scholarly journals Wine glass size and wine sales: four replication studies in one restaurant and two bars

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Clarke ◽  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Mark Pilling ◽  
Gareth J Hollands ◽  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Wine Glass ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Glass Size

Objective. Previous research suggests that wine glass size affects sales of wine in bars, with more wine purchased when served in larger glasses. The current four studies, conducted in one restaurant (Studies 1&2) and two bars (Studies 3&4) in Cambridge, England, aim to establish the reproducibility of this effect of glass size on sales. A multiple treatment reversal design was used, involving wine being served in sequential fortnightly periods in different sized glasses of the same design (290ml, 350ml, and 450ml). The primary outcome was daily wine volume (ml) sold. Results. Restaurant: Daily wine volume sold was 13% (95% CI: 2%,24%) higher when served with 350ml vs. 290ml glasses in Study 1. A similar direction of effect was seen in Study 2 (6%; 95% CI: -1%,15%). Bars: Daily wine volume sold was 21% (95% CI: 9%,35%) higher when served with 450ml vs. 350ml glasses in Study 3. This effect was not observed in Study 4 (-7%, 95% CI: -16%,3%). Meaningful differences were not demonstrated with any other glass comparison. These results partially replicate previous studies showing that larger glasses increase wine sales. Considerable uncertainty remains about the magnitude of any effect and the contexts in which it might occur.

scholarly journals Does wine glass size influence sales for on-site consumption? A multiple treatment reversal design

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Dominique-Laurent Couturier ◽  
Gareth J. Hollands ◽  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Wine Glass ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Glass Size

scholarly journals Wine glass size and wine sales: four replication studies in one restaurant and two bars

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Clarke ◽  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Mark Pilling ◽  
Gareth J. Hollands ◽  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replication Studies ◽  
Wine Glass ◽  
Glass Size

scholarly journals Wine glass size in England from 1700 to 2017: a measure of our time

BMJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. j5623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorana Zupan ◽  
Alexandra Evans ◽  
Dominique-Laurent Couturier ◽  
Theresa M Marteau
Keyword(s):  
Wine Glass ◽  
Glass Size

scholarly journals Wine glass size and wine sales: a replication study in two bars

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Dominique-Laurent Couturier ◽  
Gareth J. Hollands ◽  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
Zorana Zupan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replication Study ◽  
Wine Glass ◽  
Glass Size

scholarly journals Size and shape of plates and size of wine glasses and bottles: impact on selection of food and alcohol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Clarke ◽  
Emily Pechey ◽  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Minna Ventsel ◽  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Plate Shape ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Wine Glass ◽  
Size Interaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

BackgroundThe physical properties of tableware could influence selection and consumption of food and alcohol. There is considerable uncertainty, however, around the potential effects of different sizes and shapes of tableware on how much food and alcohol people self-serve. AimsTo estimate the impact of: 1. Plate size and shape on amount of food self-served; 2. Wine glass and bottle size on amount of wine self-poured.Methods 140 adults participated in two laboratory studies – each using randomised within-subjects factorial designs – where they self-served food (Study 1) and wine (Study 2):Study 1: 3 plate sizes (small; medium; large) x 2 plate shapes (circular; square). Study 2: 3 wine glass sizes (small; medium; large) x 2 wine bottle sizes (75cl; 50cl). ResultsStudy 1: There was a main effect of plate size: less was self-served on small (-76 grams, p<0.001) and medium (-41 grams, p<0.001) plates, compared to large plates. There was no evidence for a main effect of plate shape (p=0.46) or a size and shape interaction (p=0.47). Study 2: There was a main effect of glass size: less was self-served in small (-34ml, p<0.001) and medium (-17ml, p<0.001) glasses, compared to large glasses. There was no evidence of a main effect of bottle size (p=0.20) or a glass and bottle size interaction (p=0.18). ConclusionSmaller tableware (i.e. plates and wine glasses) decreases the amount of food and wine self-served – a close proxy for consumption. Future studies are required to generate estimates of effects on consumption in real world settings.

scholarly journals Altering the availability of healthier vs. less healthy items in UK hospital vending machines: a multiple treatment reversal design

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Holly Jenkins ◽  
Emma Cartwright ◽  
Theresa M. Marteau
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Condition C ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Condition B

Abstract Background Altering the availability of healthier or less-healthy products may increase healthier purchases, but evidence is currently limited. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of altering the absolute-and-relative availability of healthier and less-healthy products – i.e. simultaneously altering the number of options available and the proportion of healthier options – in hospital vending machines. Methods An adapted multiple treatment reversal design was used, altering products available in ten vending machines serving snack foods and/or cold drinks in one English hospital. Machines were randomised to one of two sequences for the seven 4-week study periods: ABCADEA or ADEABCA. In Condition A (study periods 1, 4 and 7) the proportions of healthier products were standardised across all machines, so that 25% of all snack slots and 75% of drink slots were healthier. In Condition B, 20% of vending machine slots were emptied by removing less-healthy products. In Condition C, the empty slots created in Condition B were filled with healthier products. Conditions D and E were operationalised in the same way as B and C, except healthier products were removed in D, and then less-healthy products added in E. Sales data were obtained from machine restocking records. Separate linear mixed models were conducted to examine the impact of altering availability on energy purchased (kcal) from (i) snacks or (ii) drinks each week, with random effects for vending machine. Results The energy purchased from drinks was reduced when the number of slots containing less-healthy drinks was decreased, compared to standardised levels (− 52.6%; 95%CI: − 69.3,-26.9). Findings were inconclusive for energy purchased from snacks when less-healthy snack slots were reduced (− 17.2%; 95%CI: − 47.4,30.5). Results for altering the number of slots for healthier drinks or snacks were similarly inconclusive, with no statistically significant impact on energy purchased. Conclusions Reducing the availability of less-healthy drinks could reduce the energy purchased from drinks in vending machines. Further studies are needed to establish whether any effects might be smaller for snacks, or found with higher baseline proportions of healthier options.

scholarly journals The effect of wine glass size on volume of wine sold: a mega‐analysis of studies in bars and restaurants

Addiction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1660-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pilling ◽  
Natasha Clarke ◽  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Gareth J. Hollands ◽  
Theresa M. Marteau
Keyword(s):  
Wine Glass ◽  
Glass Size

scholarly journals Erratum to: Wine glass size and wine sales: a replication study in two bars

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Dominique-Laurent Couturier ◽  
Gareth J. Hollands ◽  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
Zorana Zupan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replication Study ◽  
Wine Glass ◽  
Glass Size

scholarly journals Size and shape of plates and size of wine glasses and bottles: impact on self-serving of food and alcohol

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Clarke ◽  
Emily Pechey ◽  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Minna Ventsel ◽  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Plate Shape ◽  
Protocol Registration ◽  
Wine Glass ◽  
Size Interaction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The physical properties of tableware could influence selection and consumption of food and alcohol. There is considerable uncertainty, however, around the potential effects of different sizes and shapes of tableware on how much food and alcohol people self-serve. These studies aimed to estimate the impact of: 1. Plate size and shape on amount of food self-served; 2.Wine glass and bottle size on amount of wine self-poured. Methods 140 adults participated in two laboratory studies—each using randomised within-subjects factorial designs—where they self-served food (Study 1) and wine (Study 2): Study 1: 3 plate sizes (small; medium; large) × 2 plate shapes (circular; square). Study 2: 3 wine glass sizes (small; medium; large) × 2 wine bottle sizes (75 cl; 50 cl). Results Study 1: There was a main effect of plate size: less was self-served on small (76 g less, p < 0.001) and medium (41 g less, p < 0.001) plates, compared to large plates. There was no evidence for a main effect of plate shape (p = 0.46) or a size and shape interaction (p = 0.47). Study 2: There was a main effect of glass size: less was self-served in small (34 ml less, p < 0.001) and medium (17 ml less, p < 0.001) glasses, compared to large glasses. There was no evidence of a main effect of bottle size (p = 0.20) or a glass and bottle size interaction (p = 0.18). Conclusions Smaller tableware (i.e. plates and wine glasses) decreases the amount of food and wine self-served in an initial serving. Future studies are required to generate estimates on selection and consumption in real world settings when numerous servings are possible. Protocol registration information: OSF (https://osf.io/dj3c6/) and ISRCTN (10.1186/ISRCTN66774780).

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