Using High Speed Camera Metrology in Support of Failure Analysis and Product Development

Author(s):  
Wade Hezeltine ◽  
Richard L. Williams ◽  
Frank Z. Liang

Abstract Typical failure analyses metrologies for dynamic failures are cross-sections, microscopy, dye-and-pull, optical and SEM. Using these traditional metrologies to find root cause for a dynamic event can be very time consuming and often the results cannot point directly to the root cause itself. The standard approach is to work backward to reconstruct the “event” that caused or initiated the failure. Often the root cause is not immediately obvious and iterative testing to identify the true root cause is costly in time, materials and resources. At Intel we have been using high speed imaging and motion analysis (HSIMA) to identify the failure at the point of initiation. Using the point of initiation concept with reconstructive modeling allows a design team to identify potential initiating sources and better match and implement corrective action. HSIMS has proven to decreases development time, minimized product design cycle and increases market opportunities by decreasing cycle times to root cause of failures.

Author(s):  
Wade Hezeltine ◽  
Frank Z. Liang

Historically, the most common failure analyses metrologies have been dye-and-pull, cross-sections, microscopy, optical and SEM. Using these traditional metrologies to find a root cause from a dynamic event can be very time consuming and sometimes inconclusive. The standard methodology is to work backward to reconstruct the “event” that caused or initiated failure. Often times the root cause is not immediately obvious and design improvements require an iterative process to identify the true root cause. This approach is costly in time, materials and resources. A high speed camera (HSC) allows identification of failure from a point of initiation. Using the point of initiation concept with reconstructive modeling allows a design team to discover potential initiating sources and better match a cause to the effect and implement corrective action. This decreases development time, minimizing product design cycle and increases market opportunities.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1755-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Ku Yu ◽  
Pei-Rong Hsieh ◽  
Sandra E. Yuter ◽  
Lin-Wen Cheng ◽  
Chia-Lun Tsai ◽  
...  

Abstract. Acquisition of accurate raindrop fall speed measurements outdoors in natural rain by means of moderate-cost and easy-to-use devices represents a long-standing and challenging issue in the meteorological community. Feasibility experiments were conducted to evaluate the indoor accuracy of fall speed measurements made with a high-speed camera and to evaluate its capability for outdoor applications. An indoor experiment operating in calm conditions showed that the high-speed imaging technique can provide fall speed measurements with a mean error of 4.1–9.7 % compared to Gunn and Kinzer's empirical fall-speed–size relationship for typical sizes of rain and drizzle drops. Results obtained using the same apparatus outside in summer afternoon showers indicated larger positive and negative velocity deviations compared to the indoor measurements. These observed deviations suggest that ambient flow and turbulence play a role in modifying drop fall speeds which can be quantified with future outdoor high-speed camera measurements. Because the fall speed measurements, as presented in this article, are analyzed on the basis of tracking individual, specific raindrops, sampling uncertainties commonly found in the widely adopted optical disdrometers can be significantly mitigated.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-K. Yu ◽  
P.- R. Hsieh ◽  
S. E. Yuter ◽  
L.- W. Cheng ◽  
C.- L. Tsai ◽  
...  

Abstract. The acquisition of accurate rain drop fall speed measurements outdoors in natural rain represents a long-standing and challenging issue in the meteorological community. Feasibility experiments were conducted to evaluate the indoor accuracy of fall speed measurements made with a high-speed camera and to evaluate its capability for outdoor applications. An indoor experiment operating in calm conditions showed that the high-speed imaging technique can provide fall speed measurements with a mean error of 4.1~9.7% compared to Gunn and Kinzer’s empirical fall speed-size relationship for typical sizes of rain and drizzle drops. Results obtained using the same apparatus outside in summer afternoon showers indicated larger, positive and negative velocity deviations compared to the indoor measurements. These observed deviations suggest that ambient flow and turbulence play a role in modifying drop fall speeds which can be quantified with future outdoor high-speed camera measurements. Because the fall speed measurements, as presented in this article, are analyzed on the basis of tracking individual, specific rain drops, sampling uncertainties commonly found in the widely adopted optical disdrometers can be significantly mitigated.


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 281s-294s
Author(s):  
P. P. G. RIBEIRO ◽  
◽  
P. D. C. ASSUNÇÃO ◽  
E. M. BRAGA ◽  
R. A. RIBEIRO ◽  
...  

The hot-wire gas metal arc welding (HW-GMAW) process is widely used to increase the melting rate of a secondary wire through Joule heating without significantly increasing the total heat input to the substrate. Because there is limit-ed knowledge regarding the associated arc dynamics and its influence on bead geometry, the present study considers how these are affected by the hot-wire polarity (negative or positive), hot-wire feed rate, and hot-wire orientation using a two-factor full factorial experiment with three replicates. During welding, high-speed imaging synchronized with current and voltage acquisition to study the arc dynamics. After this, each replicated weld was cut into three cross sections, which were examined by standard metallography. The preliminary results suggest that the arc was stable within the range of process parameters studied. The arc polarity played a role on arc position relative to the hot wire, with a decrease in penetration depth observed when the arc was attracted to the hot wire.


2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-210
Author(s):  
Meghashyam Panyam ◽  
Beshah Ayalew ◽  
Timothy Rhyne ◽  
Steve Cron ◽  
John Adcox

ABSTRACT This article presents a novel experimental technique for measuring in-plane deformations and vibration modes of a rotating nonpneumatic tire subjected to obstacle impacts. The tire was mounted on a modified quarter-car test rig, which was built around one of the drums of a 500-horse power chassis dynamometer at Clemson University's International Center for Automotive Research. A series of experiments were conducted using a high-speed camera to capture the event of the rotating tire coming into contact with a cleat attached to the surface of the drum. The resulting video was processed using a two-dimensional digital image correlation algorithm to obtain in-plane radial and tangential deformation fields of the tire. The dynamic mode decomposition algorithm was implemented on the deformation fields to extract the dominant frequencies that were excited in the tire upon contact with the cleat. It was observed that the deformations and the modal frequencies estimated using this method were within a reasonable range of expected values. In general, the results indicate that the method used in this study can be a useful tool in measuring in-plane deformations of rolling tires without the need for additional sensors and wiring.


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