Remediation and Transformation of Kaolin by Plasma Magmavication

In situ plasma magmavication is a powerful and expedient technique for melting soil that subsequently cools to form a glassy igneous rock. A nontransferred arc plasma torch provides temperatures exceeding 4000°C that can be positioned within boreholes as a means of ground improvement or for environmental restoration of contaminated soils. The process is similar to in situ vitrification by embedded graphite electrodes, yet the nontransferred arc is a considerably more efficient process. The artificial rock can be left in place or, alternatively, may be exhumed and stored. The effectiveness of plasma remediation on uncontaminated and contaminated kaolin was investigated through a preliminary series of laboratory chamber tests with small dosages of chemical, biological, and nuclear surrogates. It is believed that the process pyrolizes organic contaminants, while locking the inorganic contaminants within the glass matrix. Measurements in compressive strength, stiffness, porosity, and mass density verified the transformation of soil to rock with improved material characteristics.

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THE DIFFERENT FACES OF BIOCHAR: CONTAMINATION RISK VERSUS REMEDIATION TOOL

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/16486897.2016.1254089 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 86-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Isabel HILBER ◽

Ana Catarina BASTOS ◽

Susana LOUREIRO ◽

Gerhard SOJA ◽

Aleksandra MARSZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Organic Contaminants ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Field Studies ◽

Distribution Coefficients ◽

Inorganic Contaminants ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Source And Sink ◽

Term Field

This article reviews the different aspects of biochar as source and sink of organic and inorganic contaminants. Biochar can contain organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or heavy metals. As the distribution coefficients of the biochar especially for contaminants are high, the freely dissolved concentrations are low and with that also the bioavailability. The link between biochar’s inherent contaminants and toxicity to soil meso– and macro–fauna remains unclear, with data being often contradictory and influenced by feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. The biochar’s potential to remediate contaminated soils has mainly been addressed in lab studies, but rarely in the field. This far, results have been contradicting. Many studies reported successful immobilization of contaminants but some not. In summary, the ambivalent face of the biochar with regard to contaminants prevails. In future, long term field studies are needed to properly address the sustainability of biochar in this respect.

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MOTION OF ANODE ATTACHMENT AND FLUCTUATIONS OF PLASMA JET IN DC ARC PLASMA TORCH

High Temperature Material Processes An International Quarterly of High-Technology Plasma Processes ◽

10.1615/hightempmatproc.v1.i2.20 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 167-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Milan Hrabovsky ◽

M. Konrad ◽

Vladimir Kopecky ◽

J. Hlina ◽

J. Benes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Torch ◽

Plasma Jet ◽

Arc Plasma ◽

Arc Plasma Torch ◽

Dc Arc ◽

Dc Arc Plasma Torch

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EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON BEHAVIOR OF ANODE ATTACHMENT OF DC ARC PLASMA TORCH

High Temperature Material Processes An International Quarterly of High-Technology Plasma Processes ◽

10.1615/hightempmatproc.v9.i3.60 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 391-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Milan Hrabovsky ◽

O. Chumak ◽

Vladimir Kopecky ◽

M. Konrad ◽

T. Kavka

Keyword(s):

Plasma Torch ◽

Arc Plasma ◽

Effect Of Pressure ◽

Arc Plasma Torch ◽

Dc Arc ◽

Dc Arc Plasma Torch

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A STUDY ON GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECNIQUE WITH IN-SITU MICROOGANISMS ISOLATED FROM JAPAN

International Journal of Geomate ◽

10.21660/2017.32.6611 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Rusutsu Ito

Keyword(s):

Ground Improvement

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In situ and ex situ bioassays with Cantareus aspersus for environmental risk assessment of metal(loid) and PAH contaminated soils.

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ◽

10.1002/ieam.4480 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maxime Louzon ◽

Benjamin Pauget ◽

Frédéric Gimbert ◽

Nadia Morin‐Crini ◽

Janine WY Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Environmental Risk Assessment ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Cantareus Aspersus

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Ice-Phase Precipitation

Meteorological Monographs ◽

10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0013.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 6.1-6.36 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

I. Gultepe ◽

A. J. Heymsfield ◽

P. R. Field ◽

D. Axisa

Keyword(s):

Collection Efficiency ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Mass Density ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Phase Precipitation ◽

Microphysical Parameters ◽

Mass Size ◽

Ice Water ◽

Ice Phase

AbstractIce-phase precipitation occurs at Earth’s surface and may include various types of pristine crystals, rimed crystals, freezing droplets, secondary crystals, aggregates, graupel, hail, or combinations of any of these. Formation of ice-phase precipitation is directly related to environmental and cloud meteorological parameters that include available moisture, temperature, and three-dimensional wind speed and turbulence, as well as processes related to nucleation, cooling rate, and microphysics. Cloud microphysical parameters in the numerical models are resolved based on various processes such as nucleation, mixing, collision and coalescence, accretion, riming, secondary ice particle generation, turbulence, and cooling processes. These processes are usually parameterized based on assumed particle size distributions and ice crystal microphysical parameters such as mass, size, and number and mass density. Microphysical algorithms in the numerical models are developed based on their need for applications. Observations of ice-phase precipitation are performed using in situ and remote sensing platforms, including radars and satellite-based systems. Because of the low density of snow particles with small ice water content, their measurements and predictions at the surface can include large uncertainties. Wind and turbulence affecting collection efficiency of the sensors, calibration issues, and sensitivity of ground-based in situ observations of snow are important challenges to assessing the snow precipitation. This chapter’s goals are to provide an overview for accurately measuring and predicting ice-phase precipitation. The processes within and below cloud that affect falling snow, as well as the known sources of error that affect understanding and prediction of these processes, are discussed.

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