Development and Validation of the Trait Test Anxiety Inventory - Short
We develop and present validity evidence for a new 12-item self-report measure of test anxiety, the Trait Test Anxiety Inventory - Short (TTAI-S), following Kane’s validation framework. Data were collected from three independent samples of college students in the U.S. (N=552; Mage=22.25 years). Scoring validity was evidenced by good internal consistency and confirmed structure as a single factor. Generalization validity was evidenced by scalar measurement invariance based on the sample (Internet v. community) and subgroups (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, and parental educational attainment). Extrapolation validity was evidenced by significant associations between the TTAI-S score and two theoretically relevant constructs (state test anxiety, self-efficacy). These findings support the psychometric integrity of the TTAI-S, which may be used to investigate trait test anxiety in a variety of contexts.