scholarly journals Halting Forest Encroachment in Terai: What Role for Community Forestry?

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Prabin Bhusal ◽  
Naya Sharma Paudel ◽  
Anukram Adhikary ◽  
Jisan Karki ◽  
Kamal Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local Livelihoods

This paper highlights the lessons of using adaptive learning in community forestry that effectively help to resolve forest based conflicts in Terai region of Nepal. The paper is based on a three-year action research carried out in Terai. Qualitative methods including participatory rural appraisal tools and documentation of engaged action and reflections were used. Methods and tools that largely fall under adaptive learning were deployed. The field data was complemented by review of secondary data and literature on environmental history of Terai. We found that policies on land and forest in Terai for the last fifty years have induced and aggravated conflicts over access and control between state and communities and also within diverse groups of local communities. These conflicts have had serious negative impacts on sustainable management of forests and on local people’s livelihoods, particularly resource poor and landless people. Centralised and bureaucratic approaches to control forest and encroachment have largely failed. Despite investing millions of Rupees in maintaining law and order in forestlands, the problem continues to worsen often at the cost of forests and local communities. We found that transferring management rights to local communities like landless and land poor in the form of community forestry (CF) has induced strong local level collective action in forest management and supported local livelihoods. Moreover, adding adaptive learning, as a methodological tool to improve governance and enhance local level collective action significantly improves the benefit of CF. It implies that a major rethinking is needed in the current policies that have often led to hostile relationships with the local inhabitants- particularly the illegal settlers. Instead, transferring forest rights to local communities and supporting them through technical aspects of forest management will strengthen local initiatives towards sustainable management of forests. 

Halting Forest Encroachment in Terai: What Role for Community Forestry?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Prabin Bhusal ◽  
Naya Sharma Paudel ◽  
Anukram Adhikary ◽  
Jisan Karki ◽  
Kamal Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local Livelihoods

This paper highlights the lessons of using adaptive learning in community forestry that effectively help to resolve forest based conflicts in Terai region of Nepal. The paper is based on a three-year action research carried out in Terai. Qualitative methods including participatory rural appraisal tools and documentation of engaged action and reflections were used. Methods and tools that largely fall under adaptive learning were deployed. The field data was complemented by review of secondary data and literature on environmental history of Terai. We found that policies on land and forest in Terai for the last fifty years have induced and aggravated conflicts over access and control between state and communities and also within diverse groups of local communities. These conflicts have had serious negative impacts on sustainable management of forests and on local people’s livelihoods, particularly resource poor and landless people. Centralised and bureaucratic approaches to control forest and encroachment have largely failed. Despite investing millions of Rupees in maintaining law and order in forestlands, the problem continues to worsen often at the cost of forests and local communities. We found that transferring management rights to local communities like landless and land poor in the form of community forestry (CF) has induced strong local level collective action in forest management and supported local livelihoods. Moreover, adding adaptive learning, as a methodological tool to improve governance and enhance local level collective action significantly improves the benefit of CF. It implies that a major rethinking is needed in the current policies that have often led to hostile relationships with the local inhabitants- particularly the illegal settlers. Instead, transferring forest rights to local communities and supporting them through technical aspects of forest management will strengthen local initiatives towards sustainable management of forests.

Tenure and forest conditions: community forestry in the Nepal Terai

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Nagendra
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
National Forests ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Forest Conditions

There is a current trend towards decentralization of forest management, particularly among developing nations. Nepal has taken a lead in initiating innovative policies of community forestry. Although these initiatives have been largely deemed successful in the mountains, within the Terai lowlands, there is considerable debate about their outcomes. This research evaluates forest condition within recently declared community forests, national forests and protected areas in the Nepal Terai, using plot mensuration techniques and interviews with local users. The initial condition of forests that were handed over to local communities for use was significantly poorer than those retained as national forests. Protected areas had the highest levels of plant abundance, biomass and biodiversity, which is not surprising, given the level of funds and manpower input to managing these limited areas. In the context of current controversy about the outcome of community forestry in the Nepal Terai, the poor initial condition of forests handed over to local communities is highly significant, and needs to be factored into evaluations of community forest management. This research underscores the need for benchmark studies for evaluating the future outcomes of forest policies in the Terai, provides a valuable addition to the limited information on forest conditions under different management regimes in Nepal, and indicates some of the difficulties that local communities face while dealing with community forestry in practice.

scholarly journals Entre las autoridades, la agricultura comercial y las comunidades locales: conflictos durante la construcción del embalse Puclaro (1996-2001)

2016 ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Sebastián Castillo Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Commercial Agriculture ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Irreversible Effects ◽  
The Cost

ResumenDesde la implementación del sistema económico neoliberal en Chile, la agroindustria comercial de exportación se ha extendido en zonas limitadas de agua, requiriéndose embalses que han perjudicado a comunidades. Este trabajo se adscribe en la historia ambiental, rama de la disciplina histórica que devela la relación dinámica entre el hombre y el medioambiente que ha sido habitado, explotado y significado. La presente entrega analiza el conflicto entre autoridades estatales y pobladores afectados por procesos de erradicación y relocalización, en el Valle del Elqui durante la construcción del Embalse Puclaro. Este conflicto se evidenció en los contradictorios discursos realizados por autoridades y dirigentes vecinales, en las dispares formas de acción colectiva de los pobladores, y en las compensaciones recibidas y graves problemas que sufrieron los afectados. De esta manera, la investigación demuestra que la agricultura sustentada por embalses, genera efectos negativos e irreversibles sobre comunidades que pagan “el costo del progreso”.Palabras clave: Embalse Puclaro; Valle del Elqui; erradicación forzada; Gualliguaica; La PolvadaAmong authorities, commercial agriculture and local communities: conflicts during the constructionof Puclaro dam (1996-2001)AbstractSince the implementation of the neoliberal economic system in Chile, commercial export agribusiness has spread in limited water areas, requiring dams that have damaged communities. This work is included in the environmental history, a branch of the historical discipline that reveals the dynamic relationship between humans and the environment that has been occupied, exploited and meant. This paper examines the conflict between State authorities and residents affected by eradication and relocation processes at Elqui Valley during the construction of Puclaro Dam. This conflict was evident in the contradictory speeches made by officials and neighborhood leaders, in the disparate forms of collective action of affected people, compensations received and the serious problems suffered by the affected. Thus, research shows that agriculture sustained by dams generates negative and irreversible effects on communities that pay "the cost of progress."Keywords: Puclaro Dam; Elqui Valley; forced eradication; Gualliguaica; La PolvadaEntre as autoridades, a agricultura comercial e as comunidades locais: conflitos durante a construção deembalse Puclaro (1996-2001)ResumoDesde a execução do sistema econômico neoliberal no Chile, a agroindústria comercial de exportação tem-se estendido em áreas limitadas de água, requerendo-se de represas que prejudicam as comunidades. Este trabalho éatribuído na história ambiental, ramo da disciplina histórica que revela a relação dinâmica entre o homem e o meio ambiente que tem sido habitado, explorado e significado. O artigo analisa o conflito entre as autoridades estatais e as populações afetadas pelos processos de erradicação e de recolocação no Vale do Elqui durante a construção da represa Puclaro. Este conflito evidenciou-se nos discursos contraditórios realizados pelas autoridades e dirigentes vicinais, nasformas díspares de ação coletiva dos moradores e nas compensações recebidas e graves problemas que sofreram os afetados. Desta forma, a pesquisa mostra que a agricultura sustentada pela represa, gera efeitos negativos e irreversíveis sobre as comunidades que pagam “o custo do progresso..Palavras-chave: Represa Puclaro; Valle do Elqui: erradicação forçada; Gualliguaica; La Polvada

Community forestry in Ontario

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Harvey ◽  
Brian Hillier
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Forestry Project

Policy-makers and resource managers are attempting to define more-effective mechanisms for involving the local community in forest land management for many years. In the past five years, renewed attention has been given to the opportunity for empowering local communities with decision-making and program delivery responsibilities. The community forestry project in Ontario is one example of policy-makers, resource managers and local communities trying to bridge the gap between community development and resource management. With the assistance of four pilot projects, a research project and public discussion, a community forestry strategy is under development in Ontario. While it may take years to produce indisputable results through trials at the local level, three years of work have already enriched our understanding of the interface between human settlements and natural resources and of alternative means for successful stewardship. Key words: community forestry, community forest, Ontario

scholarly journals Strategi pengelolaan hutan mangrove Kampung Kayu Ara Permai Kecamatan Sungai Apit Kabupaten Siak

Jurnal Zona ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Johanes Hutagaol ◽  
Zulfan Saam ◽  
Yusni Ikhwan Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Group Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Mangrove forest management is an effort to protect mangrove forests into conservation forest areas. This study aims to (1) analyze internal and external factors that influence mangrove forest management and (2) mangrove forest management strategies in Kayu Ara Permai Village, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency. The research was conducted using qualitative research with descriptive research methods. The data collected consisted of primary and secondary data and were analyzed using the SWOT analysis approach (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat). The results of the study showed a strategy in mangrove forest management in Kampung Kayu Ara Permai, namely encouraging community participation in mangrove forest management, capacity building Human resources both for the community and the Laskar Mandiri Conservation group. Development of mangrove ecotourism in Kampung Kayu Ara Permai Encouraging mangrove forest management to become Social Forestry with the Community Forestry scheme

scholarly journals Sharing the gains in forest management: Insights from the application of principles of collective action

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. e011
Author(s):  
Maria Alló ◽  
Maria L. Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Important Amount ◽  
Public Good Games

Aim of study: To analyze the factors that motivate the sharing of a contribution to a common pool resource (CPR).Area of study: We obtained data from Galicia communal forests during 2013-2014. Material and methods: A survey among forest owners in which questions about decisions, mimicking those in public good games, were included. In addition, the compliance with the principles of collective action (PCA), and their implications in the management of CPR were tested.Main results: PCA are not functioning perfectly in our sample of communal forest owners. In line with previous literature, results suggest that individuals are willing to share an important amount of endowment in a CPR. Examining the role that PCA play in individuals’ decisions, it was observable that when owners face the sharing of an endowment, the monitoring, conflict resolution mechanism and minimal recognition of rights imply more cooperative results. Current communal forests should promote a better application of these PCA in order to obtain a more cooperative behavior from their members.Research highlights: Communal forest owners are quite generous according to the results obtained. In addition, it has also been found that the endowment is an important factor to consider, while social aspects represented through the PCA also matter when explaining sharing decisions. The present study may be useful in order to promote stronger cooperation in local communities.

scholarly journals Participatory Forest Carbon Assessment and REDD+: Learning from Tanzania

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusaga Mukama ◽  
Irmeli Mustalahti ◽  
Eliakimu Zahabu
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Participatory Forest Management ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Research Initiatives ◽  
Technical Capacity

Research initiatives and practical experiences have demonstrated that forest-related data collected by local communities can play an essential role in the development of national REDD+ programs and its' measurement, reporting, verification (MRV) systems. In Tanzania, the national REDD+ Strategy aims to reward local communities participating in forest management under Participatory Forest Management (PFM). Accessing carbon finances requires among other things, accurate measurements of carbon stock changes through conventional forest inventories, something which is rarely done in PFM forests due to its high cost and limited resources. The main objective of this paper is to discuss experiences of Participatory Forest Carbon Assessment (PFCA) in Tanzania. The study revealed that villagers who participated in PFCA were able to perform most steps for carbon assessment in the field. A key challenge in future is how to finance PFCA and ensure the technical capacity at local level.

scholarly journals Capacity building at community forestry level for synergistic implementation of NDCs’ adaptation and mitigation commitments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Binaya Raj Shivakoti ◽  
Federico Lopez-Casero ◽  
Tek Maraseni ◽  
Krisha Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Integrated Assessments

Conservation, restoration and management of forest resources are critical for addressing climate change. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are a vehicle for targeted climate actions, including those related to forest management, by countries towards contributing global efforts agreed under the Paris Agreement. Operationalizing climate action stipulated in NDCs requires adequate preparedness and capacity, especially at the local level. This paper suggests a comprehensive framework of capacity building targeting at the community forestry level based on the findings of capacity needs assessments carried out in Nepal. The framework outlines a method to develop capacity among forest communities so they can carry out integrated assessments of the outcomes related to sustainable forest management, mitigation, adaptation and the quality of governance. Further, it outlines the capacity needed for integrated planning and implementation to consolidate the assessment process and make progress in an adaptive manner. By filling the capacity gaps at the community forestry level in a comprehensive manner, countries can narrow the existing divide between local-level climate actions and upper-level (national and international level) policy priorities, which is the major barrier for translating climate commitments into action.

scholarly journals Buffer Zone Community Forestry in Nepal: Examining Tenure and Management Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Jana Thing ◽  
Buddi S Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Policy Guideline ◽  
Increasing Demand

This paper examines the transfer of management rights over forests and natural resources and exercise of such rights by various sections of local communities in Protected Area (PA) buffer zones in Nepal. The study is based on an extensive review of government policy documents, available published and grey materials. The paper has also been drawn from the long experiences of the authors working in PAs and buffer zones in various parts of the country. We found that Buffer Zone Community Forests (BZCFs) have so far made significant contribution to biodiversity conservation, local livelihoods and institutional building in buffer zones. However, we also found a range of critical challenges in realising clear, comprehensive and secure rights by the local communities. Effective functioning of buffer zone community forestry is undermined by ever-increasing demand of forest products, lack of needed management autonomy and support from the PA management authorities, absence of clear policy guideline, increasing human-wildlife conflict and persistence of social exclusion of women, poor and marginalised. We argue that a better understanding and attention to address tenure related challenges in BZCFs would aid both conservation and local livelihoods and thereby enhance socio-ecological resilience of buffer zone communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document