FRUGIVORIA E DISPERSÃO DE SEMENTES POR PEIXES

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Luciane Lopes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Solimões River

Biotic or abiotic processes of seed dispersal are important for the maintenance of the diversity, and for the natural regeneration in tropical forests. Ichthyochory is one of the fundamental mechanisms for seed dispersal in flooded environments, as the “igapó” forests. A study on the ichthyochory of the igapós was conducted at Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, in the middle Solimões river, from June 2002 to September 2004. Monthly samples of frugivorous fish were taken, with the main fishing gears used locally. Guts of 1,688 fish caught were examined. The main species were Myloplus rubripinnis (29.21%), Hemiodus immaculatus (18.96%),Colossoma macropom um (16.23%) and Mylossoma duriventre (16.05%). The diet was made of vegetables (fruits, leave and flowers), and animals (arthropods). 53.02% of all fish caught ingested fruits. The total number of intact seeds in the stomachs and intestines were 8,069 and 5,763 respectively. About 61.9% of the Brycon melanopterus (matrinchão), 46.34% of the Brycon amazonicus (mamuri) and 30.22% of M . rubripinnis (parum ) analysed had intact seeds in their guts. Seeds of Nectandra amazonum and Genipa spruceana ingested proved to be more viable than those non-ingested by fish. The high rates of frugivory, the presence of intact seeds in the guts of fish and the greater viability of ingested seeds all suggest that these animals are important seed dispersors in the “igapó” forests of Amanã Reserve.

HISTÓRICO DO COMPRIMENTO TOTAL DE TAMBAQUI (Colossoma macropomum, CHARACIFORMES: CHARACIDAE, CUVIER, 1818) DESEMBARCADO NO MERCADO DE TEFÉ, AMAZONAS, BRASIL, COM NOVE RECOMENDAÇÕES PARA O MANEJO PESQUEIRO DA ESPÉCIE

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Iván Sánchez-Botero ◽  
Danielle Sequeira Garcez ◽  
Wesllen Chaves Cortezão
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Pressure Diffusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficient Mechanisms ◽  
Solimões River

This study evaluates the total length of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum ) captured in the middle Solimões river and traded during seven years (1993, 1997 and 2000 to 2005) in the Tefé market, Amazon, Brazil. The Mamirauá Institute of Sustainable Development obtained measurements of the total lengths from 42207 individuals. The length average was 45.23 ± 6.29 cm (minim um of 13 cm and maximum of 105.5 cm ) and the mode was 45 cm . From the total tambaquis, 92.86% were smaller than 55 cm and 7.14% measured 58.24 ± 5.41 cm on average. Medium and standard deviation of the lengths recorded in all years showed sizes below the established by the environmental federal agency. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that there is no significant difference between the abundances and medium sizes of the captures during all months of the year. The historical data of the tambaqui fisheries for the middle Solimões region indicate that individuals of this species have been constantly captured at sizes below the minim um length of reproduction. Nine recommendations for tambaquis fisheries management in the region related to more efficient mechanisms of inspection, auto-ecology studies of the species, environmental protection, reduction of fishery pressure, diffusion and educational cam paigns that aim to correct exploitation of this resource are presented in this manuscript.

ACERVO ETNOGRÁFICO: ASPECTOS DA CULTURA MATERIAL DAS COMUNIDADES RIBEIRINHAS DAS RESERVAS MAMIRAUÁ E AMANÃ

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Marília de Jesus Silva e Sousa ◽  
Rita de Cássia Domingues-Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Development Institute ◽  
River Region ◽  
New Models ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Solimões River

The ethnographical collection of Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute under the responsibility of the Handcraft Program and formed by an assortment of artifacts and handcrafts from the Medium Solimões River region coming from the communities living inside Mamirauá and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves and neighboring municipalities. The creation of this collection is relevant because the artifacts and handcrafts collect are identity marks of its producers, their regions, and are also used by the craftsmen themselves as reference in their assessments which aim to detect changes occurred in the objects after a certain period of time, specially in the processing of raw material and the comparison with new models relative to size and the different weaving types. The collection consists of 300 pieces organized as follow: pottery, weavers, strings, fabrics, wood implements and other materials. The objectives of this paper are:(i) Discuss the importance of the formation of an Ethnographical Collection in the Medium Solimões River; (ii) Present the methodology used to form and organize the assortment which integrates the collection; and (iii) Present the results of the work developed until now inside the Technical Reserve.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Natural Regeneration of Tropical Forests across a Precipitation Gradient in Myanmar

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkyin Khaine ◽  
Su Woo ◽  
MyeongJa Kwak ◽  
Seong Lee ◽  
Sun Je ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Precipitation Gradient ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Natural Regeneration After Gold Mining in the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for Restoration of Tropical Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Chambi-Legoas ◽  
Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez ◽  
Francisco de Marques de Figueiredo ◽  
Joel Peña Valdeiglesias ◽  
Percy Amílcar Zevallos Pollito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Secondary Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Madre De Dios

Context: Gold mining is the most destructive activity in the natural forests of the Madre de Dios region in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon. Understanding the natural regeneration process of these degraded areas is necessary to develop forest restoration projects in such conditions.Aims: We aimed to evaluate forest recovery and identify the successional and structure patterns of vegetation governing natural regeneration over time.Methods: Structure, composition, richness, diversity, and successional status were evaluated in abandoned artisanal gold mine areas in Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru. Vegetation data were recorded in 61 plots of 250 m2 established in five sites varying from 1 to 19 years of abandonment. Vegetation in abandoned areas was compared with six undisturbed forests evaluated in previous inventories.Results: In the mining lands, tree density and basal area recovered quickly, while species richness and composition were slow. Forest recovery is an initial stage of transition from pioneer to early secondary species until at least 19 years after abandonment. The most abundant and frequent species were the fast-growing species Ochroma pyramidale and Cecropia engleriana. These species could be considered potential candidates to promote restoration plans. Pioneer species represented 63% of the number of species in plots of 1–4 years, 57% in plots of 5–7 years, and 50% in plots of 8–19 years. Early and late secondary species represented 34 and 16%, respectively, of the number of species in plots of 8–19 years. Abandoned mining and reference plots present less than 5% of species in common.Conclusion: Our results highlight a slow natural regeneration process in areas for up to 19 years after gold mining. Species from different successional statuses were identified as potential candidates for recovering vegetation in such areas. Our findings may have important implications for further research focusing on the ecological restoration in tropical forests severely degraded by gold mining.

scholarly journals Frugivory and seed dispersal by the yellow-throated marten, Martes flavigula, in a subtropical forest of China

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Bing Zhou ◽  
Eleanor Slade ◽  
Chris Newman ◽  
Xiao-Ming Wang ◽  
Shu-Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The yellow-throated marten, Martes flavigula, is the only living species of the genus Martes found in subtropical and tropical forests (Harrison et al. 2004). It is distributed throughout central and southern Asia in a wide variety of habitats. Despite its extensive geographical range, the ecology and behaviour of this species has so far received little attention, aside from a study of habitat use (Grassman et al. 2005). Studies on other martens have shown that fruits are an important food resource (e.g. M. martes, Bermejo & Guitian 2000; M. foina, Pandolfi et al. 1996). Thus, they are considered to be important potential seed dispersers (Corlett 1998, Herrera 1989, Willson 1993), as confirmed by recent studies (M. melampus, Otani 2002; M. americana, Hickey et al. 1999; M. foina and M. martes, Schaumann & Heinken 2002). Although no systematic study of the diet of M. flavigula has been conducted (Harrison et al. 2004), it is known to be omnivorous and to consume fruit (Gao & Wang 1987). To date, however, there has been no comprehensive study of frugivory and seed dispersal by M. flavigula (but see Corlett 1998).

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