A Mixed-Method Approach to Understand Themes of Love in Victims’ Dismissals of Civil Protection Orders

Domestic violence protective orders are the most widely used intimate partner violence-related legal intervention in the United States, yet many victims later ask to have these orders dismissed. This article uses a mixed-methods approach to examine the conditions that help explain why victims of intimate partner violence dismiss their protection orders. Quantitative findings from 841 civil protection order cases show that victims who need protection the most are the most likely to seek dismissals. Victims who experienced recent or physical abuse were significantly more likely to dismiss their protection orders. Qualitative findings from 200 dismissal requests reveal that victims reference common themes of loving the abuser, that the abuser is a good parent, that the abuser is seeking treatment, or that they desire to save the relationship. Victims draw from broad romantic rationalizations when describing their decision to drop a protection order from the court. Building upon insights from constructs of romantic love, this study highlights how the rationalizations victims invoke in their dismissal requests are also associated with their experiences of abuse. A mixed methodological approach reveals a significant contrast between the language in victims’ petitions and their dismissal requests. Victims voiced fear and violence in their petitions for protection orders, then employed meanings of romantic love, reconciliation, and change when requesting that these temporary protection orders be dropped. This contrast reflects the cyclical nature of abuse and suggests that greater attention must be paid to ensuring court officials have a strong understanding of the complexities of victim attrition.

Epidemiological profile of interpersonal violence in Brazil between 2015 and 2019

The objective was to determine the prevalence of interpersonal violence between 2015 and 2019, based on notifications from the Unified Health System (SUS). This is an ecological study with metadata from SINAN/DATASUS on notifications of violence over a period of 05 years. A total of 1,534,146 cases of violence were reported in several categories: physical violence; psychological violence; neglect/abandonment; sexual violence; torture; financial/economic violence; Child labor; legal intervention; trafficking in persons; and other types of violence. The main victims of violence were women (77.55%), white (40.40%), with incomplete higher education (13.93%), single (38.08%) and heterosexual (50.15%). Violence was characterized by sexism as the main motivation (8.88%), with physical violence being the most prevalent (60.78%). As for the means of aggression, force/body beating (42.98%) was the most used against the victim. The majority profile of the aggressor was male (54.54%), adult (45.52%), victim's spouse (13.61), not alcoholic (43.41%). These results demonstrate the importance of preventing violence, especially in the home environment, perpetrated by intimate partners, family members and acquaintances of the victim. The study provides, to date, one of the largest samples of interpersonal violence reported by health professionals in Brazil.

Eksploitasi Anak Sebagai Pedagang Asongan ditinjau dari UU Perlindungan Anak pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Legal arrangements for child exploitation during the Covid-19 pandemic have not yet been included in the Criminal Code (KUHP). So that parents who employ their children as hawkers are still free from legal snares and can easily justify economically. This study aims to examine the legal arrangements for perpetrators of criminal acts of child exploitation as hawkers and reveal criminal sanctions for perpetrators of acts of exploitation of children as hawkers during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research method uses normative legal research by applying a conceptual approach and legislation. The data used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal data obtained by the recording method. After the data has been collected, the next step is to process and analyze it in a systematic way with legal intervention. The results of the study show that legal arrangements for perpetrators of criminal acts of exploitation of children during the Covid-19 pandemic, one of which is child exploitation, are not specifically regulated in Article 13 of Law no. 35 of 2014 amendments to Law no. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. Therefore, in this case there is a void of norms, but the crime of child exploitation based on the provisions of Article 103 of the Criminal Code states that crimes against children are a special crime. Related to criminal sanctions, they are sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of ten years or a maximum fine of Rp. 200,000,000.00 (two hundred million rupiah

Enhancing Legal Protection of Stray Animals Welfare Through Society Intervention And Enforcement in Malaysia

The plight of strays is one of the most visible animal welfare issues in the world today. Stray animals can be seen as a nuisance and threatening public health through the spread of diseases and the environment. Nevertheless, stray animals also may experience poorer welfare themselves through a lack of resources, such as shelter, food and water and exposure to cruelty. Therefore, an evaluative study in legal perspective on the protection of the welfare of stray animals is imperative. Generally, the Malaysian law in animal welfare is clear in protecting them from any kinds of cruelty as well as proper humane treatment. However, the protection received by stray animals under the current animal protection regime is seen as inadequate as the increasing numbers of cases reported since the Animal Welfare Act 2015 came into force. Hence, it is felt that the lack of clear guidelines in the enforcement concerning stray animals has resulted in their welfare receiving insufficient protection. This study utilizes doctrinal and non-doctrinal legal research techniques. In complementing the doctrinal discussions, various valuable insights in understanding the law and the practices were adopted. This study provides possible suggestions to enhance solutions in protection of the welfare of stray animals in Malaysia. By using information from current developments in philosophy concerning animal welfare, with references to international instruments and comparing it with the domestic elements of animal protection, this study considers measures and possible ways to enhance protection of the welfare of stray animals in Malaysia. The research suggests that Malaysia should consider incorporating references to animal sentience and the principles in promoting kindness towards animals. Most importantly, this survey urges the government, local authorities and public to improve their commitment through legal intervention to better enforce in protecting the welfare of stray animals.

CONTRACTUAL DELEGATION OF SOVEREIGNTY IN SUPRANATIONAL ENTITIES

The article analyses the agreement basis for state sovereignty as established and implemented in the European Union. The research aims to study the agreement-based regulation used by the EU Member States to create a stable position of Ukraine on its way to becoming a member of the European Union. The research allowed finding out that the member states do not transfer their powers in their economic and social fields but only delegate them. The analysis of the treaties concerning the establishment and functioning of the European Union proves the existence of specific organisational and legal intervention measures that the countries agree to when joining the treaty union. The agreement-based rearrangement of powers between the EU and its member states lets the latter obtain their special legal personalities regarding the conclusion of agreements among themselves and at the same time preserve complete economic sovereignty in their relations with the countries that are not member states of the EU. When joining the European Union, its member states voluntarily and on a negotiable basis agree to certain restrictions and prohibitions binding in their economy. Furthermore, the EC Treaty provides for the improved protection of interests for the economic community as compared with the protection of national interests of the member states though it is not excluded that the latter can be taken into consideration when adopting the national laws of a member state to the EU legislation.

‘Young People Just Resolve It in Their Own Group’: Young People’s Perspectives on Responses to Non-Consensual Intimate Image Distribution

While responses to non-consensual intimate image distribution (NCIID) often highlight criminal law remedies, little is known about how young people are choosing to respond to this act and whether they perceive legal intervention as a useful tool. Drawing from interviews with 10 teenagers and survey responses from 81 adult supporters, we provide insight into how young people perceive the supports available to them for responding to NCIID. We find young people may avoid seeking support from both the criminal justice system and adults in general due to fears of adult overreaction, victim blaming and shaming, and self/peer criminalization.