Violation of the use of traffic regulation means as a cause of a traffic accident

This article provides statistical data on the number of road accidents and their consequences (deaths and/or injuries) in all regions of Ukraine in 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020. Regions with a decrease in road traffic accident rates (Zakarpattya region, 9.6% decrease) and their percentage increase (Zhytomyr region, 56.1% increase) are highlighted. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it is estimated that the number of road traffic accidents in the country during this period increased by 19.6%. But as a positive phenomenon, the number of injuries and/or fatalities in these road accidents decreased by 17.2%. The article analyses and gives concrete examples of the use of some legally adopted road traffic control devices in the regional center of Ukraine - Zhytomyr city (traffic lights, road signs and road markings). Shows incidents of their use which are characterized by violations of traffic rules (Sections 8.1., 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.7, Sections 33 "Traffic signs" and 34 "Traffic lanes"), DSTU 2587:2021 "Traffic lanes. General Technical Conditions", DSTU 4100:2021 "Road Safety. Road Signs". At the same time there are situations when road signs are in contradiction, which is categorically unacceptable. It also shows the cases where traffic signs are installed in a shape and design that is not included in traffic regulations and the relevant standard. It was concluded that the use of the above road traffic control devices in violation of the conditions of their installation (application) can lead to misinformation of road users, create additional informational and emotional pressure on them, contribute to increased fatigue, which consequently increases the probability of occurrence of road accidents and increases their importance.

The Influence Of Traffic Control Devices And Road Geometric Characteristics On Traffic Crushes Of Rular Two Lane Road

Traffic accidents worldwide are among the most alarming phenomena because they cost billions of dollars due to death rates and property damage. In Ethiopia, the accident fatality rate is becoming one of the most serious problems. Specifically, in rural highways where in there are problems with traffic control device enforcement and geometric deficiencies. Gedeo zone faces a similar problem that is considered a hot issue on-road crash. This study focused on the influence of traffic control devices and geometric characteristic related to road crashes. The data collection method was a purposive sampling technique considering both primary and secondary data collection system. Direct field observations were conducted, such as field survey and recording of the existing road geometric elements to figure out which geometric element contributory to traffic crashes. The data collected from the police traffic was categorized by clustering the road into different road segments composed of the same geometric characteristics. The severity of the accident analyzed and identified the hazardous road sections (black spot area). The relationships of accident crash established between the influence of traffic control access devices and geometric elements on the crash reduction at the identified accident-prone areas. Further, the study used ANN modeling through engineering software MATLAB to analyze the weight age of crashes on specified road segments concerning geometric road characteristics. Hence, the gradient carriageway width, super-elevation, cross slope, gradient, sight distance number of the horizontal curve, number of vertical curves, and AADT are the major factors for the occurrence of both fatal and injury at the blackspot segment along the rural highway.

Functional tests of the ETCS and rail traffic control systems

The paper presents the issues of railway traffic control devices testing and focuses on European Train Control System (ETCS) devices widely implemented in railways. The functions of the ETCS system, principles of operation are described. The basic telegrams transmitted in the track-to-train relation are listed. The process of designing and verifying the implemented data and what parameters are checked at the stage of field tests using the locomotive is briefly described. The functional model of the SRK devices, including ETCS elements, was presented, and the close relationship between the base layer of the railway traffic control devices and the ETCS was shown. Equipment testing reduces the availability of the rail network, engages staff, and generates costs. A test generation method is presented to minimize the impact. Two indicators are proposed for reducing the set of checks, the cost of checking and the information effectiveness. The cost of checking due to the problematic estimate is generalized, divided into three groups taking into account the difficulty and resource consumption of bringing the devices to the initial state and their operation according to the test. Therefore, the obtained set of checks is suboptimal and ensures complete coverage of the functions with tests, which is essential when testing devices. The tests are carried out using available setting commands and the implementation of tasks - entry and exit routes at the station. The proposed method is universal and can be applied to any railway traffic control device, regardless of the manufacturing technology. It is a non-invasive method in the structure of the tested devices and does not require additional hardware resources.

Analysis and Planning of Punge Intersection Roundabout in Banda Aceh City

The Punge intersection in Banda Aceh City is a four-armed intersection without traffic control devices such as traffic lights and roundabouts. The intersection performance from visual observation is currently very low, especially during peak hours. Therefore, it is presently considered necessary to evaluate road performance and carry out alternative handling planning. One alternative handling is to plan a roundabout at the intersection. Thus, this study aims to obtain road performance by comparing the use of a roundabout and without a roundabout. Analysis and planning using the MKJI and PTV Vissim 10.00-02 methods. It requires data on traffic volume, road geometry, and environmental conditions around the location. The analysis of roundabout planning with the widening of each arm with the MKJI and Vissim methods produces the level of services to deliver the best decisions for improving the intersection performance

The Risk of Lightning Losses in a Structure Equipped with RTC Devices According to the Standard EN 62305-2.2008

Incorrect adjustment of railway traffic control devices (rtc) to the specificity of the area in terms of lightning density may result in their damage by lightning-caused electromagnetic pulses. An associated risk assessment, as the standard in the analyses of the strength of rtc devices, should be made. However, manufacturers of rtc devices typically do not perform tests with respect to such high overvoltage conditions. Particularly in the case of the EN 62305-2 standard, the manufacturers of new rail traffic control devices usually do not carry out such analyses. In this paper, an analysis of the damage vulnerability of rtc devices caused by lightning discharges for a selected structure, including a signal box equipped with digital rtc devices is presented. The necessity of conducting a lightning damage vulnerability analysis for rtc devices is demonstrated. A part of the railway track where lightning discharges occur was analyzed. The results of the risk analysis obtained with the use of the DEHN Risk Tool software and based on the standard EN 62305-2 (2008, Lightning protection. Part 2. Risk management) are presented. Due to the fact that railway devices are not included in the current standard, three documents were adopted for the analysis: two editions of EN/IEC 62305-2 (from 2008 and 2012) and the recommendations of the ITU-International Telecommunication Union ITU-T K.39 (10/1996). The presented analysis is performed according to the 2008 standard version and to the chosen device.

Method for automation of generation of interlocking tables for station traffic control devices

On account of the growing number of railway upgrading projects implemented in Poland, numerous problems are emerging when prepared and performed. While preparing detailed plans and specifications for railway traffic control devices intended to secure traffic at a railway station, one must deal with numerous alterations related to the work's phasing directly linked with the said equipment. Consequently, the variety of elements subject to change includes the schematic plan and the relevant interlocking tables for railway traffic control systems. This article aims to discuss the authors’ original method for automation of the generation of interlocking tables for station traffic control equipment. The solution to the problem in question is assumed to be a model consisting of two components. One of them is the design part identifying individual objects comprising the railway station being designed. Subsequently, by the application of adequate algorithms, data are implemented in the other model component. Further calculations are performed to generate a list of all possible movements from main signals and shunting signals at the station referred to as railway routes. The method has been verified using the authors’ original computer program. Its first part corresponds to the design process. The station’s track layout is built using the program’s dedicated toolbar combined with an additional database of layers created in computer-aided design software. Next, such a track layout, saved into a dxf file, is imported to a dedicated application where train and shunting routes are generated. The method is verified by checking the routes thus generated against those in the existing interlocking tables by applying an adequate significance indicator. Assuming that the design process's basic assumptions are satisfied, the method in question makes it possible to accelerate the generation of interlocking tables in a secure manner.