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2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Wright ◽  
Elise Paul ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Daisy Fancourt

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK government implemented a series of guidelines, rules, and restrictions to change citizens’ behaviour to tackle the spread of the virus, such as the promotion of face masks and the imposition of lockdown stay-at-home orders. The success of such measures requires active co-operation on the part of citizens, but compliance was not complete. Detailed research is required on the factors that aided or hindered compliance with these measures. Methods To understand the facilitators and barriers to compliance with COVID-19 guidelines, we used structural topic modelling, a text mining technique, to extract themes from over 26,000 free-text survey responses from 17,500 UK adults, collected between 17 November and 23 December 2020. Results The main factors facilitating compliance were desires to reduce risk to oneself and one’s family and friends and to, a lesser extent, the general public. Also of importance were a desire to return to normality, the availability of activities and technological means to contact family and friends, and the ability to work from home. Identified barriers were difficulties maintaining social distancing in public (due to the actions of other people or environmental constraints), the need to provide or receive support from family and friends, social isolation, missing loved ones, and mental health impacts, perceiving the risks as low, social pressure to not comply, and difficulties understanding and keep abreast of changing rules. Several of the barriers and facilitators raised were related to participant characteristics. Notably, women were more likely to discuss needing to provide or receive mental health support from friends and family. Conclusion The results demonstrated an array of factors contributed to compliance with guidelines. Of particular policy importance, the results suggest that government communication that emphasizes the potential risks of the virus and provides simple, consistent guidance on how to reduce the spread of the virus would improve compliance with preventive behaviours as COVID-19 continues and for future pandemics.


2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Lucy Williamson

Lucy Williamson discusses the issues that often lie behind non-compliance with infection prevention strategies among healthcare staff, and how managers can improve compliance by facilitating cultural change.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Schriwer ◽  
Robin Juthberg ◽  
Johanna Flodin ◽  
Paul W. Ackermann

Abstract Background: Contractions of muscles in the calf induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may prevent venous thromboembolism. However, compliance to NMES-treatment is limited by the use of suboptimal stimulation points which may cause discomfort. Knowledge of where one is most likely to find muscle motor points (MP) could improve NMES comfort and compliance.Aims: To anatomically map the MPs of the calf as well as to calculate the probability of finding a MP in different areas of the calf. Material and Methods: On 30 healthy participants (mean age 37 years) anatomical landmarks on the lower limbs were defined. The location of the four most responsive MPs on respectively the medial and lateral calf muscle bellies were determined in relation to these anatomical landmarks using a MP search pen and a pre-set MP search program with 3 Hz continuous stimulation. The anatomy of the calves was normalized and subdivided into a matrix of 48 (6x8) smaller areas (3x3cm), from upper medial to lower lateral, in order to calculate the probability of finding a MP in one of these areas. The probability of finding a MP was then calculated for each area and presented with a 95% confidence interval.Results: The MP heat map displayed a higher concentration of MPs proximally and centrally on the calf. However, there were wide inter-individual differences in the location of the MPs. The highest probability of finding a MP was in area 4, located proximally and medially, and in area 29, located centrally and around the maximum circumference, both with 50% probability (95% CI: 0.31-0.69). The second highest probability of finding MPs was in areas 9, 10, 16, proximally and medially, all with 47% probability (95% CI: 0.28-0.66). These areas 4, 9, 10, 16 and 29 exhibited significantly higher probability of finding motor points than all areas with a mean probability of 27% and lower (p<0.05) The lateral and distal outskirts exhibited almost zero probability of finding MPs. Conclusions: This MP heat map of the calf could be used to expedite electrode placement and to improve compliance in order to receive consistent and enhanced results of NMES treatments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayati ◽  
Abdul Rokhman ◽  
Suratmi Suratmi ◽  
M. Syukri Ghozali ◽  
Muhtadi Muhtadi

Background: The spread of COVID-19 has continued to increase since March 2020. Patients with chronic kidney failure who undergo Hemodialysis are one of the groups vulnerable to COVID-19 because they routinely undergo Hemodialysis. One of the ways to prevent transmission of COVID-19 to hemodialysis patients is by providing education to comply with the COVID-19 prevention Health protocol. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of virtual education on Hemodialysis patient compliance in preventing covid-19 transmission at the Muhammadiyah Hospital in Lamongan. Methods: This study used the Pre-Experiment approach one group pre-test post-test design on all CKD patients who were routine Hemodialysis at Muhammadiyah Lamongan Hospital from October - December 2020 who were taken using the purposive sampling technique. The intervention given was playing educational videos for 2 months. Data were collected using a questionnaire before and after the intervention, which was tested by the Wilcoxon test with α <0.05. Results: There were 69 patients who took part in the entire processes until it was completed. The results revealed that there were differences in the level of compliance of hemodialysis patients before and after treatment (p = 0.000). Further research with larger sample and RCT design is needed for stronger generalization in population. Conclusion: Providing educational videos can increase the level of compliance of hemodialysis patients in implementing Health protocols to prevent transmission of COVID-19.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Adeberg ◽  
Christina Sauer ◽  
Lena Lambert ◽  
Sebastian Regnery ◽  
Paul Windisch ◽  
...  

This single-center, single-arm trial investigates the feasibility of a psycho-oncological care program, which aims to reduce psychological distress and improve compliance with radiotherapy with mask fixation in patients with head and neck cancer or brain malignancies. The care program comprised (1) a screening/needs assessment and (2) the provision of a psycho-oncological intervention using imaginative stabilization techniques for distressed patients (distress due to anxiety ≥5) or in a case of subjective interest in the psycho-oncological intervention. Another allocation path to the intervention was directly through the radiation oncologist in charge who classified the patient as: in need of support to tolerate the immobilization device. Of a total of 1,020 screened patients, 257 (25.2%) patients indicated a distress ≥5 and 141 (13.8%) patients reported panic attacks. 25% of the patients reported a subjective interest in psycho-oncological support. A total of 35 patients received the psycho-oncological intervention, of which 74% were assigned by radiation oncologists. In this small patient cohort, no significant pre-post effects in terms of depression, anxiety, distress, and quality of life (mental and physical component scores) could be detected. Our results indicate a good feasibility (interdisciplinary workflow and cooperation, allocation by physicians in charge) of the psycho-oncological care program for this cohort of patients before radiotherapy with mask fixation. The screening results underline the high psychological distress and demand for psycho-oncological support. However, since the utilization of our intervention was low, future studies should reduce the barriers and improve compliance to psycho-oncological services by these patients.Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do #DRKS00013493


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
Denzil Miller ◽  
Elise Murray

Regional fisheries organisations globally are feeling the impacts of non-compliant behaviour by both contracting and non-contracting parties. Non-compliance arising from activities such as illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, or failures by flag states to appropriately report the activities of their vessels, has resulted in damage to the environment and damage to the performance of regional fisheries management organisations themselves. As a result, many of these organisations are adopting and implementing a relatively new mechanism to tackle non-compliance: the compliance evaluation procedure. This article demonstrates that by adopting a compliance evaluation procedure, regional fisheries organisations are better placed to identify and address non-compliance in an effort to improve compliance with their conservation measures. It analyses in detail the procedure adopted by one particular organisation, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), to suggest that implementation of their procedure has improved transparency, accountability and enforcement. It is argued that the CCAMLR compliance evaluation procedure represents a model for other polar and high seas areas to promote sustainable, and responsible, fishing practices globally.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e001544
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Sahota ◽  
Lukasz Kamieniarz

Valid oxygen prescriptions for hospital inpatients have been a long-standing problem and have been described extensively in BMJ Open Quality with numerous quality improvement projects (QIPs) with the aim of improving compliance with oxygen prescribing.The British Thoracic Society recommends that all inpatients should have oxygen target saturation set on admission: this is motivated by risks of both undertreatment and overtreatment with oxygen. The discrepancy between the recommendation and the reality produced a number of interventions studied in QIPs over the past years, all aiming at bringing the local ward teams closer to the target. This has become even more important during the COVID-19 pandemic, where non-standard oxygen saturation targets and oxygen scarcity led hospital systems to rethink their internal guidelines on the subject.We propose three novel interventions to improve compliance: a remote, personally directed email communication to a ward pharmacist, a similar communication to ward nurses, and a remote, personally directed WhatsApp communication to junior ward doctors. We undertake a QIP which compares novel interventions developed in-house with the most successful interventions from oxygen prescribing initiatives that have previously been published by BMJ Open Quality. The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients with valid oxygen prescription on a ward.The series of novel interventions in three plan, do study, act cycles led to improvement in the outcome measure from 0% at baseline to 70% at the end of the QIP. The successful interventions from previous QIPs were ran in parallel on a similar ward and achieved improvement from 17.9% at baseline to 55.6% at the end of the QIP.This QIP demonstrates adapted interventions performed in context of social distancing aimed at members of multidisciplinary team which achieve superiority in increasing proportion of patients with a valid oxygen prescription, when compared with previously described methods from BMJ Open Quality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Andrea Paddock

Background Evidence demonstrates that shocking patients in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia in 2 minutes or less leads to improved outcomes. At our facility in Orlando, Florida, 4 of 7 time to first shock fallouts occurred in the intensive care unit. No standardization for conducting code situations existed in the intensive care unit. Objective To develop nurse simulation education and training to standardize intensive care unit code processes and improve compliance with timely defibrillation. Methods The sample consisted of intensive care unit nurses. Interventions included online education, simulation, and a postintervention survey. Analysis was conducted using the Get With the Guidelines program as well as descriptive statistics. Interventions Online education assigned to all intensive care unit nurses included electrocardiogram recognition and code documentation. Nurses and physicians collaborated to develop a diagram to identify roles needed for successful conduct of a code situation. A code simulation video was created, reflecting these roles, and embedded in the online education. The education was graded and remediated one-on-one with nurses. Intensive care unit nurses completed structured code simulations, allowing them to practice serving as the leader. Three months after the intervention, a survey was distributed to nurses. Results The time to first shock fallouts in the intensive care unit decreased by 100%, and the facility’s fallouts decreased by 71%. The facility’s adherence to the time to first shock metric increased from 42% to 83%. In a postintervention survey, 89% of nurses reported perceived improvement in knowledge, team leadership and communication, and confidence associated with code events. Conclusions Online education and code simulation positively affected time to first shock in code situations and empowered nurses to confidently function in these situations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Prudhvi Parne

Digital disruption is redefining industries and changing the way business function. Artificial Intelligence is the future of banking as it brings the power of advanced data analytics to combat fraudulent transactions and improve compliance. Financial services are the economical backbone of any nation in the world. There are billions of financial transactions which are taking place and all this data is stored and can be considered as a gold mine of data for many different organizations. No human intelligence can dig in this amount of data to come up with something valuable. This is the reason financial organizations are employing artificial intelligence to come up with new algorithms which can change the way financial transactions are being carried out. Artificial Intelligence can complete the task in a very short period. Artificial intelligence can be used to detect frauds, identify possible attacks, and any other kind of anomalies that may be detrimental for the institution. This paper discusses the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the finance sector. Additionally, the paper will provide the necessary strategies that any banking organization can follow when digitizing its operations when implementing Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and Cloud Computing.


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