scholarly journals A 115,000-year-old expedient bone technology at Lingjing, Henan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Doyon ◽  
Li Zhanyang ◽  
Wang Hua ◽  
Lila Geis ◽  
Francesco d'Errico
Keyword(s):  
Long Bone ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Faunal Assemblage ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes ◽  
Stone Knapping

Activities attested since at least 2.6 Myr, such as stone knapping, marrow extraction, and woodworking may have allowed early hominins to recognize the technological potential of discarded skeletal remains and equipped them with a transferable skillset fit for the marginal modification and utilization of bone flakes. Identifying precisely when and where expedient bone tools were used in prehistory nonetheless remains a challenging task owing to the multiple natural and anthropogenic processes that can mimic deliberately knapped bones. Here, we compare a large sample of the faunal remains from Lingjing, a 115 ka-old site from China which has yielded important hominin remains and rich faunal and lithic assemblages, with bone fragments produced by experimentally fracturing Equus caballus long bones. Our results provide a set of qualitative and quantitative criteria that can help zooarchaeologists and bone technologists distinguish faunal remains with intentional flake removal scars from those resulting from carcass processing activities. Experimental data shows marrow extraction seldom generates diaphyseal fragments bearing more than six flake scars arranged contiguously or in interspersed series. Long bone fragments presenting such characteristics can, therefore, be interpreted as being purposefully knapped to be used as expediency tools. The identification, based on the above experimental criteria, of 56 bone tools in the Lingjing faunal assemblage is consistent with the smaller size of the lithics found in the same layer. The continuity gradient observed in the size of lithics and knapped bones suggest the latter were used for tasks in which the former were less or not effective.

Surgical Treatment of Distal Femur Fractures using LISS System

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
D Cherkes-Zade ◽  
M Monesi ◽  
A Causero ◽  
M Marcolini ◽  
D Cherkes-Zade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Operative Trauma ◽  
Early Weight Bearing ◽  
Femur Fractures ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Using Data

Osteosynthesis with LISS system (less invasive stabilization system) is a new technology and this conception of stabilization of long bone fragments is a new step in the development of AO philosophy. Indications to application of this system are distal metaepiphysis and diaphysis femur fractures, supra- and transcondylar fractures in polytrauma, fractures in osteoporosis as well as fractures after total knee replacement. During the last 3 years 35 patients were operated on by that technique. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 3 years. Assessment of outcomes was performed using data of clinical examination and evaluation of radiograms with modified Neer-Grantham-Shelton scale. In patients who were operated on I year ago the total score varied from 70 to 80 (maximum - 100). Advantages of this technology as compared to the traditional methods of osteosynthesis are the following: limited operative trauma, less blood loss, shortening of surgery duration, preservation of tissue physiology as well as absence of the necessity to use cement and bone auto- and allografts. Disadvantages include the difficulty for reposition prior to fixation and impossibility of correction in postoperative period as well as early weight-bearing load.

Palaeolithic Archaeology at the Swan Valley Community School, Swanscombe, Kent

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 219-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Wenban-Smith ◽  
David Bridgland ◽  
Simon Parfitt ◽  
Andrew Haggart ◽  
Phillip Rye
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Volume Controlled ◽  
Valuable Role ◽  
Construction Works ◽  
Palaeolithic Archaeology

This paper reports on the recovery of Palaeolithic flint artefacts and faunal remains from fluvial gravels at the base of a sequence of Pleistocene sediments revealed during construction works at two sites to the south of Swanscombe village, Kent. Although outside the mapped extent of the Boyn Hill/Orsett Heath Formation, the newly discovered deposits can be firmly correlated with the Middle Gravels and Upper Loam from the Barnfield Pit sequence dating to c. 400,000–380,000 BP. This increases greatly the known extent of these deposits, one horizon of which produced the Swanscombe Skull, and has provided more information on their upper part.Comparison of the lithic assemblages from volume-controlled sieving with those from general monitoring demonstrated that artefact collections formed without controlled methods of recovery, such as form the majority of the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic archaeological record, are likely to be disproportionately dominated by larger, more visible, and more collectable neatly-made handaxes to the detriment of more poorly made, asymmetrical handaxes and cores, flakes, and percussors. The lithic assemblage from the fluvial gravel was confirmed as dominated by pointed handaxes, supporting previous studies of artefacts front the equivalent Lower Middle Gravel at Barnfield Pit. The raw material characteristics of the assemblage were investigated, and it was concluded that there was no indication that the preference for pointed shapes could be related to either the shape or source of raw material.This paper also reviews the significance of lithic assemblages from disturbed fluvial contexts, and concludes that, contrary to some current perspectives, they have a valuable role to play complementing less disturbed evidence in developing understanding of the Palaeolithic.

scholarly journals Insect Marks on Bones from La Guillerma Archaeological Locality (Salado River Depression, Buenos Aires, Argentina)

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Paula D. Escosteguy ◽  
Alejandro E. Fernandez ◽  
María Isabel González
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Faunal Assemblage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Salado River ◽  
Bone Remains

The La Guillerma archaeological locality is located in the northeast sector of Buenos Aires province (Argentina). Two of its sites (LG1 and LG5), dated between ca. 1400- and 600-years BP, have a great amount of faunal remains including deer, rodents, fish and small birds that are subjected to taphonomic agents and processes (e.g., weathering, manganese, roots). Previous studies have shown osteophagic behaviour in different insects (e.g., Coleoptera, Blattodea). In this paper, we evaluate their incidence on La Guillerma faunal assemblage. We performed an analysis on marks that were identified in bone remains of various taxa and applied the criteria for identifying bone alteration by insects (i.e., by measuring each trace and comparing them with the types of insect marks described in the literature). Fifteen specimens (LG1 = 6 and LG5 = 9) exhibited different types of modifications (e.g., pits with striae in base, pits with emanating striae, striations) that are related to the action of insects. Although the proportion of affected bones is low in relation to the total sample, we highlight our study as the first detailed analysis of insect marks on archaeological bones from Argentina. We also emphasize the significance of addressing insect-produced modifications on Argentinean archaeological sites.

Qualitative and Quantitative Scintigraphic Imaging to Predict Fracture Healing

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann L. Johnson ◽  
M. Chambers ◽  
C. W. Smith ◽  
S. Kneller ◽  
A. R. Twardock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Scintigraphy ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Fracture Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Fixation Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scintigraphic Assessment

SummaryPurpose: Evaluate the value of 24- hour postoperative quantitative bone scintigraphy to identify devascularized fragments and predict delayed fracture bridging in canine clinical patients; to determine the effect of fracture type, fixation type, age, sex, and weight on fracture bridging and the quantitative scintigraphic ratios; and to evaluate the relationship between qualitative scintigraphic assessment and quantitative scintigraphic ratios. Methods: Forty-two adult dogs, with diaphyseal long bone fractures treated with minimally invasive biological or invasive surgical techniques, were evaluated with 24-hour postoperative bone scintigraphy and six and 12 week postoperative radiographs. Fractured bones were classified as simple, moderately multiple, or severely multiple. Bone scintigrams were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Radiographs were made at six and 12 weeks after the operation and graded as fracture gap(s) bridged or not bridged with bone opacity material. The data was evaluated statistically to determine the relationship between age, sex, and weight of the dogs, fracture type, fixation type, and results of scintigram analysis to fracture bridging at six and 12 weeks. Results: Fourteen of the 42 fractures were bridged at six weeks after the operation and 33 at 12 weeks. Prediction of fracture healing was not possible. There was not any statistical relationship of fracture type, fixation, sex, nor weight to bridged fractures or non-bridged fractures at six and 12 weeks. There was a trend toward more of the fractures with multiple fragments treated with minimally invasive biological techniques to be bridged by 12 weeks when compared to similar fractures treated with invasive techniques. The mean age of dogs with bridged fractures at six and 12 weeks was significantly lower than the mean age of dogs with non-bridged fractures at six and 12 weeks. Qualitative scintigraphic assessment scores were not significantly related to the quantitative scintigraphic ratios or to fracture bridging. Conclusions: Neither qualitative nor quantitative assessment of bone scintigrams 24 hours after the operation could be used to predict fracture bridging at six or 12 weeks postoperatively.The value of 24-hour postoperative qualitative and quantitative bone scintigraphy to predict fracture bridging by 12 weeks in canine clinical patients with diaphyseal long bone fractures was evaluated. Neither qualitative nor quantitative assessment of bone scintigrams 24 hours after the operation could be used to predict fracture bridging by 12 weeks.Supported in part by a grant from the AO Vet Centre, Zurich, Switzerland.

Pioneers in the hills: Early Mesolithic foragers at Šebrn Abri (Istria, Croatia)

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preston Miracle ◽  
Nena Galanidou ◽  
Stašo Forenbaher
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Short Period ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

In this paper, we examine the strategies used by early Mesolithic people as they moved into the karstic uplands of north-eastern Istria, Croatia. These strategies are inferred from detailed analyses of the lithic and faunal assemblages from Šebrn, a small upland rock-shelter occupied for a relatively short period of time in the early Holocene. We conclude that Šebrn's lithic assemblages are in technology and typology relatively homogeneous and can be treated as a single unit (related to the Sauveterrian and Epigravettian, sensu lato). The faunal remains, in contrast, reveal a dynamic situation of temporal changes in the scope and focus of activities on site. Drawing on several lines of evidence from the lithic and faunal assemblages, we suggest that the initial use of the site was intermittent and people who pursued a generalized subsistence strategy visited it. With the passage of time and as people learned about upland environments, they turned to a specialized procurement of red deer. Šebrn became part of a settlement system that related lowlands to uplands and the site gained significance in the cultural landscape as people brought to it expectations about what they would do and how long they would stay.

Faunal remains from recent excavations at Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1), a Late Lower Paleolithic open-air site in the Azraq Basin, Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 768-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Pokines ◽  
Adrian M. Lister ◽  
Christopher J. H. Ames ◽  
April Nowell ◽  
Carlos E. Cordova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Lower Paleolithic ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Late Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Azraq Basin

AbstractExcavations from 2013 to 2015 at the site of Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1) in the Azraq Basin of eastern Jordan have yielded substantial late middle Pleistocene lithic assemblages in association with faunal remains. Faunal preservation is poor, but multiple taxa have been identified, including cf. Panthera leo, Gazella sp., Bos cf. primigenius, Camelus sp., Equus spp., cf. Stephanorhinus hemitoechus, Palaeoloxodon cf. recki, and Elephas cf. hysudricus. The overall Azraq habitat may have been most similar to a savanna ecosystem, with a mixture of open grassland/shrub habitats and more closed vegetation along the wetlands margins. These taxa were drawn to the relatively lush oasis environment, where they were a dietary resource of the hominin groups exploiting the wetlands resources.

Toward Distinguishing Human and Raptor Patterning on Leporid Bones

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Scott Hockett
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
Burned Bone ◽  
Tibia Diaphysis

Prehistoric Native Americans hunted leporids (cottontails and hares) for food, clothing, and to obtain raw material for the manufacture of bone tools such as awls. Leporids are also favorite prey of various carnivores and raptors, hence many archaeological sites may contain leporid bones that were deposited by both human and nonhuman activities. This paper provides data to distinguish specific agents and processes that affected leporid bones in archaeological sites. Human behavior tends to create hare tibia diaphysis cylinders, cut-marked bones, unidentifiable burned bone fragments, and assemblages with predominantly adult leporid bone specimens. In contrast, raptor behavior creates more cottontail tibia diaphysis cylinders, bones with beak and talon punctures on only one side, shearing damage principally to innominates and femora, and high frequencies of forelimb and juvenile bones when leporid bones are deposited mainly in raptor pellets.

scholarly journals The Metabolism of Connective Tissue in Patients with Suppurative Complications after Osteosynthesis of Long Bone Fragments

TRAUMA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
S. Mahomedov ◽  
L.V. Polishchuk ◽  
T.A. Kuzub ◽  
H.B. Kolov ◽  
A.S. Hordii
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Bone Fragments
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