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Rural Ghana

scholarly journals Personality in a pandemic: Social norms moderate associations between personality and social distancing behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 110828
Author(s):  
Steven G. Ludeke ◽  
Joseph A. Vitriol ◽  
Erik Gahner Larsen ◽  
Miriam Gensowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Distancing

scholarly journals Indemnifying precaution: economic insights for regulation of a highly infectious disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T Robertson ◽  
K Aleks Schaefer ◽  
Daniel Scheitrum ◽  
Sergio Puig ◽  
Keith Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Deterrence Theory ◽  
Legal Intervention ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Personal Costs

Abstract Economic insights are powerful for understanding the challenge of managing a highly infectious disease, such as COVID-19, through behavioral precautions including social distancing. One problem is a form of moral hazard, which arises when some individuals face less personal risk of harm or bear greater personal costs of taking precautions. Without legal intervention, some individuals will see socially risky behaviors as personally less costly than socially beneficial behaviors, a balance that makes those beneficial behaviors unsustainable. For insights, we review health insurance moral hazard, agricultural infectious disease policy, and deterrence theory, but find that classic enforcement strategies of punishing noncompliant people are stymied. One mechanism is for policymakers to indemnify individuals for losses associated with taking those socially desirable behaviors to reduce the spread. We develop a coherent approach for doing so, based on conditional cash payments and precommitments by citizens, which may also be reinforced by social norms.

Long Term Effects of Cash Transfer Programs in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orazio Attanasio ◽  
Lina Cardona Sosa ◽  
Carlos Medina ◽  
Costas Meghir ◽  
Christian Manuel Posso-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Transfer Programs

Targeting Cash Transfer Programs for an Older Population

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Aguila ◽  
Arie Kapteyn ◽  
Caroline Tassot
Keyword(s):  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Transfer Programs
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