scholarly journals A meta-analysis of gray matter volume differences between bilinguals and monolinguals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Danylkiv ◽  
Anthony James Krafnick
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Pediatric Study

Bilingualism is of great interest to the neuroscience of language, and understanding the anatomical changes associated with second language learning help inform theories of bilingual advantage across the lifespan. While the literature on structural differences between bilinguals and monolinguals is robust, relatively few studies of gray matter volume (GMV) have directly compared bilinguals with monolinguals in a whole-brain analysis. Overall, this and heterogeneity of study samples and methodology have led to a lack of clear anatomical support for major theories. Here, we engage in an activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of GMV for cases that directly compare bilingual and monolingual subjects in a whole-brain analysis. The analysis (sixteen foci, from ten contrasts across eight studies) resulted in one cluster located primarily within the anterior lobe of the right cerebellum. However, when the one pediatric study was removed, the analysis revealed no consistent results across the studies included in this meta-analysis. This suggests that for VBM studies of bilingual and monolingual adults there is considerable heterogeneity of results that complicate the understanding of the bilingual brain. Future studies will need to include larger, more well-defined samples and interrogate more fine-grained anatomical features such as cortical thickness and surface area in order to more fully examine the anatomical changes associated with bilingualism across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyah Allick ◽  
Grace Park ◽  
Kwon Kim ◽  
Michelle Vintimilla ◽  
Krutika Rathod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: Adolescent-onset cannabis use is rising in the era of marijuana legalization. Recent imaging studies have identified neuroanatomical differences between adult cannabis users and controls that are more prominent in early-onset users. Other studies point to sex-dependent effects of cannabis.Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and subsequent effect-size seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analyses were conducted to investigate relationships between age (across the 12-to-21-year-old developmental window), sex, and gray matter volume (GMV) differences between cannabis using (CU) and typically developing (TD) youth.Results: Our search identified 1,326 citations, 24 of which were included in a qualitative analysis. A total of 6 whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies comparing regional GMV between 357 CU [mean (SD) age = 16.68 (1.28); 71% male] and 404 TD [mean (SD) age = 16.77 (1.36); 63% male] youth were included in the SDM-meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of whole-brain VBM studies identified no regions showing significant GMV difference between CU and TD youth. Meta-regressions showed divergent effects of age and sex on cortical GMV differences in CU vs. TD youth. Age effects were seen in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), with older-aged CU youth showing decreased and younger-aged CU youth showing increased STG GMV compared to age-matched TD youth. Parallel findings in the STG were also observed in relation to duration of CU (years) in supplemental meta-regressions. Regarding sex effects, a higher proportion of females in studies was associated with increased GMV in the middle occipital gyrus in CU vs. TD youth.Conclusions: These findings suggest that GMV differences between CU and TD youth, if present, are subtle, and may vary as a function of age, cumulative cannabis exposure, and sex in young people. Whether age- and sex-related GMV differences are attributable to common predispositional factors, cannabis-induced neuroadaptive changes, or both warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Sex-specific association of poor sleep quality with gray matter volume

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Neumann ◽  
Martin Lotze ◽  
Martin Domin
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract Study Objectives Previous studies were inconsistent with regard to the association of sleep dysfunction on the brain’s gray matter volume (GMV). The current study set out to investigate if there is a moderating effect of sex on the relationship between sleep quality in healthy individuals and GMV. Methods We applied voxel-based morphometry in 1,074 young adults of the “Human Connectome Project.” An analysis of variance with the factors “sleep quality” (good/poor according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, cutoff >5) and “sex” (male, female) on GMV was conducted. Additionally, linear relationships between sleep quality and GMV were tested. Results The analysis of variance yielded no main effect for sleep quality, but an interaction between sex and sleep quality for the right superior frontal gyrus. Post hoc t-tests showed that female good sleepers in comparison to female poor sleepers had larger GMV in the right parahippocampal gyrus extending to the right hippocampus (whole-brain family-wise error [FWE]-corrected), as well as smaller GMV in the right inferior parietal lobule (whole-brain FWE-corrected) and the right inferior temporal gyrus (whole brain FWE-corrected). There were no significant effects when comparing male good sleepers to male poor sleepers. Linear regression analyses corroborated smaller GMV in the right parahippocampal gyrus in women with poor sleep quality. Conclusions Poor sleep quality was associated with altered GMV in females, but not in males. Future studies are needed to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the sex differences in the association of sleep quality and brain differences found in this study.

scholarly journals RARE-14. STRUCTURAL BRAIN PLASTICITY OF THE GRAY MATTER IN PATIENTS WITH BASAL GANGLIA GERM CELL TUMORS: A VBM STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi224-vi224
Author(s):  
Yanong Li
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
T Test ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess the whole brain structural plasticity in case of unilateral basal ganglia germ cell tumors (BGGCTs). METHODS To detect changes in gray matter volume of the whole brain from structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in a sample of 41 patients with BGGCTs invading the left basal ganglia (BasalG_L group; n = 22) or the right basal ganglia (BasalG_R group; n = 19) and a sample of 16 patients with GCTs arising in pineal or suprasellar regions, comparing these groups with 16 age-matched normal controls (NCs) by two-sample t test after that. RESULTS To left BGGCTs patients, the regions of whole brain VBM analysis emphasized a large cluster of voxels with gray matter volume increase in left para hippocampal (k = 529 voxels, T=4.18, p< 0.01) and decrease in left thalamus (k = 527 voxels, T=-4.88, p< 0.01). At the same time, the cluster of voxels with gray matter volume increase in right middle cingulate cortex (rMCC) (k = 172 voxels, T=3.96, p< 0.01), and decrease in right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), pars opercular (k = 495 voxels, T= -4.29, p< 0.01) in right BGGCTs patients. Furthermore, gray matter volume showed no significant difference between groups of patients with GCTs arising in pineal or suprasellar regions and NCs by two-sample t test. And the results were corrected by family-wise-error correction. CONCLUSIONS The revealed results demonstrate that slow-growing but destructive lesion of the BGGCTs markedly and asymmetrically atrophies the gray matter volume in specific brain regions and shows compensatory plasticity in each side of cerebral hemisphere. Our findings direct focus on the whole cerebral adaptation that perhaps be a physiologic basis for the high level of functional compensation and partially explain the relationships between gray matter remodeling and cognitive disturbances observed in patients with BGGCTs.

scholarly journals Altered whole-brain gray matter volume in high myopia patients

Neuroreport ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 760-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Yuxiang Hu ◽  
Fuqing Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxuan Xu ◽  
Yifan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Matter Volume

A meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies on gray matter volume alteration in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Cao ◽  
YingYing Tang ◽  
JianPeng Li ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Hui-Fang Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Reduced gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex is associated with greater body mass index: a coordinate-based meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Y. Chen ◽  
Susan Murray ◽  
Tania Giovannetti ◽  
David V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

AbstractMeta-analyses of neuroimaging studies have not found a clear relationship between the orbitofrontal cortex and obesity, despite animal and human studies suggesting the contrary. Our primary meta-analysis examined what regions are associated with reduced gray matter volume, given increased body mass index. We identified 23 voxel-based morphometry studies examining the association between gray matter volume and body mass index. In a sample of 6,788 participants, we found that greater body mass index is associated with decreased gray matter volume in the right Brodmanns’ area 10 and 11, forming part of the right orbitofrontal cortex (FWE, p=0.05). Use of Brodmanns’ areas 10 and 11 as seeds in a Neurosynth network coactivation and text decoding analysis revealed that these regions are associated with studies of emotional regulation and processing, clinical symptoms and disorder, ‘mentalizing’ and social cognition, and the Default mode network. Our finding uniquely contributes to the literature in showing a relationship between the orbitofrontal cortex and obesity and showing the wide-ranging impact these differences may have on social, mental, and emotional functioning as well as on the Default mode network. Exploratory analyses suggest the need for studies examining the effect of age on these findings.

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