interethnic relations
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2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 962-984
Author(s):  
L. F. Fakhrutdinova ◽  
S. T. M. Shauamri

This paper presents the results of analyzing the psychological patterns of the development of ethnic identity and interethnic relations in the multinational Levant Region, where interethnic confrontation between Palestinians and Israelis has been noted in recent years. The main aim of the research is to reveal the relationship between the characteristics of Ethnic Identity and the Experience (“perezhivanie”) of Interethnic Relations of Palestinian Muslims in the multicultural Levant Region. In the process of investigating into ethnic self-awareness the authors used the Leary Test, the Semantic Diff erential of “Perezhivanie” ‘Experiencing’ Questionnaire by L.R. Fakhrutdinova aimed at studying the psychosemantic characteristics of the “perezhivanie” ‘experiencing’. The research has displayed that Ethnic Identity is a self-developing phenomenon, basically infl uenced by both the infrastructural relations and positions of ethnic self-awareness, and the processes associated with the relations of ethnic self-awareness with the external environment, with other ethnic groups. The most active points of development have been identifi ed. So, in intrastructural relations, they are active as ratios of I-real and I-mirror with a stronger position of I-ideal, since practically all dimensions of I-real and I-ideal (dominance, egoism, suspicion, etc.) have shown signifi cant diff erences that testify to the points and directions of development of ethnic self-awareness; positions in the relationship between the real self and the mirror self also exerted an active infl uence. The points of confl ict of the structures of ethnic self-consciousness were found, where, when the points of development coincided, the direction of development was diff erent. Thus, suspicion, obedience, dependence, friendliness, integrative indicators of dominance and friendliness have shown themselves to be confl ict points refl ecting confl ict zones between the infl uence of an external ethnic group (mirror self) and self-development processes manifested through the ideal self. In the situation of relations with the external environment, the most active was shown by the self-mirror, which infl uences the development of the subjectivity of the ethnic group through the components of the experience of the Palestinian-Israeli crisis. The infl uence of the real self on the characteristics of the “perezhivanie” ‘experiencing’ of the PalestinianIsraeli crisis was also manifested, and therefore, through the components of the “perezhivanie” ‘experiencing’ of this impression on the development of the self-awareness of the ethnic group.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Elena Shchegolkova

The article is devoted to the analysis of interethnic relations in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) against the background of the coronavirus pandemic. The study was conducted taking into account the methodology of monitoring studies implemented by the FADN of Russia. This material presents data that allow us to make comparisons with representative ethnosociological studies carried out in the RS(Ya) in different years, and to trace the patterns of development of interethnic relations. The article presents conclusions about the state of interethnic relations in the RS (Ya) in 2020. The results of the study allow us to speak about a benevolent interethnic climate in the republic: 75% of Yakuts assess interethnic relations in the republic as benevolent and normal. These indicators are close to the all-Russian ones. The analysis of assessments of interethnic relations in the settlements of the republic for the period 2015–2020 shows a positive dynamics. The interethnic attitudes of the respondents demonstrate a positive trend – 70–80% of the respondents expressed their readiness for interethnic interactions in the labor and informal spheres. The dynamics of measurements on the Bogardus scale demonstrates a steady reduction in the socio-cultural distance. The factors influencing the current trends in interethnic attitudes are highlighted. Negative assessments of the social well-being of the population affect the perception of interethnic relations. Those who are dissatisfied with their life and financial situation are more likely to assess the interethnic situation in their locality as tense.


Author(s):  
Elena A. Omelchenko ◽  
Anna A. Shevtsova

Intensive migration processes of the last thirty years, where the Russian Federation is an active participant, lead to a gradual change in the ethnic composition of residents in a number of Russian regions. On the basis of field research in a number of educational organizations of Sverdlovsk region in 2021 and the analysis of the situation in the field of interethnic relations, the authors substantiate the need for the formation of intercultural competence by means of education. By the population composition with the passing of time Sverdlovsk Region will eventually become even more multinational, including due to migrants from the Central Asian countries coming both to work and to obtain citizenship. The regional authorities take this aspect into account in their work with the population: there is an Advisory Council for Nationalities, dozens of public organizations representing the ethno-cultural interests of a number of diasporas and ethnic groups, large interregional public organizations dealing with interethnic interaction. The problem of adapting children and youth from families with a migration history to a non-ethnic environment deserves attention, since the level of social tension and conflict of interethnic relations in the region where they live will potentially depend on the degree of their inclusion (integration) into the Russian society as they grow up. If multicultural Yekaterinburg schools and schools of Sverdlovsk region from time to time become the subject of consideration by researchers, there are no open access scientific publications of a complex nature that would systematically characterize the situation in the field of interethnic relations in educational organizations in the region, especially at the level of secondary vocational education. The study of the ethno-cultural component representation in the education system of Sverdlovsk region is conducted, as an example, the systematic work in forming intercultural competence in Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College is examined, recommendations are given to introduce “Ethics and culture of interethnic communication” as a basic discipline into the curricula of educational organizations of secondary vocational education.


Author(s):  
Ivan I. Boyko ◽  
Aleksey V. Karpov ◽  
Olga V. Karpova

The article presents the views of 30 experts on a number of national policy problems in the Chuvash Republic. According to experts, friendly, conflict-free interethnic and interconfessional relations prevail in Chuvashia, rare cases of negative interethnic contacts are characteristic of everyday situations, most often related to the use of native languages. The possibility of interethnic conflicts is considered as unlikely. They may be associated with potentially ill-conceived actions in the sphere of linguistic and other ethno-cultural interests of representatives of individual peoples. According to experts, preservation and improvement of good-neighborly relations between representatives of certain ethnic groups are greatly influenced by the verified national policy and successful economic development of the republic. Some experts support the opinion which prevails among the republic population on the negative impact of labor migrants on the labor market opportunities for the old-age population, although statistics data do not confirm such attitudes. From experts’ viewpoint, successful implementation of national policy in the republic could be facilitated by organization of a special state management structure (ministry, committee), active involvement of enthusiasts in national cultural associations in various management issues, regular ethnological monitoring, dissemination of positive practices in the field of interethnic relations, etc. In general, experts believe that there is no noticeable influence of the ethnic factor on real politics in Chuvashia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-714
Author(s):  
Denis Arkadievich Chernienko

The article presents some results of a sociological survey within the framework of the second stage of work on the topic “Ethnic factor in the socio-political life of the regions of Russia: from ethnopolitical mobilization to civic integration (the Republics of Bashkortostan, Mari El, Mordovia, Udmurtia, Chuvashia)”, conducted among the students of Izhevsk. The survey was aimed at identifying current youth problems and studying social identities, the nature of interethnic relations, the peculiarities of ethnopolitical processes in the republic, the perception of migrants, the public activity of student youth in the capital of Udmurtia. According to preliminary results, new social risks and threats related to the pandemic and attacks on educational organizations are being updated; the trend of the formation of Russian identity continues; the assessment of the sphere of inter-ethnic relations differs at the federal and regional levels, while some conflict potential remains; at the same time, there is no request for active protest actions among young people; there are sentiments on migration outflow from the region under the influence of a whole range of reasons and concerns related to the possible mass arrival of new arrivals in the region; social activity of students is multi-vector, the desire to prove themselves in the work of ethno-cultural organizations is not among the priorities. The results of the study will be used to develop practical recommendations to the authorities and public associations involved in the implementation of the state youth policy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Victoria GALYAPINA ◽  
Oksana TUCHINA ◽  
Ivan APOLLONOV

The Armenian diaspora is one of the largest in Russia and in the world. The Armenians living in the Krasnodar Territory are a large and active group, thus, an investigation into the problem of their acculturation is of scientific and practical importance. Based on the theory of social identity, the theory of acculturation, and the regional socio-cultural context, the study focused on the role of ethnic, regional and Russian national (civic) identities and diaspora activity in the acculturation of the Armenians in the Krasnodar Territory. The study used the scales from the MIRIPS project questionnaire (Mutual Intercultural Relations in Plural Societies). The sample consisted of 181 respondents. Using structural equation modeling, the ethnic and Russian national identities of the Armenians living in the Krasnodar Territory were revealed as factors that contributed to their integration, and regional identity—as factors that fostered assimilation. Diaspora activity was determined by both ethnic and regional identity and predicted the Armenians’ attitudes towards integration and separation. Also, diaspora activity of the Armenians in the Kuban region facilitated the interconnection of ethnic and regional identities with the separation strategy. In general, the study revealed that all identities (ethnic, regional and Russian national) contribute to a certain degree to the acceptance of the host society culture by the Armenians in the Krasnodar Territory. At the same time, diaspora activity can be an effective mechanism for the adaptation of migrants or a source of problems associated with increased impenetrability of diaspora’s borders, the migrants’ exclusive focus on their ethnic group and their decreased desire for sociocultural integration into the host society. It is important to take this into account when shaping the regional interethnic relations policy.


Al-Farabi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
G. Zhalelova ◽  
◽  
S. Rakimzhanova ◽  
Y. Mukhanbetkaliev ◽  
◽  
...  

In a globalized society, the issue of interethnic relations is one of the most important human relations. The article identifies the foundations of interethnic relations in Kazakhstan and focuses on its cultural and philosophical aspects. Scientific analysis is carried out, studying the peculiarities of interethnic relations in modern society. A special place in this article is given to the study of national issues, the relationship of ethnicity with other social actors. The culture of interethnic relations is defined, its historical character and values are studied.


Author(s):  
А.Ю. Полунов

В статье рассматривается процесс выработки концептуальных и институциональных основ научного обеспечения государственной национальной политики в постсоветский период. Отмечается, что необходимость разработки новых подходов к анализу этнополитических процессов, совершенствования механизмов научной экспертизы была связана с резким обострением межэтнической напряженности в конце 1980-х – начале 1990-х гг. В новых условиях выдвигались концепции, подчеркивавшие значительную роль субъективного фактора в определении этнических идентичностей, возможность смены самоидентификации, изменчивость межгрупповых границ. Делался акцент на необходимость формирования гражданской нации, объединяющей россиян независимо от этнической и конфессиональной принадлежности. Идеи, связанных с указанными положениями, нашли отражение в основополагающих государственных актах Российской Федерации – Конституции 1993 г., Концепции государственной национальной политики. Воплотить в жизнь новые принципы должен был ряд законов, в частности, закон о национально-культурных автономиях 1996 г. Вместе с тем острые дискуссии в академическом сообществе по вопросу о природе этничности, постепенное снижение интереса властей к регулированию межэтнических отношений затруднили выстраивание эффективной системы научного обоснования государственной национальной политики. Существенные позитивные сдвиги в этой области происходят только в 2010-е гг. The article examines the institutional mechanisms and conceptual foundations of the scientific support of the state national policy in the post-Soviet period. The need to develop new approaches to the analysis of ethnopolitical processes and improve the mechanisms of scientific expertise was caused by the rise of interethnic tension in the late 1980s - early 1990s. The concepts proposed in the new situation emphasized the significant role of the subjective factor in ethnic identification, the possibility of changing self-identification, and the variability of intergroup boundaries. Emphasis was placed on forming a civil nation that would unite all Russians regardless of ethnicity and confessional affiliation. These ideas influenced important provisions of the fundamental state acts of the Russian Federation - the Constitution of 1993, the Concept of State Ethnic Policy. A number of laws were supposed to implement the new principles, particularly the 1996 Law on national and cultural autonomies. At the same time, heated discussions in the academic community on the nature of ethnicity, the gradual decline of the authorities' interest in regulating interethnic relations made it difficult to build an effective system of scientific support of the state ethnic policy. Significant positive shifts in this area took place only in the 2010s.


2021 ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
З.В. КАНУКОВА ◽  
К.Ф. ДЗАМИХОВ

Идея формирования единой общности «советский народ», озвученная на ХХII съезде КПСС в 1961 году, поставила перед гуманитарной наукой задачу теоретического обоснования формирования «нового типа исторической общности». Этнокультурное многообразие народов страны представлялось препятствием в решении этой стратегической задачи, поэтому в научной повестке появились вопросы унификации этнического самосознания, культуры, быта и духовных ценностей. В настоящей статье представлен историографический обзор работ северокавказских ученых 1960-1980 годов, позволивший определить влияние государственной национальной политики страны на региональную гуманитарную науку. Выявлено, что главными тенденциями северокавказского сегмента советской историографии были критика пережитков прошлого, устаревших традиций, обоснование необходимости новой советской обрядовой культуры и разработка практических рекомендаций по ее внедрению. Работа на поставленную задачу плохо сочеталась с другими, действительно важными для науки проблемами национальной культуры и самосознания, межнациональных отношений. Вместе с тем, северокавказские ученые, принимая активное участие в дискуссиях по поводу этнических дефиниций «нация», «традиция», «обычай», «обряд» и других не ограничивались пропагандой и агитацией. В условиях непоследовательной национальной политики они столь же непоследовательно и противоречиво обсуждали соотношение национального и интернационального в культуре, разрабатывали модели «синтетической традиции», которая бы совмещала национальные формы с социалистическим содержанием. Вместе с тем высказывали достаточно смелые мысли о перегибах в борьбе с традиционной культурой, об искусственном разрыве связи времен и препятствии освоению культурного наследия, об исторической обусловленности, динамичности и подвижности традиции. Сделан вывод о негативном влиянии идеологического пресса на гуманитарную науку, в частности на этнологию и на очевидный, но не в полной мере реализованный потенциал ученых-кавказоведов. The idea of forming a single community of "Soviet people", voiced at the XXII Congress of the CPSU in 1961, set before the humanitarian science the task of theoretical justification for the formation of a "new type of historical community". The ethno-cultural diversity of the peoples of the country seemed to be an obstacle in solving this strategic task, so the issues of unification of ethnic identity, culture, everyday life and spiritual values appeared on the scientific agenda. This article presents a historiographical review of the works of North Caucasian scientists of 1960-1980, which made it possible to determine the impact of the state national policy of the country on the regional humanities. It is revealed that the main trends of the North Caucasian segment of the Soviet historiography were criticism of the remnants of the past, outdated traditions, justification of the need for a new Soviet ritual culture and practical recommendations for its implementation. Work on the task was poorly combined with other, really important for science problems of national culture and self-consciousness, interethnic relations. At the same time, the North Caucasian scholars, taking active part in discussions about ethnic definitions of "nation", "tradition", "custom", "rite" and others, were not limited to propaganda and agitation. In the conditions of inconsistent national policy, they equally inconsistently and contradictory discussed the ratio of national and international in culture, developed models of "synthetic tradition" that would combine national forms with socialist content. At the same time, they expressed rather bold thoughts about excesses in the fight against traditional culture, about the artificial rupture of the connection of times and obstacles to the development of cultural heritage, about the historical conditionality, dynamism and mobility of tradition. The conclusion is made about the negative influence of the ideological press on the humanities, in particular, on ethnology and on the obvious, but not fully realized potential of the Caucasian scientists.


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