scholarly journals Is There a Fatherhood Wage Premium? A Cautionary Tale from Modified Male-Breadwinner Societies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Mari
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Wage Penalties ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Transition To Fatherhood

The transition to parenthood deepens economic inequalities between women and men. In labour markets, motherhood leads to substantial wage penalties for women, whereas the wage progression of men marches on come fatherhood. Yet relatively little evidence exists on whether fatherhood grants men a wage premium or superior wages spur the transition to fatherhood instead. Also, most longitudinal studies have focused on theUS, neglecting a comparative perspective that may unravel the contextual underpinnings of fatherhood wage premiums (if any). I carry out here a comparative and longitudinal analysis of how fatherhood may affectmen's wages. Micro-level mechanisms supporting the idea of a wage premium - changes in men's work effort, couple specialization, and employer discrimination - are discussed in light of stability and changes in the institutional settings of two modi?ed male-breadwinner societies, the UK and Germany. Empirical evidence in this study, however, cannot support the idea of a causal premium for men, even in such contexts. Rather, I highlight the role of previously neglected sources of selection into fatherhood, particularly on the basis of prior wage growth.

scholarly journals India's Increasing Skill Premium: Role of Demand and Supply

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehtabul Azam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Supply Model ◽  
Demand Shifts

Abstract Using micro data for India from 1983 to 2005, this paper finds that the tertiary (college)-secondary (high school) wage premium has been increasing in India over the past decade and that this increase differs across age groups. The increase in wage premiums has been driven mostly by younger age groups while older age groups have not experienced any significant increase. Using a demand and supply model with imperfect substitution across age groups (developed in Card and Lemieux, 2001), this paper demonstrates that workers are not perfect substitutes across age groups. The paper finds that the increase in the wage premium has come mostly from demand shifts in favor of workers with a tertiary education. More importantly, the growth rate of demand for tertiary educated workers relative to secondary educated workers was fairly stable in the 1980s and the 1990s. However, the relative supply played an important role not only in determining the extent of increase in wage premium, but also its timing. The increase in relative supply of tertiary workers during 1983-1993 negated the demand shift; as a result, the wage premium did not increase much. But during 1993-1999, the growth rate of the relative supply of tertiary workers decelerated, while relative supply became virtually stagnant during 1999-2004. Both these periods saw an increase in the wage premium as the countervailing supply shift was weak.

The Role of Partners and Workplaces in British and Swedish Men’s Parental Leave Decisions

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle Kaufman ◽  
Anna-Lena Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Paternity Leave ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
The Uk

Sweden has been long known for its early introduction of parental leave in the 1970s and the introduction of the first nontransferable “daddy month” in 1995 while the United Kingdom (UK) lagged behind with policies that reflected a strong male breadwinner model until the recent introduction of Additional Paternity Leave, which extended paternity leave up to twenty-six weeks. Our study examines parental leave decisions following the changes in policy, paying particular attention to the role of partners and workplaces. We draw on data from thirty-two interviews with Swedish parents conducted in 2008 and twenty-two interviews with British parents conducted in 2012. We find that mothers in both countries have great influence over parental leave decisions. However, this often perpetuates a much greater gendered division of parental leave in the UK than in Sweden. Furthermore, the British workplace continues to hold very different expectations for male and female employees regarding parental leave, while Swedish employers are generally accepting of men’s use of long parental leave.

scholarly journals Diverging trends of wage inequality in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
João M R Pereira ◽  
Aurora Galego
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Since the middle/end of the 2000s wage inequality has increased in some European countries (such as Portugal or the UK) and decreased in others (especially in Hungary and Poland). In this article, we analyse the role of the minimum wage and of workers’ and firms’ observed characteristics behind these diverging trends in wage inequality. Our findings indicate that compositional changes as regards education are a key factor pushing up inequality in the majority of the countries, but particularly in Italy and Portugal. Other factors either contribute to increased or decreased inequality, specifically minimum wage changes, the percentage of non-native employees and native wage premiums. Minimum wage changes seem to be of crucial importance in Greece, Hungary and Poland. Finally, the presence of non-natives in the labour market is a key determinant in the UK, but also to some extent in Austria and Hungary.

scholarly journals The Challenging Integration Paths of Migrant Health Professionals: The Case of Filipino and Indian Nurses in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Calenda ◽  
Andrea Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
International Recruitment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

This article examines the role of institutional factors in shaping the integration paths of migrant health professionals. For this purpose, it draws on two studies focusing on Filipino and Indian nurses working in the UK, which rely on quantitative and qualitative methods, including a web survey and semi-structured interviews. The analysis shows that inequalities have arisen from differentiation processes induced by changes in the institutional settings. Furthermore, inequalities are often reflected in poor working conditions. The authors have identified restrictive rules on immigration and access to the profession as a source of uncertainty and reveal the differentiation of entry paths, with those arriving through an international recruitment agency more frequently disappointed with their working conditions.

Management of deradicalisation in the UK: reflections of a clinical psychologist

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feryad A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Violent Action ◽  
Clinical Counselling ◽  
The Uk

Radicalisation to violent action is not just a problem in foreign lands. Research has identified numerous politico–psychosocial factors to explain why young people from the UK are now joining terrorist groups such as ISIS. Our understanding has been expanded by the accounts of “returnees” who have subsequently either self-deradicalised or joined a government deradicalisation programme in the role of an Intervention Provider (IP). These individuals are now key to the deradicalisation programme. This article presents the reflections of a clinical psychologist who worked within a social healthcare team managing psychosocial issues related to radicalisation, in conjunction with an allocated IP. The project involved individuals from the Muslim community and, as such, issues discussed are specific to this group. It is acknowledged that the process in general is universally applicable to all groups though specifics may vary (under Trust agreement, details may not be discussed). This article also aims to share basic information on the current Home Office deradicalisation programme and raises questions about the current intervention. It also offers reflections on how the work of IPs may be facilitated and supported by clinical/counselling psychologists and psychotherapists.

Practices of inclusion for carers who are higher education students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Taylor ◽  
Paula Gleeson ◽  
Tania Teague ◽  
Michelle DiGiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Students With A Disability ◽  
Crucial Part

The role of unpaid and informal care is a crucial part of the health and social care system in Australia and internationally. As carers in Australia have received statutory recognition, concerted efforts to foster engagement in carer participation in work and education has followed. However, little is known about the strategies and policies that higher education institutions have implemented to support the inclusion of carers. This study has three components: first, it employs a review of evidence for interventions to support to support carers; second, it reviews existing higher education institutions’ policies to gauge the extent of inclusive support made available to student carers, and; third it conducts interviews with staff from five higher education institutions with concerted carer policies in Australia were held to discuss their institutions’ policies, and experiences as practitioners of carer inclusion and support. Results indicate difficulty in identifying carers to offer support services, the relatively recent measures taken to accommodate carers in higher education, extending similar measures which are in place for students with a disability, and difficulties accommodating flexibility in rigid institutional settings. A synthesis of these findings were used to produce a framework of strategies, policies and procedures of inclusion to support carers in higher education.

Monitoring the marine environment for small round structured viruses (SRSVS): a new approach to combating the transmission of these viruses by molluscan shellfish

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Henshilwood ◽  
J. Green ◽  
D. N. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Human Enteric Virus ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Public Health Protection

This study investigates human enteric virus contamination of a shellfish harvesting area. Samples were analysed over a 14-month period for Small Round Structured Viruses (SRSVs) using a previously developed nested RT-PCR. A clear seasonal difference was observed with the largest numbers of positive samples obtained during the winter period (October to March). This data concurs with the known winter association of gastroenteric illness due to oyster consumption in the UK and also with the majority of the outbreaks associated with shellfish harvested from this area during the study period. RT-PCR positive amplicons were further characterised by cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the positive samples identified eleven SRSV strains, of both Genogroup I and Genogroup II, occurring throughout the study period. Many shellfish samples contained a mixture of strains with a few samples containing up to three different strains with both Genogroups represented. The observed common occurrence of strain mixtures may have implications for the role of shellfish as a vector for dissemination of SRSV strains. These results show that nested RT-PCR can identify SRSV contamination in shellfish harvesting areas. Virus monitoring of shellfish harvesting areas by specialist laboratories using RT-PCR is a possible approach to combating the transmission of SRSVs by molluscan shellfish and could potentially offer significantly enhanced levels of public health protection.

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