scholarly journals Exploring Basic Properties and Applications of Nitrogen-Vacancy Color Centers in Diamond

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauli Kehayias
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Phonon Modes ◽  
Saturation Spectroscopy ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Relaxation Experiment ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Spectroscopy Experiment

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect centers in diamond have generated much interest for their uses in quantum information and sensing. Despite the ongoing improvements in sensitivity and the range of new applications, much about the NV basic physics remains unresolved, which is important to understand in order to fully exploit potential uses. In this work I describe a series of experiments on NV basic properties, applications, and projects in between. First, I describe an NV singlet absorption spectroscopy experiment, which searched for additional NV electronic states and studied the 1A1 phonon modes. Next, I discuss an NV microwave saturation spectroscopy experiment, which is useful for NV thermometry, removes inhomogeneous broadening, and can yield information about diamond magnetic spin bath dynamics. I then describe an NV relaxation experiment that senses GHz-frequency magnetic noise, which we demonstrated using paramagnetic substitutional nitrogen (P1) centers. Finally, I describe open questions on the NV singlet states, saturation spectroscopy, and relaxation (and how to address them), and report on my ongoing work on using NVs for nuclear polarization and rotation sensing.

Scanned-probe microscope roughness spectroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
P. Fraundorf ◽  
B. Armbruster
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Scanning Force ◽  
Probe Microscope

Air based scanning tunneling and scanning force microscopes are capable of producing images very easily, but oft-times that is all that they produce. Since microscopic regions of specimens of course differ in detail from one to another, often judgements about how two regions differ fundamentally are left to qualitative intuition. Given a quarter of a million numbers, in the case of a typical large SPM image, we should be able to quantitatively compare the statistical properties evidenced therein from one specimen to another. Such quantitative insight may also yield information on artifacts (like timedomain noise and feedback-loop effects) in an image. To accomplish this most intuitively, we recommend simply decomposing the rms height variations in the specimen into two and one dimensional (azimuthally averaged) logarithmic (per decade frequency) roughness spectra. The basic properties of such a decomposition of topographic images are discussed in a paper submitted separately to this conference. We here discuss scanned probe microscope results.

STATICITY, CIRCULARITY, AND THE FIRST LAW OF BLACK HOLE PHYSICS

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARKUS HEUSLER ◽  
NORBERT STRAUMANN
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Physics ◽  
Gauge Field Theories ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Boundary Integrals ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Rotating Black Holes ◽  
Higgs Fields

We give a brief summary of some of our ongoing work on stationary black holes for non-linear matter models, such as gauge field theories (including Higgs fields) or general sigma models. Our main result is a generalization of the Bardeen-Carter-Hawking formula for the variation of the mass of stationary black holes, which involves only global quantities and boundary integrals. Results and open questions related to the staticity problem for non-rotating black holes, and to the circularity and Frobenius conditions for rotating ones, are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Implicit social cognition: A brief (and gentle) introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedek Kurdi ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Implicit Social Cognition ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

Over the past three decades, implicit social cognition research has flourished and has produced myriad novel insights into the automatic operation of social attitudes (evaluations) and stereotypes (beliefs). In this chapter, we provide an overview of what we regard to be significant and settled issues as well as the most pressing open questions that remain. Following a brief historical overview, we address (a) basic findings, such as mean levels of and demographic variation in implicit bias; (b) the relationship of implicit attitudes and stereotypes with other measures, including explicit attitudes and stereotypes and other forms of intergroup behavior; (c) the neural underpinnings of implicit bias; (d) questions of stability and change at different levels of analysis, including developmental stability, situational malleability, the prospect of long-term change within a single individual, and societal-level change; and (e) ongoing work and stimulating new developments, including aggregate-level analyses, the role of language, and questions about the representational format of implicit attitudes and stereotypes.

scholarly journals Microwave saturation spectroscopy of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kehayias ◽  
M. Mrózek ◽  
V. M. Acosta ◽  
A. Jarmola ◽  
D. S. Rudnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Saturation Spectroscopy

scholarly journals On Basic Properties of Jumping Finite Automata

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Vorel
Keyword(s):  
Finite Automata ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Closure Properties ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Open Questions

We complete the initial study of jumping finite automata, which was started in a former article of Meduna and Zemek [7]. The open questions about basic closure properties are solved. Besides this, we correct erroneous results presented in the article. Finally, we point out important relations between jumping finite automata and some other models studied in the literature.

scholarly journals Quasireducible operators

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (31) ◽  
pp. 1993-2002
Author(s):  
C. S. Kubrusly
Keyword(s):  
Invariant Subspace ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Hyponormal Operators ◽  
Subspace Problem ◽  
Invariant Subspace Problem

We introduce the concept ofquasireducibleoperators. Basic properties and illustrative examples are considered in some detail in order to situate the class of quasireducible operators in its due place. In particular, it is shown thatevery quasinormal operator is quasireducible. The following result links this class with the invariant subspace problem:essentially normal quasireducible operators have a nontrivial invariant subspace, which implies thatquasireducible hyponormal operators have a nontrivial invariant subspace.The paper ends with some open questions on the characterization of the class of all quasireducible operators.

scholarly journals A Solar Flare Observed with the Smm and Einstein Satellites

1989 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-373
Author(s):  
J. H. M. M. Schmitt ◽  
J. R. Lemen ◽  
D. Zarro
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

AbstractWe present X-ray observations of the 21 July, 1980 flare which was observed both with the Einstein Observatory Imaging Proportional Counter (IPC) and the X-Ray Polychromator (XRP) and Gamma-Ray Spectrometer onboard the SMM satellite. The Einstein observations were obtained in scattered X-ray light, i.e., in X-rays scattered off the Earth's atmosphere. In this way it is possible to obtain spatially unresolved X-ray data of a solar flare with the same instrument that observed many X-ray flares on other stars. This paper juxtaposes the results and implications of the ‘stellar interpretation’ to those obtained from the far more detailed SMM observations. The result of this ‘calibration’ observation is that the basic properties of the flaring plasma can be reliably determined from the ‘stellar’ data, however, the basic physics issues can only be studied through models.

scholarly journals Towards a Better Understanding of Active Galactic Nuclei

1998 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
P. Padovani
Keyword(s):  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Class I ◽  
Sky Surveys ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Γ Ray

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are ideal sources for multi-wavelength studies as their emission can cover almost 20 orders of magnitude in frequency from the radio to the γ-ray band. After reviewing their basic properties, I will assess how well we know the multifrequency spectra of AGN as a class. I will then briefly illustrate how currently available and forthcoming sky surveys will help in addressing some of the open questions of AGN studies. Finally, an analysis of the problem of the missing Type 2 QSO will exemplify the dangers of monochromatic sky surveys for AGN.

Luminescence from individual dislocations in II-VI and III-V semiconductors

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
J W Steeds
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Luminescence Properties ◽  
Carrier Recombination ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Semiconducting Compounds ◽  
Diamond Group ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Technological Significance

There is a wide range of experimental results related to dislocations in diamond, group IV, II-VI, III-V semiconducting compounds, but few of these come from isolated, well-characterized individual dislocations. We are here concerned with only those results obtained in a transmission electron microscope so that the dislocations responsible were individually imaged. The luminescence properties of the dislocations were studied by cathodoluminescence performed at low temperatures (~30K) achieved by liquid helium cooling. Both spectra and monochromatic cathodoluminescence images have been obtained, in some cases as a function of temperature.There are two aspects of this work. One is mainly of technological significance. By understanding the luminescence properties of dislocations in epitaxial structures, future non-destructive evaluation will be enhanced. The second aim is to arrive at a good detailed understanding of the basic physics associated with carrier recombination near dislocations as revealed by local luminescence properties.

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