scholarly journals Value network engagement and effects of memory-related processing during encoding and retrieval of value

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Brittony Conner ◽  
Marilyn Horta ◽  
Natalie C. Ebner ◽  
Nichole Renee Lighthall
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Item Attribute ◽  
Subjective Valuation ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Decision makers rely on episodic memory to calculate choice values in everyday life, yet it is unclear how neural mechanisms of valuation differ when value-related information is encoded versus retrieved from episodic memory. The current fMRI study compared neural correlates of subjective value while value-related information was encoded versus retrieved from memory. Scanned tasks were followed by a behavioral episodic memory test for item-attribute associations. Our analyses sought to i) identify neural correlates of subjective value that were distinct and common across encoding and retrieval, and ii) determine whether neural mechanisms of subjective valuation and episodic memory interact, reflecting cooperation or competition between systems. The study yielded three primary findings. First, we found similar subjective value-related activation in the fronto-striatal reward circuit and posterior parietal cortex across valuation phases. Second, value-related activation in select fronto-parietal and salience regions was significantly greater at value retrieval. Third, we found no evidence of an interaction between neural correlates of subjective valuation and episodic memory. Taken with prior research, our findings suggest that context-specific effects are likely to determine whether neural correlates of subjective value interact with episodic memory, and indicate that fronto-parietal and salience regions play a key role in retrieval-dependent valuation.

The effect of Neuregulin 1 on neural correlates of episodic memory encoding and retrieval

NeuroImage ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Krug ◽  
Valentin Markov ◽  
Sören Krach ◽  
Andreas Jansen ◽  
Klaus Zerres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Neuregulin 1 ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

scholarly journals The impact of dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) on neural correlates of episodic memory encoding and retrieval

2009 ◽  
pp. NA-NA
Author(s):  
Markus Thimm ◽  
Axel Krug ◽  
Valentin Markov ◽  
Sören Krach ◽  
Andreas Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

THE EFFECT OF A GENOME-WIDE SUPPORTED VARIANT IN CACNA1C ON NEURAL CORRELATES OF EPISODIC MEMORY ENCODING AND RETRIEVAL

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Axel Krug ◽  
Stephanie Witt ◽  
Sören Krach ◽  
Andreas Jansen ◽  
N. Jon Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

scholarly journals The Effect of Neurogranin on Neural Correlates of Episodic Memory Encoding and Retrieval

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Krug ◽  
Sören Krach ◽  
Andreas Jansen ◽  
Vanessa Nieratschker ◽  
Stephanie H. Witt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

scholarly journals Episodic Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Face-Name Paired Paradigm: An fNIRS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Benjamin Becker ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Chetwyn C. H. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Brodmann Areas ◽  
Parietal Cortices ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Background: Episodic memory (EM) is particularly sensitive to pathological conditions and aging. In a neurocognitive context, the paired-associate learning (PAL) paradigm, which requires participants to learn and recall associations between stimuli, has been used to measure EM. The present study aimed to explore whether functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be employed to determine cortical activity underlying encoding and retrieval. Moreover, we examined whether and how different aspects of task (i.e., novelty, difficulty) affects those cortical activities. Methods: Twenty-two male college students (age: M = 20.55, SD = 1.62) underwent a face-name PAL paradigm under 40-channel fNIRS covering fronto-parietal and middle occipital regions. Results: A decreased activity during encoding in a broad network encompassing the bilateral frontal cortex (Brodmann areas 9, 11, 45, and 46) was observed during the encoding, while an increased activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann area 11) was observed during the retrieval. Increased HbO concentration in the superior parietal cortices and decreased HbO concentration in the inferior parietal cortices were observed during encoding while dominant activation of left PFC was found during retrieval only. Higher task difficulty was associated with greater neural activity in the bilateral prefrontal cortex and higher task novelty was associated with greater activation in occipital regions. Conclusion: Combining the PAL paradigm with fNIRS provided the means to differentiate neural activity characterising encoding and retrieval. Therefore, the fNIRS may have the potential to complete EM assessments in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Effects of ketamine on brain function during metacognition of episodic memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Lehmann ◽  
Claudia Neumann ◽  
Sven Wasserthal ◽  
Johannes Schultz ◽  
Achilles Delis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Confidence Ratings

Abstract Only little research has been conducted on the pharmacological underpinnings of metacognition. Here, we tested the modulatory effects of a single intravenous dose (100 ng/ml) of the N-methyl-D-aspartate-glutamate-receptor antagonist ketamine, a compound known to induce altered states of consciousness, on metacognition and its neural correlates. Fifty-three young, healthy adults completed two study phases of an episodic memory task involving both encoding and retrieval in a double-blind, placebo-controlled fMRI study. Trial-by-trial confidence ratings were collected during retrieval. Effects on the subjective state of consciousness were assessed using the 5D-ASC questionnaire. Confirming that the drug elicited a psychedelic state, there were effects of ketamine on all 5D-ASC scales. Acute ketamine administration during retrieval had deleterious effects on metacognitive sensitivity (meta-d′) and led to larger metacognitive bias, with retrieval performance (d′) and reaction times remaining unaffected. However, there was no ketamine effect on metacognitive efficiency (meta-d′/d′). Measures of the BOLD signal revealed that ketamine compared to placebo elicited higher activation of posterior cortical brain areas, including superior and inferior parietal lobe, calcarine gyrus, and lingual gyrus, albeit not specific to metacognitive confidence ratings. Ketamine administered during encoding did not significantly affect performance or brain activation. Overall, our findings suggest that ketamine impacts metacognition, leading to significantly larger metacognitive bias and deterioration of metacognitive sensitivity as well as unspecific activation increases in posterior hot zone areas of the neural correlates of consciousness.

Effects of division of attention during encoding and retrieval on age differences in episodic memory

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Nyberg ◽  
Lars-Göran Nilsson ◽  
Ulrich Olofsson ◽  
Lars Bäckman
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

The Effect of Divided Attention on Encoding and Retrieval in Episodic Memory Revealed by Positron Emission Tomography

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Iidaka ◽  
Nicole D. Anderson ◽  
Shitij Kapur ◽  
Roberto Cabez ◽  
Fergus I. M. Craik
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

The effects of divided attention (DA) on episodic memory encoding and retrieval were investigated in 12 normal young subjects by positron emission tomography (PET). Cerebral blood flow was measured while subjects were concurrently performing a memory task (encoding and retrieval of visually presented word pairs) and an auditory tone-discrimination task. The PET data were analyzed using multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS), and the results revealed three sets of neural correlates related to specific task contrasts. Brain activity, relatively greater under conditions of full attention (FA) than DA, was identified in the occipital-temporal, medial, and ventral-frontal areas, whereas areas showing relatively more activity under DA than FA were found in the cerebellum, temporo-parietal, left anterior-cingulate gyrus, and bilateral dorsolateral-prefrontal areas. Regions more active during encoding than during retrieval were located in the hippocampus, temporal and the prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere, and regions more active during retrieval than during encoding included areas in the medial and right-prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cuneus. DA at encoding was associated with specific decreases in rCBF in the left-prefrontal areas, whereas DA at retrieval was associated with decreased rCBF in a relatively small region in the right-prefrontal cortex. These different patterns of activity are related to the behavioral results, which showed a substantial decrease in memory performance when the DA task was performed at encoding, but no change in memory levels when the DA task was performed at retrieval.

Neural Correlates of Syntactic Processing in Two-Year-Olds

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1667-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Oberecker ◽  
Manuela Friedrich ◽  
Angela D. Friederici
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Late Positivity ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Anterior Negativity

Event-related brain potential (ERP) studies of sentence processing in adults have shown that phrase-structure violations are associated with two ERP components: an early left anterior negativity (ELAN) and a late, centro-parietal positivity (P600). Although the ELAN reflects highly automatic first-pass sentence parsing, the P600 has been interpreted to reflect later, more controlled processes. The present ERP study investigates the processing of phrase-structure violations in children below three years of age. Both children (mean age of 2.8 years) and adults passively listened to short active sentences that were either correct or syntactically incorrect. Adults displayed an ELAN that was followed by a P600 to the syntactic violation. Children also demonstrated a biphasic ERP pattern consisting of an early left hemispheric negativity and a late positivity. Both components, however, started later and persisted longer than those observed in adults. The left lateralization of the children's negativity suggests that this component can be interpreted as a child-specific precursor to the ELAN observed in adults. The appearance of the early negativity indicates that the neural mechanisms of syntactic parsing are present, in principle, during early language development.

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