Preliminary survey of antibiotic-resistant fecal indicator bacteria and pathogenic Escherichia coli from river-water samples collected in Oakland County, Michigan, 2003

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Fogarty ◽  
Joseph W. Duris ◽  
Stephen S. Aichele
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Oakland County

scholarly journals Poikilothermic Animals as a Previously Unrecognized Source of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in a Backwater Ecosystem of a Large River

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Frick ◽  
Julia Vierheilig ◽  
Rita Linke ◽  
Domenico Savio ◽  
Horst Zornig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Intestinal Enterococci

ABSTRACTQuantitative information regarding the presence ofEscherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, andClostridium perfringensin poikilotherms is notably scarce. Therefore, this study was designed to allow a systematic comparison of the occurrence of these standard fecal indicator bacteria (SFIB) in the excreta of wild homeothermic (ruminants, boars, carnivores, and birds) and poikilothermic (earthworms, gastropods, frogs, and fish) animals inhabiting an alluvial backwater area in eastern Austria. With the exception of earthworms, the average concentrations ofE. coliand enterococci in the excreta of poikilotherms were equal to or only slightly lower than those observed in homeothermic excreta and were 1 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than the levels observed in the ambient soils and sediments. Enterococci reached extraordinarily high concentrations in gastropods. Additional estimates of the daily excreted SFIB (E. coliand enterococcus) loads (DESL) further supported the importance of poikilotherms as potential pollution sources. The newly established DESL metric also allowed comparison to the standing stock of SFIB in the sediment and soil of the investigated area. In agreement with its biological characteristics, the highest concentrations ofC. perfringenswere observed in carnivores. In conclusion, the long-standing hypothesis that only humans and homeothermic animals are primary sources of SFIB is challenged by the results of this study. It may be necessary to extend the fecal indicator concept by additionally considering poikilotherms as potential important primary habitats of SFIB. Further studies in other geographical areas are needed to evaluate the general significance of our results. We hypothesize that the importance of poikilotherms as sources of SFIB is strongly correlated with the ambient temperature and would therefore be of increased significance in subtropical and tropical habitats and water resources.IMPORTANCEThe current fecal indicator concept is based on the assumption that the standard fecal indicator bacteria (SFIB)Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, andClostridium perfringensmultiply significantly only in the guts of humans and other homeothermic animals and can therefore indicate fecal pollution and the potential presence of pathogens from those groups. The findings of the present study showed that SFIB can also occur in high concentrations in poikilothermic animals (i.e., animals with body temperatures that vary with the ambient environmental temperature, such as fish, frogs, and snails) in an alluvial backwater area in a temperate region, indicating that a reconsideration of this long-standing indicator paradigm is needed. This study suggests that poikilotherms must be considered to be potential primary sources of SFIB in future studies.

scholarly journals Differential Decay of Enterococci and Escherichia coli Originating from Two Fecal Pollution Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 2488-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asja Korajkic ◽  
Brian R. McMinn ◽  
Valerie J. Harwood ◽  
Orin C. Shanks ◽  
G. Shay Fout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Aquatic Mesocosms

ABSTRACTUsingin situsubtropical aquatic mesocosms, fecal source (cattle manure versus sewage) was shown to be the most important contributor to differential loss in viability of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), specifically enterococci in freshwater andEscherichia coliin marine habitats. In this study, sunlight exposure and indigenous aquatic microbiota were also important contributors, whose effects on FIB also differed between water types.

Removal of fecal indicator bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes in constructed wetlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 10188-10197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer G. Lamori ◽  
Jia Xue ◽  
Andri T. Rachmadi ◽  
Gerardo U. Lopez ◽  
Masaaki Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes

scholarly journals Assessing the Importance of Sand as a Source of Fecal Indicator Bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus)

Oceanography ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Knee ◽  
Rose Leopold ◽  
Ella Madsen ◽  
Adina Paytan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Indicator

scholarly journals Lack of Direct Effects of Agrochemicals on Zoonotic Pathogens and Fecal Indicator Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (22) ◽  
pp. 8146-8150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachery R. Staley ◽  
Jacob K. Senkbeil ◽  
Jason R. Rohr ◽  
Valerie J. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

ABSTRACTAgrochemicals, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and pathogens frequently contaminate water simultaneously. No significant direct effects of fertilizer, atrazine, malathion, and chlorothalonil on the survival ofEscherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,Salmonella enterica, human polyomaviruses, and adenovirus were detected, supporting the assertion that previously observed effects of agrochemicals on FIB were indirect.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages as Fecal Pollution Indicators

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Daniel Toribio-Avedillo ◽  
Anicet R. Blanch ◽  
Maite Muniesa ◽  
Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Viral Indicators ◽  
Potential Use

Bacteriophages are promising tools for the detection of fecal pollution in different environments, and particularly for viral pathogen risk assessment. Having similar morphological and biological characteristics, bacteriophages mimic the fate and transport of enteric viruses. Enteric bacteriophages, especially phages infecting Escherichia coli (coliphages), have been proposed as alternatives or complements to fecal indicator bacteria. Here, we provide a general overview of the potential use of enteric bacteriophages as fecal and viral indicators in different environments, as well as the available methods for their detection and enumeration, and the regulations for their application.

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