scholarly journals Study of histomorphological spectrum of eyelid lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1790-1802
Author(s):  
Reshmi Shrestha ◽  
Gita Sayami
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Sebaceous Carcinoma ◽  
Epidermal Cyst ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Eyelid Lesions

Background: Eyelid pathologies are the most common surgical specimens encountered among all of the ophthalmic lesions and constitute a wide range of diseases by their unique histologic features. This study aims to find out the histopathological spectrum of eyelid lesions, their demographic distribution, and preferential location prevalent in our community.Materials and Methods: This is an observational study in which we retrospectively evaluated the data of 692 patients retrieved from the histopathology department of National Reference Laboratory, Kathmandu, from May 2016 to April 2019.Results: A total of 701 histologic diagnoses comprised of benign, precursor, and malignant lesions and accounted for 86.6%, 2.6%, and 10.8% respectively with preponderance in females. The common benign lesions included melanocytic nevus (17.7%), epidermal cyst (11%), hemangioma (8.9%), dermoid cyst (8.2%), chalazion (6.7%), and squamous papilloma (6.4%). Tumour of epidermal origin was the most common neoplastic lesion accounting for 31.2%. Basal cell carcinoma (50%) followed by sebaceous carcinoma (27.6%) and squamous cell carcinoma (14.5%) constituted the majority of malignant lesions prevalent above the age of 60 years with the preferential site of the upper eyelid for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma; and lower eyelid for sebaceous carcinoma.Conclusions: Benign eyelid lesions are more prevalent than malignant ones with overall female  preponderance. Epidermal tumours are common among neoplasms. A malignant tumour, a disease of  an elderly individual, is predominated by basal cell carcinoma followed by sebaceous carcinoma, an aggressive tumour with a high recurrence rate in our population.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography of Peri-Ocular Skin Cancers: An Optical Biopsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bergeron ◽  
Bryan Arthurs ◽  
Debra-Meghan Sanft ◽  
Christina Mastromonaco ◽  
Miguel N. Burnier Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sebaceous Carcinoma ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Oct Imaging

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has been used as a diagnostic tool for retinal disease for several years, and OCT apparatuses are becoming increasingly powerful. However, OCT has yet to reach its full potential in ophthalmology clinics. Alike retinal layers, it has been shown that OCT is able to generate cross-sectional images of the skin and allows visualization of skin lesions in a histopathology-like manner. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We aim to validate OCT as an imaging modality for peri-ocular skin cancer. Through a series of cases, we highlight findings for 3 common eyelid malignancies: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous carcinoma. We propose an OCT image-based signature for basal cell carcinoma. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a prospective study. Fifty-eight lesions suspicious of malignancy from 57 patients were subjected to OCT imaging prior to the surgical excision of the lesion. OCT images were analysed and scored according to previously identified OCT features. Eight representative examples are presented, highlighting the OCT patterns for each malignancy side by side to its corresponding histopathological sections. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of the 58 lesions analysed, 53 were malignant. A loss of the dermal-epidermal junction is observed in all malignant lesions. A strong link is observed between the presence of subepithelial hyporeflective nests on OCT and the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (present in 83% of cases). Conversely, lesions of epithelial origin such as squamous cell carcinoma are most often represented on OCT by acanthosis. Two supplementary cases, one basal cell carcinoma and one sebaceous carcinoma, are provided to illustrate how OCT imaging is a valuable tool in cases where clinical observations may be unusual. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We provide evidence supporting the use of OCT for the evaluation of peri-ocular cancers. OCT enables visualization of the skin layers in vivo, before biopsy. Our results show that certain OCT features can contribute to include or exclude a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. By integrating this non-invasive imaging methodology into the routine assessment of peri-ocular skin lesions, especially in health care centres where access to specialists is limited, OCT imaging can increase clinical precision, reduce delays in patient referral and enhance patient care.

scholarly journals Clinico-Histological presentation of Head and Neck Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sajjad Kattak ◽  
Abdul Ghafoor ◽  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
Asif Mehmmod ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Objective: This study aimed to see the clinical presentation and histological pattern of various head and neck lesions.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Bannu Medical College in association with the Department of Surgery and ENT, Khalifa Gul Nawaz Teaching Hospital, Bannu. A total of 184 cases of head and neck lesions biopsy were subjected to histopathological diagnosis. Patients' age, gender, anatomical location, and other relevant necessary clinical findings were recorded on an already designed proforma. All biopsies were received in 10% buffered formalin, fixed overnight, and processed for histopathological examination and diagnosis. Inclusion criteria were patients with head and neck lesions including skin, salivary gland, lymph node, and oral cavity of any age and gender. Exclusion criteria were thyroid, nasal cavity lesions, autolysed, and insufficient biopsy specimen. Results: In this study, the mean age was 28.58 ± 17.34 years, and the age range was from 10 to 80 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. The most common age group was 36-45 years followed by 46-55 years and 26-35 years etc. The most common inflammatory lesion was granulomatous lymphadenitis 14.67% followed by reactive lymphoid hyperplasia 9.23%. Common benign lesions were pleomorphic adenoma 5.97% followed by lipoma and hemangioma 3.80% and 3.26% respectively. Amongst malignant lesions basal cell carcinoma 23.91% of the face was the commonest lesion followed by squamous cell carcinoma 22.28% of the oral cavity. Conclusion: This study show spectrum of lesions from inflammatory to benign and malignant, occurring in the head and neck region. Malignant lesions are more common as compared to benign and inflammatory lesions, basal cell carcinoma of the skin is the commonest malignant lesion followed by squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and oral cavity.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF MALIGNANT LESIONS OF VULVA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Mareeswari. M ◽  
Anitha Catherine Preethima.T
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Vulvar Cancer ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Malignant Lesions

INTRODUCTION: Vulvar cancer is uncommon and relatively rare. Vulvar cancers do not always go through the preinvasive stages before developing into invasive cancer. It represents 1-4% of malignancies of female genital tract. Most common among the valvar cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (90%). Less common is melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma and sarcoma which account for 10%. AIM: To determine the prevalence among genital tract malignancies, histopathological pattern, Staging, modality of treatment and post operative complications of malignant lesion of vulva. METHODS: It is a Cross sectional study carried out in Madurai medical college. The medical records of all women with malignant lesion of vulve between January 2009 to September 2011 were reviewed. From the case record, the patient profile, complaints, associated medical complications were noted. The record of investigations, treatment modalities and postoperative complications were studied. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and clinical staging was done and planned for treatment. RESULTS: 10 cases of malignant lesions of vulva were noted during the period. Prevalence is about 0.8% of all genital tract malignancies. Age wise distribution reveals 60 % of our cases were above 60 years of age. 80% of our prevalence observed in postmenopausal women. Most patient had complaints of pruritis (100%), ulcer(70%), swelling(30%). Had associated medical complication of diabetic (40%), hypertensive (20%). Histopathologically the most predominant type is squamous cell carcinoma (60%), malignant melanoma (10%), basal cell carcinoma(10%), Baseloid squamous cell carcinoma(10%), Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (10%). Stage wise classification of squamous cell carcinoma –stage 0-12.5%, stage2- 37.5%, stage 3- 37.5%, stage 4 – 12.5%. CONCLUSION: Most cases above 60 yrs of age and 80% of our cases shows squamous cell carcinoma. Prevalence is about 0.8% of all genital tract malignancies. Most of the cases reported in the advanced stage of vulvar cancer. Biopsy is the method to confirm the diagnosis, Early diagnosis has a good prognosis . five year survival in stage 1 is 90%.

scholarly journals Methyltransferases in the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3402
Author(s):  
Eun Kyung Ko ◽  
Brian C. Capell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Recent evidence suggests that the disruption of gene expression by alterations in DNA, RNA, and histone methylation may be critical contributors to the pathogenesis of keratinocyte cancers (KCs), made up of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), which collectively outnumber all other human cancers combined. While it is clear that methylation modifiers are frequently dysregulated in KCs, the underlying molecular and mechanistic changes are only beginning to be understood. Intriguingly, it has recently emerged that there is extensive cross-talk amongst these distinct methylation processes. Here, we summarize and synthesize the latest findings in this space and highlight how these discoveries may uncover novel therapeutic approaches for these ubiquitous cancers.

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