scholarly journals Shape of U: The relationship between object-location memory and expectedness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Alexander Quent ◽  
Andrea Greve ◽  
Richard Henson
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Location Memory ◽  
Object Location Memory ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
The Relationship

Based on a neuroscientific model of memory (SLIMM), we predicted that people’s memory for object locations would be a U-shaped function of the expectancy of those locations. Using immersive virtual reality, we manipulated expectancy by placing twenty familiar objects in locations within a virtual kitchen that were congruent, unrelated or incongruent with people’s schema (prior knowledge) for a typical kitchen. Using Bayes Factors across three experiments, we confirmed this (pre-registered) prediction, with better memory for highly expected or highly unexpected locations relative to neutral locations. This U-shape was found in location recall and, importantly, in three-alternative forced choice recognition using object-location images, for which locations in the foil images were approximately equally expected. The latter shows that (part of) the U-shape was not simply participants guessing expected locations when unsure. A second prediction of SLIMM is that the two ends of the U-shape would be associated with different expressions of memory: namely, recollection of objects at unexpected locations, but familiarity for objects at expected locations. Bayes Factors provided evidence against this second prediction, with recollection associated with both ends of the U-shape, and familiarity showing no effect of expectancy. These findings have implications for SLIMM and more general theories of the role of schema and surprise in episodic memory.

scholarly journals Role of Snf7-3 in neurodevelopment and object location memory

IBRO Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S210
Author(s):  
Jihye Lee ◽  
Hyopil Kim ◽  
Su-Eon Sim ◽  
Myung Won Kim ◽  
Jisu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Location ◽  
Location Memory ◽  
Object Location Memory

The role of local and distal landmarks in the development of object location memory.

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1515-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Bullens ◽  
Irene Klugkist ◽  
Albert Postma
Keyword(s):  
Object Location ◽  
Location Memory ◽  
Object Location Memory

scholarly journals The Relation between Sustained Attention and Incidental and Intentional Object-Location Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Efrat Barel ◽  
Orna Tzischinsky
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Intentional Object ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Location Memory ◽  
Object Location Memory

The role of attention allocation in object-location memory has been widely studied through incidental and intentional encoding conditions. However, the relation between sustained attention and memory encoding processes has scarcely been studied. The present study aimed to investigate performance differences across incidental and intentional encoding conditions using a divided attention paradigm. Furthermore, the study aimed to examine the relation between sustained attention and incidental and intentional object-location memory performance. Based on previous findings, an all women sample was recruited in order to best illuminate the potential effects of interest. Forty-nine women participated in the study and completed the psychomotor vigilance test, as well as object-location memory tests, under both incidental and intentional encoding divided attention conditions. Performance was higher in the incidental encoding condition than in the intentional encoding condition. Furthermore, sustained attention correlated with incidental, but not with intentional memory performance. These findings are discussed in light of the automaticity hypothesis, specifically as it regards the role of attention allocation in encoding object-location memory. Furthermore, the role of sustained attention in incidental memory performance is discussed in light of previous animal and human studies that have examined the brain regions involved in these cognitive processes. We conclude that under conditions of increased mental demand, executive attention is associated with incidental, but not with intentional encoding, thus identifying the exact conditions under which executive attention influence memory performance.

scholarly journals Flexible Use of Spatial Frames of Reference for Object–Location Memory in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Natalia Ladyka-Wojcik ◽  
Rosanna K. Olsen ◽  
Jennifer D. Ryan ◽  
Morgan D. Barense
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Location Memory ◽  
Object Location Memory ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
Spatial Frames Of Reference

In memory, representations of spatial features are stored in different reference frames; features relative to our position are stored egocentrically and features relative to each other are stored allocentrically. Accessing these representations engages many cognitive and neural resources, and so is susceptible to age-related breakdown. Yet, recent findings on the heterogeneity of cognitive function and spatial ability in healthy older adults suggest that aging may not uniformly impact the flexible use of spatial representations. These factors have yet to be explored in a precisely controlled task that explicitly manipulates spatial frames of reference across learning and retrieval. We used a lab-based virtual reality task to investigate the relationship between object–location memory across frames of reference, cognitive status, and self-reported spatial ability. Memory error was measured using Euclidean distance from studied object locations to participants’ responses at testing. Older adults recalled object locations less accurately when they switched between frames of reference from learning to testing, compared with when they remained in the same frame of reference. They also showed an allocentric learning advantage, producing less error when switching from an allocentric to an egocentric frame of reference, compared with the reverse direction of switching. Higher MoCA scores and better self-assessed spatial ability predicted less memory error, especially when learning occurred egocentrically. We suggest that egocentric learning deficits are driven by difficulty in binding multiple viewpoints into a coherent representation. Finally, we highlight the heterogeneity of spatial memory performance in healthy older adults as a potential cognitive marker for neurodegeneration, beyond normal aging.

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