scholarly journals Groundwater flow pattern and water level fluctuation in western parts of Chitwan valley

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Sushmita Bhandari ◽  
Kabita Karki ◽  
Surendra Maharjan ◽  
Suresh Das Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Chitwan Valley ◽  
Tube Well

Study of flow pattern and water level fluctuation in the western part of the Chitwan Valley was carried out in the area of 274.48 km2. The study area consists of alluvial deposits of the Narayani and the Rapti River of Pleistocene to Recent age. Aquifers in the study area are unconfined and semi confined to confined types. Based on the static water level, Jagatpur, Sukranagar and Gunjanagar are deep tube well zone and Shivanagar, Parbatipur, Patihani, Gitanagar are shallow tube well zone. The western half area discharges groundwater to the Narayani River and southern half discharges to the Rapti River rather than getting recharged throughout the year. Average water level fluctuation is 2.34 m with high fluctuation of 4.88 m at Sukranagar and low 0.49 m at Dibyanagar VDC. This fluctuation is directly related to rainfall.

Effects of seasonal water-level fluctuation on soil pore structure in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2192-2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-juan Zhang ◽  
Qiang Tang ◽  
Yu-hai Bao ◽  
Xiu-bin He ◽  
Feng-xia Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
The Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
The Three Gorges

scholarly journals Regulation of Vegetation and Evapotranspiration by Water Level Fluctuation in Shallow Lakes

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2651
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Liqiao Liang ◽  
Xiaomin Yuan ◽  
Sirui Yan ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Water Level Fluctuation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Open Water Area ◽  
Annual Scale

Water level fluctuations play a critical role in regulating vegetation distribution, composition, cover and richness, which ultimately affect evapotranspiration. In this study, we first explore water level fluctuations and associated impacts on vegetation, after which we assess evapotranspiration (ET) under different water levels. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to estimate the fractional vegetation cover (Fv), while topography- and vegetation-based surface-energy partitioning algorithms (TVET model) and potential evaporation (Ev) were used to calculate ET and water evaporation (Ep). Results show that: (1) water levels were dramatically affected by the combined effect of ecological water transfer and climate change and exhibited significant decreasing trends with a slope of −0.011 m a−2; and (2) as predicted, there was a correlation between water level fluctuation at an annual scale with Phragmites australis (P. australis) cover and open-water area. Water levels also had a controlling effect on Fv values, an increase in annual water levels first increasing and then decreasing Fv. However, a negative correlation was found between Fv values and water levels during initial plant growth stages. (iii) ET, which varied under different water levels at an annual scale, showed different partition into transpiration from P. australis and evaporation from open-water area and soil with alterations between vegetation and open water. All findings indicated that water level fluctuations controlled biological and ecological processes, and their structural and functional characteristics. This study consequently recommends that specifically-focused ecological water regulations (e.g., duration, timing, frequency) should be enacted to maintain the integrity of wetland ecosystems for wetland restoration.

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