scholarly journals Observing conflicting actions elicits conflict adaptation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiel Cracco ◽  
Senne Braem ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Action Representation ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Congruency Sequence Effect ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Abstract Shapes

A key prediction of ideomotor theories is that action perception relies on the same mechanisms as action planning. While this prediction has received support from studies investigating action perception in one-on-one situations, situations with multiple actors pose a challenge because in order to co-represent multiple observed actions, observers have to represent more actions in their motor system than they can physically execute. If representing multiple observed actions, like representing individual observed actions, recycles action planning processes, this should lead to response conflict by observation. In 5 experiments, we tested this hypothesis by investigating whether simply seeing two conflicting actions is sufficient to elicit response conflict and therefore adaptive control, in the same way as planning conflicting actions does. Experiments 1-3 provided meta-analytical evidence (N = 262) that seeing two conflicting gestures triggers a reverse congruency sequence effect on a subsequent, unrelated prime-probe task. Experiment 4 (N = 250) replicated this finding in a high-powered study. Finally, Experiment 5 (N = 253) revealed that the same effect was not present when using unfolding abstract shapes instead of moving hands. Together, these experiments show that not just planning but also seeing two conflicting actions elicits adaptive control and provide initial evidence that this is driven by motor conflict. These findings have important implications both for theories of action representation and research on cognitive control.

scholarly journals Multiple expectancies underlie the congruency sequence effect in confound-minimized tasks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Erb ◽  
Andy J. Aschenbrenner
Keyword(s):  
Flanker Task ◽  
Congruent Trial ◽  
Feature Integration ◽  
Contingency Learning ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Recent Trial ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Congruency Sequence Effect ◽  
Stroop Tasks

The congruency sequence effect (CSE) occurs when the congruency effect observed in tasks such as the Eriksen flanker task is smaller on trials preceded by an incongruent trial relative to trials preceded by a congruent trial. The CSE has been attributed to a range of factors including repetition expectancy, conflict monitoring, feature integration, and contingency learning. To clarify the debate surrounding the CSE and the mechanisms underlying its occurrence, researchers have developed confound-minimized congruency tasks designed to control for feature-integration and contingency-learning effects. A CSE is often observed in confound-minimized tasks, indicating that the effect is driven by repetition expectancy, conflict monitoring, or a combination of the two. Here, we propose and test a variant of the repetition expectancy account that emphasizes how multiple expectations can be formed simultaneously based upon the congruency type (congruent vs. incongruent) and the congruency repetition type (congruency repetition vs. congruency alternation) of the most recent trial. Data from confound-minimized versions of the prime-probe task were found to support this novel account. Data from confound-minimized versions of the Eriksen flanker, Simon, and Stroop tasks indicate that repetition-priming confounds often remain in these tasks, potentially undermining the conclusions of previous work. We discuss the implications of these findings for ongoing theoretical debates surrounding the CSE.

Optimization of adaptive network economic and mathematical modeling of business planning process control

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Andrey Shorikov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
New Method ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Business Planning ◽  
Planning Processes

The article is devoted to the application of economic and mathematical models of business planning management based on the use of the feedback principle. As the objective function (evaluation toolkit) of the task, the value of the execution time of the entire business project, which must be minimized, is considered. To solve this problem, it is proposed to form a class of admissible strategies for optimal adaptive control of the implementation process; as well as a specific business project using network economic and mathematical modeling is worked out. Within the limits of these strategies, the method of achieving optimal self-adjusting control of business planning processes is determined, the optimal execution time and the optimal timetable for the implementation of the project are determined. The main feature of the proposed new method is the ability to take into account the real conditions for the implementation works of the concrete project, which makes it possible to timely adjust the process of management of business planning and prevent disruptions in its implementation. This method also serves as the basis for constructing numerical algorithms for the development and creating the automated systems for realization of optimal adaptive control of business planning processes. The results obtained are illustrated on a specific business project for opening a public catering enterprise and show a high degree of efficiency in using the new method.

Flexible weighting of body-related effects in action production

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1360-1367
Author(s):  
Guillaume Thébault ◽  
Roland Pfister ◽  
Arthur-Henri Michalland ◽  
Denis Brouillet
Keyword(s):  
Action Planning ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Action Representation ◽  
Loud Tone ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Action Effects ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Weak Influence

A previous study on ideomotor action control showed that predictable action effects in the agent’s environment influenced how an action is carried out. If participants were required to perform a forceful keypress, they exerted more force when these actions would produce a quiet compared to a loud tone, and this observation suggests that anticipated proprioceptive and auditory action effects are integrated with each other during action planning and control. In light of the typically weak influence of body-related effect found in recent work, we aimed to extend this pattern of results to the intra-modal case of integrating proprioceptive/tactile feedback of a movement and following vibro-tactile effects. Our results suggest that the same weighted integration process as for the cross-modal case applies to the intra-modal case. These observations support the idea of a common mechanism which binds all action-related features in an integrated action representation, irrespective of whether these features relate to exafferent or reafferent signals.

scholarly journals Reaching and grasping with the tongue: Shared motor planning between hand actions and articulatory gestures

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2129-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lari Vainio ◽  
Kaisa Tiippana ◽  
Mikko Tiainen ◽  
Aleksi Rantala ◽  
Martti Vainio
Keyword(s):  
Hand Movement ◽  
Precision Grip ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Power Grip ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Planning Processes

Research has shown connections between articulatory mouth actions and manual actions. This study investigates whether forward–backward hand movements could be associated with vowel production processes that programme tongue fronting/backing, lip rounding/spreading (Experiment 1), and/or consonant production processes that programme tongue tip and tongue dorsum actions (Experiment 2). The participants had to perform either forward or backward hand movement and simultaneously pronounce different vowels or consonants. The results revealed a response benefit, measured in vocal and manual reaction times, when the responses consisted of front vowels and forward hand movements. Conversely, back vowels were associated with backward hand movements. Articulation of rounded versus unrounded vowels or coronal versus dorsal consonants did not produce the effect. In contrast, when the manual responses of forward–backward hand movements were replaced by precision and power grip responses, the coronal consonants [t] and [r] were associated with the precision grip, whereas the dorsal consonant [k] was associated with the power grip. We propose that the movements of the tongue body, operating mainly for vowel production, share the directional action planning processes with the hand movements. Conversely, the tongue articulators related to tongue tip and dorsum movements, operating mainly for consonant production, share the action planning processes with the precision and power grip, respectively.

A component analysis of action planning processes in schizophrenia: A comparison with patients with frontal lobe damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Zalla ◽  
Andres Posada ◽  
Nicolas Franck ◽  
Nicolas Georgieff ◽  
Angela Sirigu
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Frontal Lobe Damage ◽  
Planning Processes

scholarly journals Task sets serve as boundaries for the congruency sequence effect.

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 798-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren D. Grant ◽  
Savannah L. Cookson ◽  
Daniel H. Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Congruency Sequence Effect ◽  
Task Sets
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