Box-Beam Burster Energy-Absorbing Single-Sided Crash Cushion

2002 ◽  
Vol 1797 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
John D. Reid ◽  
John R. Rohde ◽  
Dean L. Sicking
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Pickup Truck ◽  
Barrier Energy ◽  
Box Beam ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests

A new box-beam burster energy-absorbing single-sided crash cushion (BEAT-SSCC) was designed and crash tested. This energy-absorbing crash cushion is designed to shield a rigid hazard, such as the end of a concrete safety-shaped barrier. Energy-absorbing capabilities of the BEAT-SSCC are based on the bursting tube technology, similar to that used with the box-beam burster energy-absorbing terminal. Five full-scale vehicle crash tests were conducted to evaluate the impact performance of the BEAT-SSCC in accordance with guidelines set forth in NCHRP Report 350: ( a) Test Designation 3-31—pickup truck head-on test; ( b) Test Designation 3-38—pickup truck critical impact point test (two tests to evaluate two different critical impact points); ( c) Test Designation 3-39—pickup truck reverse direction test at midpoint of crash cushion, and ( d) modified Test Designation 3-39—pickup truck reverse direction test at connection to the concrete barrier. The crash cushion performed as designed, and the BEAT-SSCC meets all evaluation criteria for a Test Level 3 crash cushion set forth in NCHRP Report 350. The BEAT-SSCC is being evaluated by FHWA for approval to be used on the National Highway System.

Flared Energy-Absorbing Terminal Median Barrier

2002 ◽  
Vol 1797 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
John R. Rohde ◽  
John D. Reid ◽  
Dean L. Sicking
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Pickup Truck ◽  
Terminal Set ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests

The design and crash test results of a median barrier version of the Flared Energy-Absorbing Terminal, known as FLEAT-MT, are presented. This energy-absorbing terminal is designed for use with a W-beam, strong-post median barrier. The FLEAT-MT terminal uses two standard FLEAT terminals, one for each of the two W-beam rail elements. The energy-absorbing capability of the FLEAT-MT terminal is based on the sequential kinking concept, similar to that used with the Sequential Kinking Terminal and FLEAT guardrail terminals. Three full-scale vehicle crash tests were conducted to evaluate the impact performance of the FLEAT-MT terminal in accordance with guidelines set forth in NCHRP Report 350: Test 3-35—pickup truck redirection test (Test No. FMT-1), Test 3-31—pickup truck head-on test (Test No. FMT-2), and Test 3-39—pickup truck reverse-direction test (Test No. FMT-3M). The terminal performed as designed. The FLEAT-MT terminal meets all evaluation criteria for a Test Level 3 median barrier terminal set forth in NCHRP Report 350. The FLEAT-MT terminal is being evaluated by FHWA for approval to be used on the National Highway System.

NCHRP Report 350 Compliance Tests of the ET-2000

1996 ◽  
Vol 1528 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayes E. Ross ◽  
Wanda L. Menges ◽  
D. Lance Bullard
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests

The ET-2000 is one of the end treatments currently approved for use with W-beam guardrail systems. The ET-2000 has successfully met all evaluation criteria set forth in NCHRP Report 230. However, with the adoption of NCHRP Report 350 by FHWA as the official guidelines for crash testing of roadside safety features, it became necessary to reevaluate the ET-2000 to the new guidelines. It is noted that one of the design test vehicles specified in NCHRP Report 230, the 2044-kg passenger car, was replaced by a 2000-kg pickup truck (2000P) under NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. The purpose of the crash tests was to evaluate the ET-2000 according to NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. The ET-2000 met NCHRP Report 350 criteria for Performance Level 3 without any design modifications. All findings in this study demonstrate that the impact performance of the ET-2000 was satisfactory.

Box-Beam Burster Energy-Absorbing Terminal Bridge Pier Protection System

2003 ◽  
Vol 1851 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Rohde ◽  
Dean L. Sicking ◽  
John D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Bridge Pier ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Pickup Truck ◽  
Box Beam ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Crash Tests

A new box-beam burster energy-absorbing terminal (BEAT) bridge pier (BEAT-BP) protection system was successfully crash tested according to the safety performance criteria presented in NCHRP Report 350. The system comprises two BEAT crash cushions and a frame that envelops the bridge piers. Because of the close proximity to the piers, the system has a footprint significantly smaller than those of the other available options. Three crash tests were considered necessary to evaluate the BEAT-BP protection system and were conducted successfully: a pickup truck critical impact point (CIP) transition test at a bridge pier (Test Designation 3-21), a pickup truck CIP test at the connection between the crash cushion and the tubular frame structure (Test Designation 3-38), and a pickup truck end-on test for the crash cushion (Test Designation 3-31). A total of four crash tests were conducted, including one failed test (Test BP-2). The BEAT-BP protection system performed satisfactorily in all three required crash tests, meeting all evaluation criteria set forth in the guidelines of NCHRP Report 350.

scholarly journals Impact Performance Evaluation of a Crash Cushion Design Using Finite Element Simulation and Full-Scale Crash Testing

Safety ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Murat Büyük ◽  
Ali Atahan ◽  
Kenan Kurucuoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Plastic Energy ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Steel Cables ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests

Crash cushions are designed to gradually absorb the kinetic energy of an impacting vehicle and bring it to a controlled stop within an acceptable distance while maintaining a limited amount of deceleration on the occupants. These cushions are used to protect errant vehicles from hitting rigid objects, such as poles and barriers located at exit locations on roads. Impact performance evaluation of crash cushions are attained according to an EN 1317-3 standard based on various speed limits and impact angles. Crash cushions can be designed to absorb the energy of an impacting vehicle by using different material deformation mechanisms, such as metal plasticity supported by airbag folding or damping. In this study, a new crash cushion system, called the ulukur crash cushion (UCC), is developed by using linear, low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) containers supported by embedded plastic energy-absorbing tubes as dampers. Steel cables are used to provide anchorage to the design. The crashworthiness of the system was evaluated both numerically and experimentally. The finite element model of the design was developed and solved using LS-DYNA (971, LSTC, Livermore, CA, USA), in which the impact performance was evaluated considering the EN 1317 standard. Following the simulations, full-scale crash tests were performed to determine the performance of the design in containing and redirecting the impacting vehicle. Both the simulations and crash tests showed acceptable agreement. Further crash tests are planned to fully evaluate the crashworthiness of the new crash cushion system.

Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware Crash Testing and Evaluation of Multiple Mailbox Supports for Use with Locking Architectural Mailboxes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (7) ◽  
pp. 684-695
Author(s):  
Chiara Silvestri Dobrovolny ◽  
Roger P. Bligh ◽  
Justin Obinna ◽  
Mark McDaniel ◽  
Wade Odell
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests ◽  
Highway System

With increasing concern about mail-identity theft, there is a growing demand among homeowners and businesses for the use of locking mailboxes for theft deterrence and resistance to vandalism. Lockable mailbox products can be significantly larger and heavier than standard lightweight mailboxes. Therefore, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) requested evaluation of their crashworthiness before permitting their use on the state highway system. Under TxDOT Project 9-1002-12, crash tests were performed following the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) guidelines and procedures to assess the impact performance of lockable, secure mailboxes in both single and multiple mount configurations. Testing of the larger and heavier locking mailboxes on multiple-mount support posts was unsuccessful owing to vehicle windshield deformation and intrusion. This paper describes the efforts to develop and evaluate the crashworthiness of new proposed designs for multiple mailbox supports used with a combination of lockable and standard mailboxes. The crash tests were performed following MASH guidelines and the evaluation criteria. Two proposed designs were evaluated through full-scale crash testing. Both systems satisfied all required MASH evaluation criteria at low and high impact speeds using a passenger car, which was considered to be the critical design vehicle based on the mailbox mounting height.

Crash Testing and Evaluation of Work Zone Traffic Control Devices

1998 ◽  
Vol 1650 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
King K. Mak ◽  
Roger P. Bligh ◽  
Lewis R. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Traffic Control Devices ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Impact

Safety of work zones is a major area of concern since it is not always possible to maintain a level of safety comparable to that of a normal highway not under construction. Proper traffic control is critical to the safety of work zones. However, traffic control devices themselves may pose a safety hazard when impacted by errant vehicles. The impact performance of many work zone traffic control devices is mostly unknown, and little, if any, crash testing has been conducted in accordance with guidelines set forth in NCHRP Report 350. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has, in recent years, sponsored a number of studies at the Texas Transportation Institute to assess the impact performance of various work zone traffic control devices, including plastic drums and sign substrates, temporary and portable sign supports, plastic cones, vertical panels, and barricades. The results, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are presented for temporary and portable sign supports, plastic drums, sign substrates for use with plastic drums, traffic cones, and vertical panels, whereas those for barricades are covered elsewhere. Most of the work zone traffic control devices satisfactorily met the evaluation criteria set forth in NCHRP Report 350 and are recommended for field implementation. However, some of the devices failed to perform satisfactorily and are not recommended for field applications. The results from these studies are being incorporated into the TxDOT barricade and construction standard sheets for use in work zones.

A Base Study to Investigate MASH Conservativeness of Occupant Risk Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Silvestri Dobrovolny ◽  
Harika Reddy Prodduturu ◽  
Dusty R. Arrington ◽  
Nathan Schulz ◽  
Stefan Hurlebaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Oblique Impact ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Space Model ◽  
The Impact

The Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) defines crash tests to assess the impact performance of highway safety features in frontal and oblique impact events. Within MASH, the risk of injury to the occupant is assessed based on a “flail-space” model that estimates the average deceleration that an unrestrained occupant would experience when contacting the vehicle interior in a MASH crash test and uses the parameter as a surrogate for injury risk. MASH occupant risk criteria, however, are considered conservative in their nature, due to the fact that they are based on unrestrained occupant accelerations. Therefore, there is potential for increasing the maximum limits dictated in MASH for occupant risk evaluation. A frontal full-scale vehicle impact was performed with inclusion of an instrumented anthropomorphic test device (ATD). The scope of this study was to investigate the performance of the Flail Space Model in a full scale crash test compared to the instrumented ATD recorded forces which can more accurately predict the occupant response during a collision event. Results obtained through this research will be considered for better correlation between vehicle accelerations and occupant injury. This becomes extremely important for designing and evaluating barrier systems that must fit within geometrical site constraints, which do not provide adequate length to redirect test vehicles according to MASH conservative evaluation criteria.

Enhanced MASH TL-3 Short-Radius System: Promising Design to Accommodate Flat Terrain and Ditches

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (39) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Akram Y. Abu-Odeh ◽  
Roger P. Bligh ◽  
Christopher Lindsey ◽  
Wade Odell
Keyword(s):  
Impact Angle ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
Flat Terrain ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Geometrical Constraints ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Curved Section ◽  
National Cooperative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests

A challenging guardrail installation situation presents itself when two roadways intersect. Combining the guardrails from intersecting roadway results in what is commonly known as a short radius or T-intersection. It is difficult if not physically impossible to provide the required tensile capacity to the geometrical constraints of the curved section. Researchers and practitioners in the roadside safety area have been investigating the short-radius issue for many years. Investigators conducted numerous crash tests for different short-radius guardrail designs, yet none of those designs passed the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 Test Level 3 (TL-3) criteria. In 2009, the crash testing guidelines were updated in the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). MASH guidelines increased the impact severity for TL-3 tests over those in NCHRP 350. This paper presents a MASH TL-3 short-radius design that was successfully crash tested for both a flat terrain and a 3H:1V sloped terrain behind the installation. The impact conditions adopted from the MASH terminal/crash cushion matrix were MASH 3-33, 3-32, 3-31, and 3-35 for the flat terrain. Additionally, a slightly modified design that was installed in front of a 3H:1V slope was successfully evaluated using MASH 3-33 and 3-32 test conditions. These tests used a 25° impact angle since it was shown to be more critical for installation during simulation of the system.

An Assessment of the Impact Performance of Bonded Joints for Use in High Energy Absorbing Structures

1985 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Harris ◽  
R D Adams
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Single Lap Joints ◽  
Epoxy Adhesives ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spot Welded

Using an instrumented impact test, the strength and energy absorption of bonded single lap joints have been measured for single lap joints with four epoxy adhesives and three aluminium alloy adherends. Compared with the static values, joint strength is not significantly affected by the high loading rates. Energy absorption is large when joint strength is sufficient for plastic deformation to occur in the adherends prior to failure, which is only the case for certain adherend/adhesive combinations. Spot welded joints are shown to be inferior in performance in the tests. The effect of loading rate on bonded joint strength has been analysed using a non-linear finite element method, from which predictions of joint strength in keeping with the experimental results have been obtained. Crush tests carried out on open-ended cylinders have been used to simulate the impact behaviour of an energy absorbing structure. Similar performance was observed for cylinders with either bonded or spot welded longitudinal seams, although the large deformations in the crumple zones led to some debonding and weld fracture.

scholarly journals Patient-Centered Medical Home Knowledge and Attitudes of Residents and Faculty: Certification Is Just the First Step

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadya El Rayess ◽  
Roberta Goldman ◽  
Christopher Furey ◽  
Rabin Chandran ◽  
Arnold R. Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Situated Learning ◽  
Medical Home ◽  
Patient Centered Medical Home ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is an accepted framework for delivering high-quality primary care, prompting many residencies to transform their practices into PCMHs. Few studies have assessed the impact of these changes on residents' and faculty members' PCMH attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The family medicine program at Brown University achieved Level 3 PCMH accreditation in 2010, with training relying primarily on situated learning through immersion in PCMH practice, supplemented by didactics and a few focused clinical activities. Objective To assess PCMH knowledge and attitudes after Level 3 PCMH accreditation and to identify additional educational needs. Methods We used a qualitative approach, with semistructured, individual interviews with 12 of the program's 13 postgraduate year 3 residents and 17 of 19 core faculty. Questions assessed PCMH knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness for practicing, teaching, and leading within a PCMH. Interviews were analyzed using the immersion/crystallization method. Results Residents and faculty generally had positive attitudes toward PCMH. However, many expressed concerns that they lacked specific PCMH knowledge, and felt inadequately prepared to implement PCMH principles into their future practice or teaching. Some exceptions were faculty and resident leaders who were actively involved in the PCMH transformation. Barriers included lack of time and central roles in PCMH activities. Conclusions Practicing in a certified PCMH training program, with passive PCMH roles and supplemental didactics, appears inadequate in preparing residents and faculty for practice or teaching in a PCMH. Purposeful curricular design and evaluation, with faculty development, may be needed to prepare the future leaders of primary care.

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