Exile and Political Activism: The Egyptian-Jewish Communists in Paris, 1950-59

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
Joel Beinin
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Classic Essay

Frederick Barth’s classic essay on the social construction of ethnic boundaries is one of the landmarks in the discrediting of the notion that culture and identity are essences inherent in racially and geographically distinct ethnic groups. In opposition to the exoticist es-sentialism of many anthropologists of his day, Barth argued for the social determination of the boundaries distinguishing one ethnic group from another. The current wave of postmodern textualism, with its emphasis on “imagined communities” (see Anderson) and the “invention of ethnicity” (see Sollors), extends the Barthian anti-essentialist project even further. There is much to be gained by acknowledging the constructed character of all categories of culture, politics, and knowledge, including identity and ethnicity. But many postmodern textualists have gone too far in the direction of regarding culture as a domain to be understood in relative isolation from social determinants, and some varieties of postmodernism have dismissed the relevance of ethnic and national identity altogether. Is there a way to assimilate the insights of poststructuralist social theory while avoiding these antimaterialist and ultimately Eurocentric excesses?

Understanding and Classifying Constructivisms

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
J. Samuel Barkin ◽  
Laura Sjoberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
The Social

The chapter discusses various ways that constructivism might be defined, and finds in them a tendency to make constructivisms into at once more than they are (by imbuing them with “naturally” associated politics) and less (by divorcing them from their roots as social theory). The chapter builds an argument that what constructivisms have in common is the ontological assumption of the social construction of international politics as expressed in methodology for doing International Relations research. This assumption should not be understood as taking specific ontologies, let alone methods, methodologies, or politics, as definitional of constructivism. Work can reasonably be described as constructivist if it builds on an ontology of co-constitution and intersubjectivity in the context of a particular set of methodological claims underlying a research exercise about global politics. This brackets what work might be called constructivist but does not associate constructivism either with any specific ontology or with any specific methodology.

Critical Social Theory as a Means of Analysis for Caring in Nursing

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Critical Social Theory ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Social

Critical social theory (CST) is offered as a means to explore the social construction of the patient-nurse relationship within the power constraints of the healthcare delivery system. It is a tool that probes for gaps, silences, and false construction in discourse within this relationship in order to identify excluded or marginalized voices. It provides an opportunity to question historical influences, confront unquestioned norms and values and their relevance in today’s nursing practice. Power is examined as knowledge and as moral, and is explored within the patient-nurse hierarchy. As a method, CST facilitates understanding of caring in nursing.

scholarly journals Revisiting the social determinants of health agenda from the global South

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Borde
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Social Medicine ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
The Social

Abstract Background One of the most marked characteristics of the global social structure is the existence of substantial social inequalities in wealth, which also find expression in health inequalities between and within countries. In an effort to provide an overview of the conceptual debates shaping the mobilisation around social determinants of health and health inequities, two of the most influential approaches in the field are compared: the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health approach (CSDH), strongly influenced by European Social Medicine, and the Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health (LASM-CH) Social determination of the health-disease process approach, hitherto largely invisibilized. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted in three databases (Lilacs, Scielo, Medline/Pubmed), reference lists of selected papers, and citations in Google Scholar, including book titles. Results It is argued that the debates shaping the SDH agenda do not merely reflect terminological and conceptual differences, but essentially different ethical-political proposals that define the way health inequities are understood and proposed to be transformed. Conclusions While the health equity and SDH agenda probably also gained momentum due to the broad political alliance it managed to consolidate, it is necessary to make differences explicit as this allows for an increase in the breadth and specificity of the debate, facilitating the recognition of contextually relevant proposals towards the reduction of health inequities. Key messages Debates shaping the SDH agenda do not merely reflect terminological or conceptual differences, but distinct ethical-political proposals. Differences need to be discussed and made explicit to guide the development of contextually relevant efforts to reduce health inequities.

The Ways of Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-354
Author(s):  
P. J. E. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Construction Of Science

This chapter explores some lessons to be drawn from the historical development of cosmology, which may illustrate the nature of the enterprise of natural science. It is obvious but must be stated that research in the natural sciences depends on technology that was developed largely for other purposes. Technology enabled far more efficient measurements of galaxy redshifts. However, the technology that made this possible was not aimed at astronomy; it was adapted, in part for the purpose of obtaining enough data on galaxy positions and motions for a meaningful determination of the cosmic mean mass density. It is also obvious that the ways of research in science are the ways people tend to operate in general. A working condition that may be particularly relevant for cosmology is the tendency to take a personal interest in the results: how did our universe begin, what is it like now, and how might it end? The chapter then considers the social construction of science.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-174
Author(s):  
Alexander Bukh
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

This chapter summarizes the findings of this book. It draws a number of conclusions regarding the factors that spur the emergence of territorial disputes—related national identity entrepreneurship, and analyzes the factors that account for the difference in the social reception of the narratives in the respective societies. It also outlines the implications of these case studies for our understanding of the social construction of a disputed territory and for the broader constructivist International Relations literature on national identity.

National Identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 168-182
Author(s):  
Edgaras Klivis
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Jean Genet

This chapter aims at presenting the complex correlations between nationalism and modern theater with a special focus on performative construction of national identity. Whether seen as primordial essence or as a social construction national identity is grounded on public rituals and artistic practices (rather than rational ideological systems) which makes theatrical stage, along with print, museums, other media, central to understanding how imagined communities come into being and continue their existence into the global contemporary society. The chapter addresses the question of how the theatrical apparatus of bourgeois theater and staged representations in national theaters function in forming theatrical nationhood as well as concepts (postcolonialism), strategies (theatrical public sphere), artists (Jean Genet), and practices (interweaving performance cultures) that contest the dominant modes of performing national identity.

Dynamics of Ethnic Stereotypes of Russian and Ukrainian Youth under the Changing Social and Political Situation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
А. Гайнанова ◽  
A. Gaynanova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article addresses the concept of ethnicity, interethnic relations. There has been made an analysis of the concept of ethnic stereotype, identification of its components, determination of types of ethnic stereotypes, study of the reasons for the transformation of ethnic stereotypes. The goal of this study is to evaluate the changes in social and political situation on ethnic stereotypes of Russian and Ukrainian students. The article features results of an empiric study which reveals changes in contents, quantity and orientation of ethnic stereotypes of Russian and Ukrainian students in connection with the social and political situation between the Russian Federation and the Ukraine. The number of genuine stereotypes both at Russian and Ukrainian students has decreased. The contents and number of auto stereotypes has changed: increased at the Russians, decreased at the Ukrainians. The number of heterostereotypes has declined, the attitude towards members of its own ethnic group has remained positive, while towards members of another ethnic group has become less positive.

scholarly journals Determination or determinants? A debate based on the Theory on the Social Production of Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal David
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Determination Of Health

This article aims to discuss the concepts of Social Determination of Health and Social Determinants of Health, by establishing a comparison between each of their guiding perspectives and investigating their implications on the development of health policies and health actions. We propose a historical and conceptual reflection, highlighting the Theory on the Social Production of Health, followed by a debate on the concepts, with a comparative approach among them.

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