scholarly journals Morphology of the vertebral artery in Asian population

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Alfaouri-Kornieieva ◽  
Azmy M Al-Hadidi
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Distal Loop ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
The Brain

Background: Recent clinical trials have shown a rising trend of stroke in Asian population. Approximately 20% strokes of total occur at the vertebrobasilar basin that supplies the occipital lobes of the brain, the cerebellum, and the brainstem. The anatomical features and variability of the third segment of the vertebral artery (VA) in Asians are analyzed in this study. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 68 consecutive Asian patients underwent MRA examination for head and neck in the Department of Radiology of Hospital of University of Jordan from 1.10.2011 to 30.04.2012. The 116 VA were analyzed on the obtained angiograms. Results: The third segment (V3) of the VA was studied according to its conventional division into vertical, horizontal, and oblique parts. The mean outer diameter of the V3 varied up 3.18 ± 0.73 to 4.28 ± 1.08 mm. The parameter prevailed on the left in 91% cases and was greater in males, than in females. The distal loop of the VA projected downward in 26 cases on the right (78%) and in 28 cases on the left (74%). The tortuosity of loop?formations of V3 was evaluated subject to angles between their ascending and descending bends. Conclusion: In comparison with other ethnic groups, the V3 of the VA in Asians has lesser outer diameter, especially along its oblique part; the zero?distance between the occipital bone and horizontal segment of VA occurs more often (up to 26%); the Lang’s III type of V3 variability is the most common in Asians. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.6150 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 84-88

scholarly journals Neurosurgery (Neuro Interventional)

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S43-S44
Author(s):  
JJ Shankar ◽  
L Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Incomplete Coverage ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
The Right

Purpose: CTA is becoming the frontline modality to reveal aneurysms in patients with SAH. However, in about 20% of SAH patients no aneurysm is found. In these cases, intra-arterial DSA is still performed. Our aim was to evaluate whether negative findings on CTA can reliably exclude aneurysms in patients with acute SAH. Materials and Method: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all DSA performed from August 2010 to July 2014 in patients with various indications. We selected patient who presented with SAH and had a negative CTA. Findings of the CTA were compared with DSA. Results: 857 DSA were performed during the study period. 51(5.95%) patients with SAH and negative findings on CTA who underwent subsequent DSA were identified. Of these, only 3(5.9%) of patients had positive findings on the DSA. One patient had a posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm on the DSA, not seen on CTA due to the incomplete coverage of the head. Second patient’ CTA did not show any evidence of aneurysm. DSA showed suspicious dissection of the right vertebral artery, potentially iatrogenic. The third patient’s DSA showed suspicious tiny protuberance from left ICA, possibly infundibulum. Conclusion: In patients with SAH, negative CTA findings are reliable in ruling out aneurysms in any pattern of SAH on CT.

scholarly journals 5. Notes more especially on the Bridging Convolutions in the Brain of the Chimpanzee

1866 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 578-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Great Weight ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
The Third ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
The Brain

The late Professor Gratiolet, in his elaborate and beautifully illustrated memoir, “Sur les Plis Cérébraux de l'Homme et des Primates,” attaches great weight in his differential diagnosis of their cerebral characters to the presence or absence of one or more members of a series of convolutions, which he designates as the plis de passage. When present, these convolutions bridge over the external perpendicular fissure of the hemisphere, and connect the parietal and temporal with the occipital lobes. By various anatomists in this country they are called bridging, connecting, or annectent convolutions. In the brain of the Chimpanzee M. Gratiolet states that the first bridging convolution is altogether wanting; that the second is present, but concealed under the operculum of the occipital lobe; that the third and fourth are superficial.

scholarly journals A history of the path towards imaging of the brain: From skull radiography through cerebral angiography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Kamal ◽  
Edward J. Fine ◽  
Banafsheh Shakibajahromi ◽  
Ashkan Mowla
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Frontal Horn ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
The Brain

This publication reviews the steps in the path towards obtaining a complete image of the brain. Up to the 1920s, plain X-ray films could demonstrate only calcified tumors, shifts in midline position of a calcified pineal gland due to a mass in the cranium, or foreign metallic objects within the skull. Walter Dandy reported in 1918 that he visualized cerebral ventricles by introducing air as a contrast agent through a trocar into one of the occipital lobes or the right frontal horn of the ventricular system. Dandy localized lesions that distorted or shifted the ventricles. In 1920, Dandy placed air by lumbar puncture into the spinal subarachnoid space that could visualize the brain and entire ventricles. Antonio Egas Moniz with the assistance of his neurosurgeon colleague, Almeida Lima, obtained X-ray images of cerebral arteries of dogs and decapitated human heads from corpses after injecting strontium bromide into their carotid arteries. Satisfied by these experiments, Moniz injected strontium bromide directly into carotid arteries of five patients which failed to show intracranial vessels. In the sixth patient, intracranial arteries were outlined but that patient died of cerebral thrombosis presumably due to the hyper- osmolality of that contrast agent. Finally, on June 18, 1927, Moniz injected 22% sodium iodine into a 20-year-old man and obtained clear visualization of his carotid artery and intracerebral branches after temporarily occluding the artery with a ligature. 

scholarly journals Case Report: A 62-Year-Old Woman With Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy Caused by Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysm

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Pengfei Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
Supportive Management ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Benign Course

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication of endovascular treatment and is extensively reported as a transient and reversible phenomenon. This report describes a 62-year-old woman for embolization of an internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm. The operation was successful, but postoperation the patient suffered unconsciousness, blindness, hemiplegia, ophthalmoplegia, fever, and seizures. CT of the brain without the contrast showed widespread edema in the right cerebral hemisphere, which is involved in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. She was diagnosed with CIE in time and treated with supportive management as soon as possible, and fortunately, the patient improved a benign course and was discharged without any neurological deficits. This study emphasizes the prevention of the CIE and the importance of early diagnosis and symptomatic treatment.

scholarly journals Endovascular treatment of a patient with traumatic dissection lesions of both vertebral arteries obtained during chiropractic manipulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Cherednychenko ◽  
A.Yu. Miroshnychenko ◽  
L.A. Dzyak ◽  
N.A. Zorin ◽  
S.P. Grygoruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Angiography ◽  
Left Vertebral Artery ◽  
Chiropractic Manipulation ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Coordination Disorders ◽  
Cerebellar Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

The observation of endovascular treatment of a 34-year-old woman with bilateral dissection lesions of vertebral arteries in V4-segments with occlusion of the right vertebral artery and right posterior inferior cerebellar artery, severe stenosis of the left vertebral artery caused by chiropractic manipulation in the neck region is described. There are intensive staticolocomotor and dynamic coordinating insufficiency, severe neck pain, headache, severe dizziness, Wallenberg syndrome, moderate central tetraparesis. MRI of the brain on the DWI Isotropic identified the hyperintensive round-shaped foci in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum, in the right side of cerebellum worm, in the right side of the medulla oblongata and in the right side of the pons (DWI BSS 3). Selective cerebral angiography was performed an hour after the clinic manifestation. Simultaneously, balloon angioplasty of severe dissection stenosis was performed in the V4-segment of the left vertebral artery by the compliant balloon-catheter Scepter C. In 18 hours from the development of vertebral artery dissection, self-expending stent LVIS was implanted into the left vertebral artery in the zone of dissection lesion. On the control angiograms: the left vertebral artery patency is restored without stenosis all along. The stent is fully opened. A second contrast contour is determined outside the stent in the dissection zone. All the arteries of the vertebrobasilar basin above the vertebrobasilar junction are passable. The V4-segment of the right vertebral artery is contrasted through the vertebrobilar junction. There was a rapid regression of neurological symptoms in the postoperative period. Only mild hypoesthesia on the right side in the outer Sölder’s zone, light coordination disorders on the right were remained. Control selective cerebral angiography revealed recanalization of the right vertebral artery and the right posterior cerebellar artery. But distal basin of the right posterior cerebellar artery is very poorly. The left vertebral artery is passable all over, but in the place of the former dissection, two equivalent arterial «sleeves» were formed according to the fenestration type. One «sleeve» is formed by a stent, the other — outside. All arteries of the vertebrobasilar basin are contrasted. The mild hemihepesthesia on the right side of the face in the outer Sölder’s zone, light coordination disorders on the right are remained. Implantation of the self-expanding stent LVIS allowed to restore the dominant vertebral artery and restrict ischemic brain damage in the brain stem and cerebellum in a patient with a both vertebral arteries dissection lesion caused by chiropractic neck manipulations.

Language and Reading in the Right Hemisphere: Highways or Byways of the Brain?

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Baynes
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reading Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Normal Reading ◽  
Reading Errors ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
The Right ◽  
Disconfirming Evidence ◽  
The Brain

The literature pertaining to the representation of language in the right hemisphere of hemispherectomy and callosotomy patients is reviewed to ascertain whether it provides an empirical basis for the assertions that (1) the right hemisphere participates in the recovery of language in aphasia, (2) the right hemisphere mediates the reading errors of deep dyslexic and pure alexic patients, and (3) the right hemisphere plays a fixed role in normal reading processes. At present, there appears to be some support for the first assertion, limited support for the second (if individual variation in representation can be accepted), and disconfirming evidence for the third in the data from these populations.

scholarly journals Variant course of right vertebral artery - a case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 237-239
Author(s):  
Nirmala D. ◽  
Anjali Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe Vertebral artery is the first branch of subclavian artery. It is an important source of blood supply to the brain. During dissection of an adult male cadaver, a unilateral variation in the course of Vertebral artery was found. The right Vertebral artery took origin from the subclavian artery and entered foramen transversarium of fourth cervical vertebra. An understanding of the variability of the Vertebral artery remains most important in angiography & surgical procedures where an incomplete knowledge of its anatomy can lead to complications.

scholarly journals Joseph Warren: a discussion of his life and analysis of his death

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. E13
Author(s):  
Ryan Holland ◽  
Victor M. Sabourin ◽  
Chirag D. Gandhi ◽  
Peter W. Carmel ◽  
Charles J. Prestigiacomo
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exit Wound ◽  
Bullet Wound ◽  
Bunker Hill ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

As his fellow soldiers ran past him, Joseph Warren stood bravely on Bunker Hill. It was June 17, 1775, and British troops were fighting the colonists in one of the early battles of the American Revolution. The British had already attempted two major assaults that day, and the third would end with Warren’s death. He was a medical doctor, public figure, and general who spent his life and last living moments fighting for freedom for the American colonists. After the battle, there was much confusion about what had happened to Joseph Warren. Some thought he had survived the battle; other accounts differed on how exactly he had died. The details of the events on Bunker Hill remained a mystery until the following year, when Paul Revere helped identify Warren’s body by the false teeth that had been implanted years earlier. Warren’s remains showed that his head had been struck by a bullet. Analysis of the skull helped to sift through the differing tales of Warren’s death and thus unveil the truth about what occurred that day. The smaller bullet wound in the left maxilla suggests that he was not shot while retreating with the rest of the soldiers. The larger exit wound in the right occiput illustrates that the bullet’s trajectory crossed the midline of the brain and most likely injured the brainstem. Therefore, contrary to rumors that circulated at the time, Joseph Warren most likely was killed instantly at the Battle of Bunker Hill while heroically facing his enemy.

scholarly journals Bilateral Variation in the Origin and Course of the Vertebral Artery

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aprajita Sikka ◽  
Anjali Jain
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Left Vertebral Artery ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
The Right

Understanding the great vessels of the aortic arch and their variations is important for both the endovascular interventionist and the diagnostic radiologist. An understanding of the variability of the vertebral artery remains most important in angiography and surgical procedures where an incomplete knowledge of anatomy can lead to serious implications. In the present case, a bilateral variation in the origin and course of vertebral artery was observed. The left vertebral artery took origin from the arch of aorta and entered the foramen transversarium of the fourth cervical vertebra. The right vertebral artery took origin from the right subclavian artery close to its origin and entered the foramen transversarium of the third cervical vertebra. The literature on the variations of the artery is studied and its clinical significance and ontogeny is discussed.

scholarly journals ANOMALOUS PREVERTEBRAL COURSE OF THE LEFT VERTEBRAL ARTERY. Recorrido prevertebral anómalo de la arteria vertebral izquierda

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Prakash B Billakanti
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Left Vertebral Artery ◽  
Thoracic Region ◽  
Developmental Mechanism ◽  
Arch Of The Aorta ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Variant Anatomy ◽  
Insight Into

La arteria vertebral es una de las arterias que irriga el cerebro. El conocimiento de la anatomía normal y las variantes de la arteria vertebral adquiere importancia en la práctica clínica y la radiología vascular. El origen anómalo de la arteria vertebral del arco de la aorta o cualquiera de las arterias del cuello ha sido reportado por muchos autores. En este informe se presenta una variación del curso prevertebral de la arteria vertebral izquierda. La arteria vertebral tenía su origen habitual en la arteria subclavia con un largo curso prevertebral y entraba en el foramen transversarium de la vértebra CII. El origen y recorrido de la arteria vertebral en el lado derecho fue normal. Clínicamente es importante conocer el origen y curso del segmento prevertebral de la arteria vertebral y las posibles variaciones. El presente informe debería ser de interés para el médico vascular con respecto a las variaciones en el cuello y región torácica, y puede dar idea para dilucidar el mecanismo de desarrollo de la angiogénesis. Vertebral artery is one of the arteries supplying the brain. Knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy of the vertebral artery assumes importance in clinical practice and vascular radiology. Anomalous origins of the vertebral artery from the arch of the aorta or any one of the arteries of the neck have been reported by several authors. In this report a variation of the prevertebral course of the left vertebral artery is being presented. The Vertebral artery had usual origin from the subclavian artery and had a longer prevertebral course to enter the foramen transversarium of the CII vertebra. The origin and course of the vertebral artery on the right side was normal. It is clinically important to know the origin and course of the prevertebral segment of the vertebral artery and possible variations. The present report should be of interest for clinicians with regard to vascular variations in the neck and thoracic region, and may give insight into elucidating the developmental mechanism of angiogenesis.

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