Experimental Measurement of In-Plane Rolling Nonpneumatic Tire Vibrations Using High-Speed Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-210
Author(s):  
Meghashyam Panyam ◽  
Beshah Ayalew ◽  
Timothy Rhyne ◽  
Steve Cron ◽  
John Adcox
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Correlation Algorithm ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Plane Deformations ◽  
Dominant Frequencies

ABSTRACT This article presents a novel experimental technique for measuring in-plane deformations and vibration modes of a rotating nonpneumatic tire subjected to obstacle impacts. The tire was mounted on a modified quarter-car test rig, which was built around one of the drums of a 500-horse power chassis dynamometer at Clemson University's International Center for Automotive Research. A series of experiments were conducted using a high-speed camera to capture the event of the rotating tire coming into contact with a cleat attached to the surface of the drum. The resulting video was processed using a two-dimensional digital image correlation algorithm to obtain in-plane radial and tangential deformation fields of the tire. The dynamic mode decomposition algorithm was implemented on the deformation fields to extract the dominant frequencies that were excited in the tire upon contact with the cleat. It was observed that the deformations and the modal frequencies estimated using this method were within a reasonable range of expected values. In general, the results indicate that the method used in this study can be a useful tool in measuring in-plane deformations of rolling tires without the need for additional sensors and wiring.

Emulsion Jet in Crossflow Atomization Characteristics and Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Leask ◽  
Vincent G. McDonell ◽  
Scott Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neat Water ◽  
Jet In Crossflow ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Behavior ◽  
Atomization Characteristics

This work presents the atomization characteristics and dynamics of water-in-heptane (W/H) emulsions injected into a gaseous crossflow. W/H mixtures were tested while varying momentum flux ratios and aerodynamic Weber numbers. Different injector orifice diameters and orifice length-to-diameter ratios were used to test the generality of the results. The atomization properties of W/H mixtures were compared with properties of neat water and neat heptane to evaluate the effect of an emulsion on droplet sizing, cross-sectional stability and dispersion, and jet penetration depth. Liquid dynamics were extracted through analyzing instantaneous spray measurements and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) on high-speed video recordings of the atomization processes. Correlations were proposed to establish preliminary relationships between fundamental spray processes and test conditions. These correlations allowed for emulsion behavior to be compared with neat liquid behavior. The use of emulsions induces greater spray instability than through using neat liquids, likely due to the difficulty in injecting a stable emulsion. Neat liquid correlations were produced and successfully predicted various spray measurements. These correlations, however, indicate that injector geometry has an effect on spray properties which need to be addressed independently. The emulsions are unable to adhere to the neat liquid correlations suggesting that an increased number of correlation terms are required to adequately predict emulsion behavior.

Emulsion Jet in Crossflow Atomization Characteristics and Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Leask ◽  
Vincent G. McDonell ◽  
Scott Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neat Water ◽  
Jet In Crossflow ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Behavior ◽  
Atomization Characteristics

This work presents the atomization characteristics and dynamics of water-in-heptane (W/H) emulsions injected into a gaseous crossflow. W/H mixtures were tested while varying momentum flux ratios and aerodynamic Weber numbers. Different injector orifice diameters and orifice length-to-diameter ratios were used to test the generality of the results. The atomization properties of W/H mixtures were compared with properties of neat water and neat heptane to evaluate the effect of an emulsion on droplet sizing, cross-sectional stability and dispersion, and jet penetration depth. Liquid dynamics were extracted through analyzing instantaneous spray measurements and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) on high-speed video recordings of the atomization processes. Correlations were proposed to establish preliminary relationships between fundamental spray processes and test conditions. These correlations allowed for emulsion behavior to be compared with neat liquid behavior. The use of emulsions induces greater spray instability than through using neat liquids, likely due to the difficulty in injecting a stable emulsion. Neat liquid correlations were produced and successfully predicted various spray measurements. These correlations, however, indicate that injector geometry has an effect on spray properties, which need to be addressed independently. The emulsions are unable to adhere to the neat liquid correlations suggesting that an increased number of correlation terms are required to adequately predict emulsion behavior.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Cavitation Dynamics over a NACA66 Hydrofoil near a Free Surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiezhi Sun ◽  
Qingmo Xie ◽  
Li Zou ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Chang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Characteristic Mode ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Cavitation Intensity ◽  
Lift And Drag

Cavitation is a typical and unavoidable phenomenon for small waterline ships and high-speed vehicles. It creates a highly complex multiphase flow near the free surface and is primarily represented by the free surface-cavitation interaction. In this paper, the large-eddy method and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model are combined to address the effects of a free surface on the cavitation dynamics of a NACA66 hydrofoil. The numerical method is validated by comparing the cavitation morphology and pressure with available experimental data. The results show that the presence of a free surface affects the cavitation evolution and hydrodynamic load characteristics. Compared with the non-free surface case for the same cavitation number, the free surface suppresses the cavitation intensity and increases the frequency of cavitation shedding. Furthermore, an improved dynamic mode decomposition method is applied to investigate the unsteady cavitation flow features. The results show a correlation between the characteristic mode and the flow state. Meanwhile, the presence of a free surface is found to reduce the energy content in each order mode and results in smaller scale of the coherent structure in higher-order modes. Moreover, with increasing distance from the hydrofoil to the free surface, the cavitation intensity increases, as well as the average lift and drag coefficients. In particular, significant free-surface unsteady fluctuations are observed in the wake region.

scholarly journals Effects of Bogies on the Wake Flow of a High-Speed Train

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Liu ◽  
Dilong Guo ◽  
Zijian Zhang ◽  
Dawei Chen ◽  
Guowei Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Wake Flow ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Detached Eddy Simulation ◽  
Wake Flows ◽  
Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Unsteady Characteristics

The wake region of high-speed trains is an area of complex turbulent flow characterized by the periodic generation and shedding of vortices, which causes discomfort to passengers and affects the stability and safety of the train. In this study, the unsteady characteristics of the wake flows of three 1:1 scale China Railway High-Speed 380A (CRH380A) high-speed train models with different degrees of simplification were numerically investigated using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method. Analyses of the aerodynamic forces, train-induced slipstream, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) were conducted to determine the effects of the bogies on the wake flow of the high-speed train. It was found that the existence of bogies on the bottom of the train, especially the last bogie, not only enhanced the wake flow but also introduced large perturbances into the wake flow. Moreover, the generation and evolution of the vortices in the wake flows were determined by analyzing the instantaneous flow fields and coherent flow structures that were obtained by the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method. The results showed that a pair of large, counter-rotating streamwise vortices in the real model of the high-speed train was generated by the cowcatcher and their intensity was significantly enhanced by perturbances that were introduced by the bogies on the bottom of the train.

Numerical study of high speed jets in crossflow

2015 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 152-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochuan Chai ◽  
Prahladh S. Iyer ◽  
Krishnan Mahesh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Supersonic Jet ◽  
Jet Flow ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Sonic Jet

Large-eddy simulation (LES) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) are used to study an underexpanded sonic jet injected into a supersonic crossflow and an overexpanded supersonic jet injected into a subsonic crossflow, where the flow conditions are based on the experiments of Santiago & Dutton (J. Propul. Power, vol. 13 (2), 1997, pp. 264–273) and Beresh et al. (AIAA J., vol. 43, 2005a, pp. 379–389), respectively. The simulations successfully reproduce experimentally observed shock systems and vortical structures. The time averaged flow fields are compared to the experimental results, and good agreement is observed. The behaviour of the flow is discussed, and the similarities and differences between the two regimes are studied. The trajectory of the transverse jet is investigated. A modification to Schetz et al.’s theory is proposed (Schetz & Billig, J. Spacecr. Rockets, vol. 3, 1996, pp. 1658–1665), which yields good prediction of the jet trajectories in the current simulations in the near field. Point spectra taken at various locations in the flowfield indicate a global oscillation for the sonic jet flow, wherein different regions in the flow oscillate with a frequency of $St=fD/u_{\infty }=0.3$. For supersonic jet flow, no such global frequency is observed. Dynamic mode decomposition of the three-dimensional pressure field obtained from LES is performed and shows the same behaviour. The DMD results indicate that the $St=0.3$ mode is dominant between the upstream barrel shock and the bow shock for the sonic jet, while the roll up of the upstream shear layer is dominant for the supersonic jet.

scholarly journals Dynamic Mode Decomposition of Elliptical Liquid Jets in Crossflow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keivan Mokhtarpour ◽  
Mehdi Jadidi ◽  
Ali Dolatabadi
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Arnoldi Method ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Mode Decomposition

Dynamics of round and elliptical liquid jets in subsonic crossflow is studied using high-speed imaging technique. The experiments are performed at constant gaseous weber number and liquid-gas momentum flux ratio of 6.45 and 17.87 respectively, with orifices of different aspect ratios having an equivalent diameter of 0.43 mm. All cases are carried out inside an open loop subsonic wind tunnel with a test section of 100*100*750 mm. For each case, dynamic modes are generated directly from the snapshots using a variant of Arnoldi method known as the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). DMD results indicate that elliptical liquid jets have more small-scaled patterns with higher frequencies compared to the case of round liquid jets. As the first attempt to investigate the dynamics of elliptical liquid jets in crossflow, present work captures the dominant spatio-temporal structures. It is also found that the orifice aspect ratio can alter the jet wavelengths remarkably. The extracted data of this work can provide beneficial information on the behaviour of elliptical liquid jets exposed to the gas crossflow in the enhanced capillary breakup regime.

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