Ethical Decision Making Based On The Literature Review Of Ford & Richardson 1962 - 1993

The objective of this study is to review ethical judgments of Accountants from 1962 to 1993. The research uses the literature review of Ford and Richardson, 1994 on the empirical ethical decision making. The results show that ethical factors individual, situational, organizational influencing ethical decision making (EDM) are organizational effects, organizational size, and peer group influence and Machiavellinism is also the significant factor in individual EDM

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The Role of Moral Intensity and Personal Moral Philosophies in the Ethical Decision Making of Marketers: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of China and the United States

Journal of International Marketing ◽

10.1509/jimk.15.2.86 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 86-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Jatinder J. Singh ◽

Scott J. Vitell ◽

Jamal Al-Khatib ◽

Irvine Clark

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Decision Making ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

The United States ◽

Moral Intensity ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Ethical Judgments ◽

Moral Philosophies ◽

The Relationship

This study uses cross-cultural samples from the United States and China to replicate previous empirical findings regarding the relationship among moral philosophies, moral intensity, and ethical decision making. The authors use a two-step structural equations modeling approach to analyze the measurement and structural models. The findings partially replicate those from previous studies and provide evidence that the measurement model is somewhat invariant across the two groups studied but the structural model is not. In addition, there is evidence that the relationship between personal moral philosophies (mainly relativism) and moral intensity varies across the two cultures. That is, whereas relativism is a significant predictor of moral intensity for the Chinese sample, it is not for the U.S. sample. However, idealism is a significant predictor of perceived moral intensity for both samples of marketing practitioners. Finally, perceived moral intensity is a significant, direct predictor of ethical judgments, and ethical judgments are a significant, direct predictor of behavioral intentions in both instances.

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Artificial Intelligence in Marketing

Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics - Handbook of Research on Applied Data Science and Artificial Intelligence in Business and Industry ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-6985-6.ch016 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 342-365

Author(s):

Özge Sığırcı

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Decision Making ◽

Consumer Behavior ◽

Literature Review ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Previous Literature ◽

Human Interactions ◽

Consumer Vulnerability ◽

Shed Light

The purpose of this chapter is to shed light on the consumer-AI interaction in the marketplace. By this aim, the chapter uses a literature review approach. The previous literature examining AI from a consumer behavior perspective is reviewed, and the findings are compiled in a meaningful flow. According to the review, we see that the traditional marketplace is shaped by AI from only human-to-human interactions to human-to-AI and AI-to-AI interactions. In this new marketplace, while consumers interact with AI, they gain new experiences and feel positive or negative because of these experiences. Also, they build different relationships with AI, such as servant, master, or partner. Besides these relationships, there are still concerns about AI that are related to privacy, algorithmic biases, consumer vulnerability, unemployment, and ethical decision making.

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Consequences of basing ethical judgments on heuristics

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x00042904 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 322-323

Author(s):

R. O. Lindsay ◽

Barbara Gorayska

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Action Planning ◽

Cognitive System ◽

Ethical Principles ◽

Ethical Judgments ◽

The Cost

AbstractBaron assumes that ethical decision-making can be evaluated without specifying more general features of the cognitive system within which it occurs. It is suggested that ethical principles are heuristics employed during goal-oriented action planning. Heuristics are bound to generate suboptimal decisions in some cases. It is rational to replace a particular heuristic only when the cost of associated error exceeds the cost of constructing and installing a more successful alternative.

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In The United States Accounting Profession, Will Minorities Make Different Ethical Decisions?

Journal of Diversity Management (JDM) ◽

10.19030/jdm.v5i3.812 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne J. Rich ◽

Paul H. Mihalek

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Decision Making ◽

Minority Students ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Peer Group ◽

The United States ◽

Accounting Profession ◽

Cultural Backgrounds ◽

Ethical Decisions

The United States has long been referred to as a melting pot. People from all cultures bring to our business world their values and beliefs. For the past two decades, accounting organizations have reached out and supported the education of minorities. Academic research in the area of ethical decision making has attempted to highlight factors that contribute to differences in ethical decision making. Culture, and possibly, religion have been the key variables examined as a basis for differences in an individual’s ethical decisions. As more and more minorities enter the profession of accounting in the United States, an important question that should be answered is “Will American minorities approach ethical situations similarly to that of their non-minority American peer group?”, or will their cultural backgrounds influence their ethical norms? This paper presents a research study that opens this conversation. As minorities are entering the accounting profession, it is reasonable to expect that Americans from different cultural backgrounds may react differently to ethical dilemmas. However, research on ethical beliefs of minority business and accounting students is rare. The authors developed a survey to determine if there were differences in ethical values based on ethnicity. It was tested using materials provided by KPMG. The survey used a case involving a student lying on his resume. It asked for answers to seven ethical situations and seven activities. The survey was administered in two different major- level accounting classes at a large public university. The results of the study show that minority and non-minority students generally agree on ethical issues and their likely action when a classmate lies on a resume in the process of getting a job. However, there were some interesting differences in the magnitude and direction of the responses by minority and non-minority students. Our findings also suggest that Minority students are more sensitive to ethical transgressions by their peers and feel more negatively impacted if someone lies in the process of getting a job. Accountants are often in a position where they must report violations. Our study suggests students from all backgrounds should engage in discussions about lying and suggest ways to deal with reporting such unethical behavior to authorities.

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Ethical considerations of Bedouin Arab school leaders: Negotiating Eurocentric and indigenous decision-making values

Educational Management Administration & Leadership ◽

10.1177/1741143220913556 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 174114322091355

Author(s):

Ori Eyal ◽

Rima’a Da’as ◽

Izhak Berkovich

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Educational Administration ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

School Leaders ◽

Minority Group ◽

Ethical Considerations ◽

Ethical Judgments ◽

Bachelor Of Education ◽

Ethical Perspectives

Ethical considerations have been examined in American and European school management research, but indigenous and comparative aspects have largely been understudied. To better understand the ethical decision-making of indigenous school leaders, the present research aims to examine the ethical considerations of one such minority group – Bedouin Arab educators in Israel – and to compare their ethical decision-making with that of their counterparts in Israel’s Jewish majority. The research utilized the pre-designed multiple Ethical Perspectives Instrument, which requires participants to resolve school dilemmas by choosing one of two given ethical perspectives taken from the following six: fairness, utilitarianism, care, critique, profession and community. Two exploratory studies were carried out: Study 1 examined the ethical judgments of Bedouin bachelor of education (BEd) students ( n = 28), and their perceptions of the ethical judgments of hypothesized Bedouin school leaders. Study 2 compared the ethical judgments of Bedouin ( n = 30) and Jewish ( n = 39) masters (MA) educational administration students. Bedouin undergraduates reported care and critique as their own dominant ethical preferences, but viewed utilitarian considerations as being dominant among hypothesized Bedouin school leaders. Among the graduate students, utilitarian considerations were more dominant among the Bedouin group than the Jewish group. The implications of the findings are discussed.

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