Sexual and reproductive health of low income adolescence girls in Nepal: can education be a catalyst?

Gender Based Violence ◽

Western Development ◽

Development Region ◽

Low Income Families ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Using Data

Using data from five districts of Mid-Western and Far-Western Development Region, this paper reaches to conclusion that education has significant and influential roles in determining the sexual and reproductive health of adolescence girls, particularly of those who are from low income families. A rough ‘U’ shaped relationship between education and reporting of health problems and gender-based violence was observed.Key words: Sexual and reproductive health; Low income adolescence; Girls; Nepal; Education; CatalystEconomic Journal of Development IssuesVol. 11 & 12 No. 1-2 (2010) Combined IssuePage: 92-98Uploaded date: 10 April, 2012

Social Norms Diagnostic Tool: Sexual and reproductive health and rights and gender-based violence

10.21201/2020.6843 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Social Norms ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Gender Based ◽

Gender-based violence and sexual and reproductive health among low-income youth in three Brazilian cities

Reproductive Health Matters ◽

10.1016/j.rhm.2016.06.009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (47) ◽

pp. 141-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alessandra Sampaio Chacham ◽

Andrea Branco Simao Simão ◽

André Junqueira Caetano

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Low Income ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Gender Based

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the Pacific

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1010539521998854 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101053952199885

Author(s):

Angela Dawson ◽

Alec Ekeroma ◽

Avelina Rokoduru ◽

Donald Wilson ◽

Nguyen Toan Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Short Communication ◽

Pacific Island ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Reproductive Health Care ◽

Unintended Pregnancies ◽

The Pacific ◽

Gender Based ◽

This short communication explores the challenges and ways forward for the delivery of sexual and reproductive health care in Pacific Island countries during the pandemic and the responses in relation to contraception, the management of unintended pregnancies, and gender-based violence.

Delivery of sexual and reproductive health interventions in conflict settings: a systematic review

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. e002206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariella Munyuzangabo ◽

Dina Sami Khalifa ◽

Michelle F Gaffey ◽

Mahdis Kamali ◽

Fahad J Siddiqui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Low Income ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Health Staff ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Community Based ◽

Intervention Coverage ◽

Conflict Settings ◽

Gender Based

BackgroundIt is essential to provide comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions to women affected by armed conflict, but there is a lack of evidence on effective approaches to delivering such interventions in conflict settings. This review synthesised the available literature on SRH intervention delivery in conflict settings to inform potential priorities for further research and additional guidance development.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases using terms related to conflict, women and children, and SRH. We searched websites of 10 humanitarian organisations for relevant grey literature. Publications reporting on conflict-affected populations in low-income and middle-income countries and describing an SRH intervention delivered during or within 5 years after the end of a conflict were included. Information on population, intervention and delivery characteristics were extracted and narratively synthesised. Quantitative data on intervention coverage and effectiveness were tabulated, but no meta-analysis was undertaken.Results110 publications met our eligibility criteria. Most focused on sub-Saharan Africa and displaced populations based in camps. Reported interventions targeted family planning, HIV/STIs, gender-based violence and general SRH. Most interventions were delivered in hospitals and clinics by doctors and nurses. Delivery barriers included security, population movement and lack of skilled health staff. Multistakeholder collaboration, community engagement and use of community and outreach workers were delivery facilitators. Reporting of intervention coverage or effectiveness data was limited.DiscussionThere is limited relevant literature on adolescents or out-of-camp populations and few publications reported on the use of existing guidance such as the Minimal Initial Services Package. More interventions for gender-based violence were reported in the grey than the indexed literature, suggesting limited formal research in this area. Engaging affected communities and using community-based sites and personnel are important, but more research is needed on how best to reach underserved populations and to implement community-based approaches.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019125221.

Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2020-054896 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. sextrans-2020-054896

Author(s):

Navin Kumar ◽

Kamila Janmohamed ◽

Kate Nyhan ◽

Laura Forastiere ◽

Wei-Hong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Health Disparities ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Sexual Health ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Gender Based ◽

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.

Sexual and Reproductive Health in China

10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.013.224 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qianling Zhou ◽

Chu-Yao Jin ◽

Hai-Jun Wang

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Sexual Transmission ◽

Induced Abortion ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

The Disabled ◽

Gender Based ◽

Contraceptive Practice ◽

Hiv Aids

Databases of PubMed, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were used to search relevant articles on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in China published from 2005 to the present (2021), based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Operational Framework on Sexual Health and Its Linkages to Reproductive Health. The following results were found. (a) SRH education and information among the Chinese were insufficient, in particular regarding contraception, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Adolescents, migrants, and the rural population had insufficient knowledge of SRH. (b) Fertility care services were mainly available in large cities, in urban areas, and for married couples. Services targeted for rural-to-urban migrants, rural residents, and the disabled and elderly are needed. (c) A total of 22.4% of youths aged 15–24 had premarital sexual intercourse, and the age of first sexual intercourse was decreasing. Risky sexual behaviors included multiple partners, casual and commercial sex, and having sex after drinking alcohol. (d) The contraceptive practice rate of women aged 15–49 in China was higher than the world’s corresponding figure. However, contraceptive use among young people was low (only 32.3% among unmarried women). (e) Unmarried pregnancy induced by low contraceptive practice is a critical issue in China. (f) Induced abortion was the major consequence of unmarried pregnancy. The rate of induced abortion among the general population in 2016 was 28.13‰, and the rate among unmarried women was increasing annually. (g) There were 958,000 HIV-infected cases in China as of October 2019. Sexual transmission was the major transmission route of HIV-AIDS. More men than women were infected. Men having sex with men comprised the high-risk group of sexual transmission of HIV-AIDS. (h) Gender-based violence including intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual violence, sexual coercion, and child sexual abuse (CSA) might be underreported in China, since many victims were afraid to seek help as well as due to limited services. Legal and regulatory measures should therefore be taken to prevent and reduce gender-based violence. For future perspectives of SRH in China, it is important to pay attention to SRH education and services. An up-to-date national survey on SRH is needed to reflect the current situation and to capture changes over the past decade. Most of the current research has been conducted among adolescents, and more studies are needed among other groups, such as the disabled, the elderly, and homosexual populations.

Criminalization and International Human Rights

Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting ◽

10.1017/amp.2019.37 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 83-84

Author(s):

Alice M. Miller

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

International Human Rights ◽

Human Rights Abuses ◽

Human Rights Advocacy ◽

International Human ◽

Gender Based ◽

Human rights advocacy today engages with criminal law at international and national levels with a new and rather conflicted posture. It is reorienting from an approach that primarily treated human rights as a shield from (unjust) prosecutorial and carceral power, and toward one calling for criminal penalties and vigorous prosecutions as a remedy for harms. The human rights abuses for which state prosecution is invoked today include not only past and present state violations, such as torture, but crimes by non-state actors, such as sexual and gender-based violence. At the same time, paradoxically, many rights groups are calling for the review and reduction of criminal regulation of a range of sexual and reproductive health practices, including abortion, consensual sexual conduct outside of marriage (same sex, heterosexual, and sex for money), and HIV transmission.