Community forestry and livelihood linkages: A case of Kamalamai community forest, Dolakha, Nepal

As a result of institutional failure of the nationalization of forest in 1957 A.D., a newer concept of participatory forest management was introduced in Nepal and local people got their space created in forest management during 1970s with a view to mitigating forest cover loss. Under this scheme Kamalmai Community Forest (129.59 hectares) located in Laduk VDC of Dolakha District was handed over to the community in 2000 A.D. The present study was conducted during February, 2014 to assess the status of forest management strategies and impact on livelihood of forest dependent people. Management aspect of the forest was assessed based on field observation, Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussion, whereas judgmental scoring method was used to assess the impact on livelihood; the questionnaire for which was prepared on the basis of Sustainable Livelihood Framework Guidance Sheet developed by Department for International Development (DFID), 1999. All the forest management practices including control of composition and structure of growing stock, and harvesting and distribution of forest products were strictly implemented. The total average scores for human, physical, social, financial and natural capitals, which were used to assess the livelihood, were found to be 2.5862, 1.4310, 2.5689, 0.2068 and 2.6896 respectively. The result illustrated that the forest under study had contributed to enhance the condition of human, social and natural capitals. The contribution was noticeable in terms of physical capital, but financial capital was not found satisfactory. Since the handover, there has been a notable change in greenery and landscape as well as on livelihood of forest dependent people.

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Dampak Partisipasi Wanita Dan Faktor Demografi Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Kemasyarakatan (Hkm) Terhadap Pendapatan Keluarga Di Kabupaten Lampung Barat

Jurnal Sylva Lestari ◽

10.23960/jsl3259-72 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Rio Yudischa ◽

Christine Wulandari ◽

Rudi Hilmanto

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Family Income ◽

Arable Land ◽

Forest Products ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Community Forest Management ◽

Community Forest ◽

Women's Participation ◽

The Impact ◽

The Village

Community Forest (HKM) is a community development schemes through strengthening factors of production of non-timber forest products in the form of access to forest lands, protected primary forest. It is not yet known impact of women's participation in community forest management on family income in the village Tribudi Syukur and Tribudi Makmur. To the end, the research conducted in order to know the impact of demographic and participation of women in community forest management on family income in the village Tribudi Syukur and Tribudi Makmur, Kebun Tebu sub district, West Lampung, Lampung province. This research was conducted in the Community Forest, at Village Tribudi Syukur and Tribudi Makmur. Data retrieved using the method of data collection simple random sampling. Analysis of data used linear models was assisted using Minitab 16 software for parameter optimization. The results showed that the factor land size and income of women farmers with a significant effect on the income of women's participation in community forest management. Meanwhile, the chief factor of the family, the woman's age, the age of the male, female participation rates, female education, male education, number of dependents, and the distance to the arable land were not significantly associated with women's participation in the management of the community forest income.

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Community forest management practices in far-western lowlands of Nepal

Banko Janakari ◽

10.3126/banko.v18i2.2170 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 25-34

Author(s):

B Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Community Forestry ◽

Forest Products ◽

Community Forest Management ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Community Forest ◽

Plantation Forests ◽

Forest Condition ◽

Community Forest User Groups

Wider discussions are held as to the contribution of community forestry program in Nepal to improve the forest condition and meeting the forest product requirements. This paper presents findings from a study of six Community Forest User Groups in far-western lowlands of Kailali and Kanchanpur in Nepal. The groups with natural and plantation forests have varied experiences in forest conservation and distribution of products. Some groups are resourceful in terms of availability of forest products from the natural forests. Others with plantation forests are product scarce from their own and depend on government managed forest and other sources to meet their demands. The role of concerned government authorities and federation of groups would be instrumental to analyse demand and supply, and make provisions for distribution of forest products within and outside groups and district. Key words: Community forest management, forest products, distribution, far-western low land doi: 10.3126/banko.v18i2.2170 Banko Janakari, Vol. 18, No. 2, 25-34

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An assessment of the impact of silviculture and forest management regimes to forest cover change in the Churia region during 1992 to 2014

Banko Janakari ◽

10.3126/banko.v27i3.20540 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

B. K. Pokharel ◽

D. R. Uprety ◽

R. R. Niraula ◽

P. R. Pokharel

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Google Earth ◽

Forest Cover Change ◽

Community Forest ◽

Gis And Remote Sensing ◽

Community Forests ◽

Silvicultural Practices ◽

Management Regimes ◽

The Impact

A study was conducted in the Churia region in 2014 to assess the change in forest cover as an outcome of the performance of various forest management regimes and silvicultural practices with the main objective to find the gap between those two. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) were used to compare the satellite imageries for the period of 1992 to 2014 in order to analyse the state of forest cover change. The demarcation of community forest boundaries was conducted based on available boundary maps and transferred to Google earth and GIS platform. Results showed that overall forest cover in the Churia region was increased by 7500 ha (1%) in 22 years, i.e. 1.35 million ha (76%) in 1992 to 1.36 million ha (77%) in 2014. The rate of deforestation in the Churia region was reduced as compared to the national average. However, degradation of landscape was visible at riverbeds and cultivation lands close to the riverbeds. It was also found that the area of dense forest was increased by 42,000 ha, whereas the area covered by bushes and grassland was reduced by 39,000 ha. The study further showed that there was a decline in cultivated land by 20,000 ha. Comparing the forest cover change in community forests with that of other management regimes, silvicultural practices in community forest areas have brought relatively better positive changes in the forest condition. It may be due to periodic silviculture operations carried out collectively by local communities. In the assessment, however, various elements of tenure rights and responsibilities of community, government and private forest and tree owners were identified and key silvicultural practices adopted by these regimes were highlighted as the drivers of positive or negative outcomes of forest cover change. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page : 36-44

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Livelihood Improvement through Agroforestry Compared to Conventional Farming System: Evidence from Northern Irrigated Plain, Pakistan

Land ◽

10.3390/land10060645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 645

Author(s):

Shahzad Ahmad ◽

Zhang Caihong ◽

E. M. B. P. Ekanayake

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

International Development ◽

Natural Capital ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Physical Capital ◽

Financial Capital ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

Fuel Wood ◽

Livelihood Improvement

The concept of sustainable livelihood garnered a prominent status in humanitarian and international development organizations that aim to calculate and build a livelihood for agroforestry farmers. However, it is difficult to measure and analyze as well as visualize the data of livelihood improvement from agroforestry (AF). This paper comparatively assessed 400 smallholder farmers’ livelihood through AF and conventional farming (CF) systems in the Northern Irrigated Plain of Pakistan. The findings showed that AF has a mixed impact on farmers’ livelihood capital, including human, physical, natural, financial and social capital. Specifically, AF significantly improved financial capital in terms of timber, non-timber and fuel wood income. Furthermore, the physical capital (buffalo plough, generators and sprinklers), natural capital (the extent of cultivated land and land ownership; the number of households (HHs) growing vegetables, fruit crops and medicinal crops) and social capital (the number of social groups that HHs involved and number of HHs sharing crop seeds) of AF farmer HHs were significantly improved compared to those of CF farmers. However, the results show that financial capital gain through crop income, HHs owning high-value vehicles (tractors) and farmers trust and collective activities were significantly higher in CF farmers than AF ones. Therefore, to enhance the contribution of AF to rural livelihood, advanced extension services and government involvement on research planning and implementing are needed.

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Modelling Non-timber Forest Products for Forest Management Planning in Europe

Current Forestry Reports ◽

10.1007/s40725-020-00130-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 309-322

Author(s):

Jari Miina ◽

Mikko Kurttila ◽

Rafael Calama ◽

Sergio de-Miguel ◽

Timo Pukkala

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Forest Products ◽

Joint Production ◽

Forest Owners ◽

Management Planning ◽

Forest Management Planning ◽

Forest Management Practices ◽

Non Timber Forest Products

Abstract Purpose of Review The increased popularity and commercial use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) calls for the development of models for NTFPs to include their predicted yields in forest management planning and to evaluate the potential of multi-functional forest management. This study assesses and discusses the current state of the art and trends in NTFP yield modelling in Europe and the integration of the models in multi-functional forest management planning at different spatial scales. Recent Findings Climate-sensitive empirical yield models already exist not only for a variety of NTFPs that are economically important to forest owners (e.g. cork and pine nuts) but also for wild-gathered berries and mushrooms, the harvesting of which cannot be controlled by the forest landowner in all European countries. Several studies on multi-functional forest management planning consider the economic profitability of the joint production of timber and NTFP. Harvesting NTFPs can create significant additional incomes for forest owners, compared with timber production only. However, maximizing the economic returns from the joint production of timber and NTFPs often calls for changes in forest management practices. Summary Continued efforts in modelling and predicting the yields of NTFPs have enabled forest managers to further expand the analyses of multi-functional forest planning and management in Europe. Climate-sensitive models also allow analyses on the potential effects of climate change on NTFP yields. New models and forest management practices are still needed for tree fruits, birch sap, a wider variety of wild edible mushrooms, specialty mushrooms cultivated on live trees as well as medicinal and edible forest herbs harvested for commercial value in Europe.

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REDD+ and Community Forestry in Nepal: Strengthening or Paralysing Decentralised Governance?

Journal of Forest and Livelihood ◽

10.3126/jfl.v16i1.22881 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 35-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dil Khatri ◽

Gyanu Maskey ◽

Bikash Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Policy Development ◽

Management Practices ◽

Community Forestry ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

Forest Governance ◽

Community Forest Management ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Community Forest ◽

Forestry Policy

At a time when community forestry has become a prominent mode of forest governance in many developing countries, REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest degradation) has emerged as a new conservation policy to contribute to climate change mitigation by incentivising such countries to conserve forest. While the proponents of REDD+ claim that it can help to strengthen decentralised forest governance through an increased flow of resources of fund and knowledge, the critics evince that there are negative consequences of REDD+ implementation to the decentralisation process, local control, and access to forests. Drawing on the ongoing engagement of the authors in the national REDD+ policy process and an ethnographic study of the REDD+ initiatives in Nepal, this paper demonstrates that REDD+ might paralyze Nepal’s long-standing community forestry policy rather than strengthening it. Findings show the instrumental use of participation in REDD+ policy development and limited representation of local voices in the policy processes. The piloting project implemented on community forestry suggest that REDD+, if implemented at full scale, can put new demand(s) to the long-standing community forestry policy and practices resulting in threatening of local uses of forests by smallholders. The implementation of REDD+ is likely to reshape community forest management practices driven from the priority of generating revenue which in turn undermines the need to manage forests to meet diverse needs of the smallholders. This analysis indicates the need for paying greater attention to represent local voices in developing national policies and programs, and align REDD+ objectives to the core principles of community forest management, local access, and control of forests.

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Assessment of Productivity and Profitability through Scientific Forest Management in Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest of Nepal: A Case Study from Patela Community Forest, Kailali District, Nepal

Forestry: Journal of Institute of Forestry, Nepal ◽

10.3126/forestry.v17i0.33620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 23-41

Author(s):

Pabitra Gotame ◽

Yam Bahadur K.C. ◽

Nripesh Awasthi

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Rotation Period ◽

Forest Products ◽

Fiscal Year ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Community Forest ◽

Net Benefit ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Negative Effect

Scientific forest management (SciFM) ensures improved productivity and healthy forests that are crucial for the economic development and prosperity of forest-dependent country like Nepal. This study analyzes the effects of the silvicultural intervention on the regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta), plant species diversity, and income through the flow of forest products in the Patela Community Forest in Kailali District of Nepal, where Sal (S. robusta) forest has been managed under an Irregular Shelterwood System with 80 years of the rotation period since fiscal year 2017/18. The vegetation sampling was done by the quadrat method based on the principle of stratified random sampling from the managed and unmanaged parts of the forest. The climate based site productivity was analyzed. The profitability of scientific forest management was analyzed by income and cost incurred in managing the forest. The study revealed the promising regeneration of S. robusta in the managed areas compared to the unmanaged area. The silvicultural intervention had a significant negative effect on plant diversity showing an increase in the concentration of dominance of S. robusta. An implementation of SciFM plan generated a total net benefit of 187,000 US$ in the last 2017/18, and 2018/19 fiscal years. This study recommends existing natural forests to be managed based on sound silvicultural principles to improve the degrading nature of the productive forest that can generate revenue for the country and opportunity for community development.

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Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kawasan Penyangga di TN Sebangau Berdasarkan Perspektif Sustainable Livelihood Approach

Jurnal Planoearth ◽

10.31764/jpe.v5i2.3249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Ardiyanto Maksimilianus Gai

Keyword(s):

Community Development ◽

Development Strategy ◽

National Park ◽

Local Community ◽

Natural Capital ◽

Physical Capital ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Scoring Method ◽

Sustainable Livelihood Approach

Kawasan penyangga di TN Sebangau memiliki permasalahan dari berbagai sektor, seperti sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah masalah kerusakan hutan. Saat ini masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan penyangga TN Sebangau bergantung pada hasil sumber daya alamnya. Namun, kesejahteraan yang rendah menuntut masyarakat untuk melakukan beberapa kegiatan yang melanggar kebijakan TN Sebangau dan berpotensi mengganggu lingkungan sekitarnya. Konsep pendekatan mengenai penghidupan yang berkelanjutan (sustainable livelihood) merupakan salah satu bentuk metode yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan yang muncul pada masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan penyangga TN Sebangau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode skoring, AHP dan analisis triangulasi. Subjek penelitian adalah masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan penyangga TN Sebangau. Variabel yang digunakan adalah modal sosial, modal alam, modal fisik, modal manusia dan modal finansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari kriteria dan subkriteria pada 3 strategi, yaitu pengembangan masyarakat lokal, perencanaan sosial dan aksi sosial, kriteria ‘pengembangan masyarakat lokal’ merupakan model pemberdayaan yang tepat untuk diterapkan di kawasan penyangga TN Sebangau. Sehingga diperlukan strategi pengembangan yang sesuai dengan masing-masing variabel terkait penghidupan berkelanjutan (sustainable livelihood).Abstract: Sebangau National Park buffer zone had problem in many sectors like social, economic and environment. One of them is deforestation. Currently, people who lived at Sebangau National Park buffer zone depends on it natural resources. However, low-welvare condition requires people doing some violation against Sebangau National Park policy and potentially interfere the ecosistem. Sustainable livelihood approach presumed can be one solution to solve the problem at Sebangau National Park buffer zone. This research used qualitative descriptive approach, with scoring method, AHP and triangulation analysis. Research subject is people who lived at Sebangau National Park buffer zone. Variabel that used is social capital, natural capital, physical capital, human capital and financial capital. The results showed that from criteria and sub criteria on 3 strategy, that is local community development strategy, social planning strategy and social action strategy, local community development criteria is exactly empowerment model to apply at Sebangau National Park buffer zone. So that the development strategy of the models are needed in accordance with each variable related to sustainable livelihood.

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FOREST MANAGEMENT AND WATER QUALITY IN LATVIA: IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES AND SEEKING SOLUTIONS

Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017" ◽

10.15544/rd.2017.146 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Zane KALVITE ◽

Zane LIBIETE ◽

Arta BARDULE Arta BARDULE

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Forest Management ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Drainage System ◽

Hazardous Substances ◽

System Maintenance ◽

The Impact

Rise in human population, industrialization, urbanization, intensified agriculture and forestry pose considerable risks to water supply and quality both on global and regional scale. While freshwater resources are abundant in Latvia, during recent years increased attention has been devoted to water quality in relation to anthropogenic impacts. Forest cover in Latvia equals 52% and forest management and forest infrastructure building and maintenance are among the activities that may, directly or indirectly, affect water quality in headwater catchments. Sedimentation, eutrophication and export of hazardous substances, especially mercury (Hg), are of highest concern. To address these topics, several initiatives have started recently. In 2011, cooperation programme between Latvian State Forest Research Institute (LSFRI) “Silava” and JSC “Latvia’s State Forests” was launched to evaluate the impact of forest management on the environment. This programme included research on the efficiency of water protection structures used at drainage system maintenance (sedimentation ponds, overland flow) and regeneration felling (bufferzones). In 2016, within the second stage of this cooperation programme, a study on the impact of forest management on water quality (forest road construction, drainage system maintenance, felling) was started on a catchment scale. Since 2016 LSFRI Silava is partner in the Interreg Baltic Sea Region Programme project “Water management in Baltic forests”. By focusing on drainage systems, riparian zones and beaver activity, this project aims at reducing nutrient and Hg export from forestry sites to streams and lakes. While this project mostly has a demonstration character, it will also offer novel results on Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in beaver ponds in all participating states. This paper aims at summarizing most important challenges related to the impact of forest management on water quality and corresponding recent initiatives striving to offer solutions.

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Pine Pitch Canker and Insects: Regional Risks, Environmental Regulation, and Practical Management Options

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10080649 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 649 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mercedes Fernández-Fernández ◽

Pedro Naves ◽

Dmitry L. Musolin ◽

Andrey V. Selikhovkin ◽

Michelle Cleary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Environmental Control ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Insect Species ◽

Pitch Canker ◽

Management Options ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Insect Populations ◽

The Impact

Pine pitch canker (PPC), caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’ Donnell), is a serious threat to pine forests globally. The recent introduction of the pathogen to Southern Europe and its spread in Mediterranean region is alarming considering the immense ecological and economic importance of pines in the region. Pines in forests and nurseries can be infected, resulting in severe growth losses and mortality. The pathogen is known to spread in plants for planting and in seeds, and results from recent studies have indicated that F. circinatum may also spread through phoretic associations with certain insects. With this review, we aim to expand the current understanding of the risk of insect-mediated spread of PPC in different parts of Europe. Through the joint action of a multinational researcher team, we collate the existing information about the insect species spectrum in different biogeographic conditions and scrutinize the potential of these insects to transmit F. circinatum spores in forests and nurseries. We also discuss the impact of environmental factors and forest management in this context. We present evidence for the existence of a high diversity of insects with potential to weaken pines and disseminate PPC in Europe, including several common beetle species. In many parts of Europe, temperatures are projected to rise, which may promote the activity of several insect species, supporting multivoltinism and thus, further amplifying the risk of insect-mediated dissemination of PPC. Integrated pest management (IPM) solutions that comply with forest management practices need to be developed to reduce this risk. We recommend careful monitoring of insect populations as the basis for successful IPM. Improved understanding of environmental control of the interaction between insects, the pathogen, and host trees is needed in order to support development of bio-rational strategies to safeguard European pine trees and forests against F. circinatum in future.

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