scholarly journals Comparative Study of Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Suspected Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Pandey ◽  
AK Mallik ◽  
S Pyakurel ◽  
SB Pun ◽  
BD Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Endemic Areas

Background Visceral leishmaniasis is potentially fatal protozoan diseases caused by Leishmania donovani. Nepal is an endemic region in which visceral leishmaniasis causes a major public health problem in the lowland areas that border the endemic areas of Bihar state in India. Accurate diagnosis to inform treatment is a first step in achieving the goal of visceral leishmaniasis elimination from South East Asian regions by 2020. Objective The objective of the present study was to compare between the Microcopy and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Methods In the present study, 236 bone marrow aspirations were collected from suspected visceral leishmaniasis patients in Janakpur Zonal Hospital, Dhanusa district, Terai region of Nepal in between 2003-2007. We evaluated bone marrow samples by microscopic examination with subsequent testing of the same sample by polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. Results Giemsa’s solution stained bone marrow slides stored for over five years were used for polymerase chain reaction amplification. The result showed that 71% were polymerase chain reaction positive and 56% were microscopic positive. Out of 104 microscopic negative bone marrow samples, 15% of samples were positive by polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion Polymerase chain reaction could make a very good option for diagnosis by using less or non-invasive material from visceral leishmaniasis patients in endemic areas of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i1.11016 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(1) 2013: 14-17

scholarly journals Etiology of Diarrhea Requiring Hospitalization in Bangladesh by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, 2014–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Taniuchi ◽  
Kamrul Islam ◽  
Md Abu Sayeed ◽  
James A Platts-Mills ◽  
Md Taufiqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Diarrhea remains a major public health problem and characterization of its etiology is needed to prioritize interventions. However, most data are from single-site studies of children. We tested samples from participants of any age from 11 geographically diverse hospitals in Bangladesh to describe pathogen-specific burdens of diarrhea. Methods We utilized 2 existing diarrhea surveillance systems: a Nationwide network at 10 sentinel hospitals and at the icddr,b hospital. We tested stools from enrolled participants and nondiarrheal controls for enteropathogens using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and calculated pathogen-specific attributable fractions (AFs) of diarrhea. Results We analyzed 5516 patients with diarrhea and 735 controls. Overall, rotavirus had the highest attributable burden of diarrhea (Nationwide AF, 17.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.3–20.9%; icddr,b AF, 39.9%; 38.0–41.8%), followed by adenovirus 40/41 (Nationwide AF, 17.9%; 95% CI: 13.9–21.9%; icddr,b AF, 16.6%; 95% CI, 14.4–19.4%) and Vibrio cholerae (Nationwide AF, 10.2%; 95% CI, 9.1–11.3%; icddr,b AF, 13.3%; 95% CI: 11.9–15.1%). Rotavirus was the leading pathogen in children <5 years and was consistent across the sites (coefficient of variation = 56.3%). Adenovirus 40/41 was the second leading pathogen in both children and adults. Vibrio cholerae was the leading pathogen in individuals >5 years old, but was more geographically variable (coefficient of variation = 71.5%). Other attributable pathogens included astrovirus, norovirus, Shigella, Salmonella, ETEC, sapovirus, and typical EPEC. Conclusions Rotavirus, adenovirus 40/41, and V. cholerae were the leading etiologies of infectious diarrhea requiring hospitalization in Bangladesh. Other pathogens were important in certain age groups or sites.

scholarly journals An acute presentation of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to visceral leishmaniasis in a British adult returning traveller

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Anastasia A Theodosiou ◽  
◽  
Hwai Jing Hiew ◽  
Christina Petridou ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspirate ◽  
Caucasian Woman ◽  
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Very High

A 62-year old British Caucasian woman normally resident in Spain presented with fever and pancytopaenia after returning to the UK. Her symptoms persisted despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, and she gradually became confused, hypotensive and progressively more pancytopaenic. Imaging demonstrated hepatosplenomegaly, and a bone marrow aspirate confirmed a diagnosis of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Bone marrow polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and blood serology were both positive for Leishmania donovani, consistent with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Following treatment with dexamethasone and amphotericin, she improved clinically and biochemically, and was able to return to Spain. Fever in the returning traveller is a common acute medical presentation. Although HLH and VL are rare diagnoses, both carry a very high mortality rate if undiagnosed and untreated.

Interest and reliability of a polymerase chain reaction on bone-marrow samples in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in AIDS

AIDS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-453–453 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Piarroux ◽  
E Gambarelli ◽  
B. Toga ◽  
H. Dumon ◽  
hi. Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS FROM SPUTUM

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (146) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Young Sohn ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
A Khagi ◽  
S S Malla ◽  
B M Pokharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Culture Positive

ABSTRACTTuberculosis has remained to be a major public health problem in Nepal. The risk of spread of infection andemergence of drug-resistant strain has created the need for a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic test.In addition, clinically suspicious cases that do not give positive result in conventional laboratory test needmore sensitive test for diagnosis.In order to evaluate the possibility of incorporation of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis oftuberculosis, we performed a comparative study of PCR to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputumspecimens, against Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) stain and culture as a standard method.A total of 103 specimens were subjected to Z-N staining, culture and PCR for detecting Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. Of these, 19 were positive by Z-N stain, 26 by PCR and 25 by culture. Four stain negativespecimens showed positive result in both culture and PCR. Two specimens of stain and culture positive werePCR negative. Five specimens showed positive result only with PCR. Two culture positive specimens gavenegative results by both Z-N stain and PCR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negativepredictive value of PCR which were 84%, 93.5%, 80.8% and 94.9% respectively.This study showed that there is no need for PCR test for the smear positive cases. However, PCR could be apossible diagnostic tool for the confirmation of the smear negative cases that show clinical symptoms of TB.Key Words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Z-N stain, PCR, sensitivity, specificity.

scholarly journals Diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis and HIV/AIDS co-infection: a case series study in Pernambuco, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aracele Tenório de Almeida e Cavalcanti ◽  
Zulma Medeiros ◽  
Fábio Lopes ◽  
Luiz Dias de Andrade ◽  
Valéria de Melo Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspirate ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain

HIV/AIDS-associated visceral leishmaniasis may display the characteristics of an aggressive disease or without specific symptoms at all, thus making diagnosis difficult. The present study describes the results of diagnostic tests applied to a series of suspected VL cases in HIV-infected/AIDS patients admitted in referral hospitals in Pernambuco, Brazil. From a total of 14 eligible patients with cytopenias and/or fever of an unknown etiology, and indication of bone marrow aspirate, 10 patients were selected for inclusion in the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by the following examinations: Leishmania detection in bone marrow aspirate, direct agglutination test, indirect immunofluorescence, rK39 dipstick test, polymerase chain reaction and latex agglutination test. Five out of the ten patients were diagnosed with co-infection. A positive direct agglutination test was recorded for all five co-infected patients, the Leishmania detection and latex agglutination tests were positive in four patients, the rK39 dipstick test in three, the indirect immunofluorescence in two and a positive polymerase chain reaction was recorded for one patient. This series of cases was the first to be conducted in Brazil using this set of tests in order to detect co-infection. However, no consensus has thus far been reached regarding the most appropriate examination for the screening and monitoring of this group of patients.

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