scholarly journals Influence of different growth regulators on the in vitro morphogenesis of an ornamental variety of carnation

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. O. Kiss ◽  
A. Mándy
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Gibberelic Acid ◽  
Somaclonal Variability ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Callus formation, as a prerequisite for the induction of somaclonal variability, was achieved successfully with certain molar ratios between 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzyladenine. Regeneration of new plants from shoot apex meristems could be significantly improved by the combined addition of very low amounts of indolebutiric acid, benzyladenine and gibberelic acid, dissolved in the Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium. These in vitro treatments may contribute to a more efficient micropropagation of the Rimini variety of carnation.

scholarly journals Investigation of the in vitro regeneration of mericlones in the caribe variety of carnation

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. O. Kiss ◽  
A. Balogh ◽  
L. Fodorpataki
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Dark Violet ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Gibberelic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In vitro culture conditions were experimented for the relatively sensitive, but very esthaetic "Caribe" variety of carnation with uniformly dark violet flowers. Regeneration of new plants from shoot apex meristems can be significantly improved by the combined addition of very low amounts of indolebutiric acid, benzyladenine and gibberelic acid, dissolved in the Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium. Callus formation as a prerequisite for the induction of somaclonal variability can be achieved successfully with certain molar ratios between 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzyladenine. Acclimation of the obtained mericlones to the ex vitro conditions was also evaluated.  

Selectivity of auxin for induction and growth of callus from excised embryo of spring and winter wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Zhou ◽  
T. T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The callus-promoting activity of most commonly known as well as some rarely tested auxins was compared with that of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for in vitro culture of the excised embryo of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cv. Chinese Spring and cv. Fredrick. Different auxins in a concentration range from 1 to 50 μM showed widely different activities. Also the two wheat cultivars responded differently to the auxins. When rapid callus formation with limited root growth was used as the basis for comparison, 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2-MCPP), α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6,trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), γ-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid, in the order of effectiveness, were superior to 2,4,-D for callus induction from the embryo of 'Chinese Spring,' although the concentration required was higher than that of 2,4-D. For the winter wheat 'Fredrick,' however, only picloram, dicamba, and 2-MCPP performed as well as 2,4-D. All auxins tested promoted shoot growth; 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid was most effective for 'Chinese Spring,' whereas picloram was most effective for 'Fredrick.'

scholarly journals Smooth leaf (spineless) Red Spanish pineapple (Ananas comosus) propagated in vitro

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
Lii J. Liu ◽  
Evelyn Rosa-Márquez ◽  
Enid Lizardi
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Shoot Differentiation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
One Year ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Some 40,000 plantlets of Red Spanish pineapple [Ananas comosus (L. Merr.)] were produced via meristem culture. Of these, approximately 50% were spineless. Some of these spineless plantlets reversed to spiny leaf. However, the percentage of reversion from spineless to spiny was 14.1% and that from spiny to spineless was 32.7%. Of the 2,318 plantlets examined in the laboratory and greenhouse during a 3- to 4-month period, 72.9% of the spiny Red Spanish pineapple remained spiny and 85.8% of the spineless remained spineless. One year after field planting, the spineless Red Spanish remained largely spineless and initiated flowering and fruit settings the same as the spiny ones. The standard medium for in vitro propagation of Red Spanish pineapple was improved by supplementing Murashige and Skoog's basic formula (MS) with 0.1 mg/L, 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.5 mg/L benzyl adenine (BA). The callus formation was improved by adding to the same MS formula 10 mg/L BA + 4 mg/L naphtalene acetic acid (NAA). Similarly, shoot differentiation was improved by adding low concentrations of hormone (0.1 mg/L NAA) to the Abo El-Nil and Zettler (AZ) medium.

INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CALLUS OF THE OIL PALM HYBRID MANICORÉ

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlúcia Souza Pádua Vilela ◽  
Jéssica de Castro e Andrade ◽  
Raíssa Silveira Santos ◽  
Vanessa Cristina Stein ◽  
Patrick Callegari Magnani Santos Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ABSTRACT Large-scale oil palm propagation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is difficult due to its unique apical meristem. In this context, micropropagation allows the multiplication of seedlings in vitro and the storage of germplasm elites. This study aimed to induce embryogenic calluses from leaves of oil palm plants in low concentrations of auxins and to observe the maintenance of these characteristics during in vitro cultivation. Calluses were induced in 0.5 cm leaf explants in Y3 culture medium supplemented with Picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) or 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 mg L-1. The callus with embryogenic appearance was subcultured and evaluated regarding maintenance of embryogenic characteristics by cytochemical analyses. The best treatment for induction of calluses was composed of 1mg.L-1 of Picloram, which led to 30% callus formation. The calluses were classified into4 types, based on color and morphology. The cells of calluses with nodular and beige appearance have embryogenic characteristics, and the embryogenic potential of the cell masses was maintained over the 20 months of cultivation. This differentiated adaptation to the protocol can allow the advance in the mass propagation of oil palm through tissue culture, indicating the importance of investigating the topics proposed by the research.

scholarly journals In vitro regeneration of groundnut: Changes in antioxidative enzymes and histological studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohini Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during stress responses are implicated in a number of cellular responses including morphogenesis. The present study was undertaken to study the changes in antioxidative enzymes during in vitro morphogenesis of groundnut from de-embryonated cotyledon explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog?s medium supplemented with 5.0 mg l-1 benzyl-adenine and 2.0 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. During the early in vitro ontogenic stages of groundnut, the activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased from stage 0 (0 day) to stage II (14 days) and decreased during stage III (25 days) and stage IV (45 days). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed an inverse trend. The results could be correlated with the acquisition of competence, de-differentiation, division and induction which occurred during shoot organogenesis. Histological studies also showed that the mode of in vitro morphogenesis from the groundnut explants was via shoot organogenesis. In light of the above study, it could be concluded that the change in activity of the antioxidative enzymes studied could be used as a marker to characterize the mode of plant regeneration.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Ornamental Cherry (Prunus) Taxa from Mature Stored Seed

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Hokanson ◽  
Margaret R. Pooler
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Regeneration In Vitro ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Callus formation and adventitious shoot regeneration in vitro from mature stored seed were evaluated in eight ornamental cherry (Prunus) taxa: P. campanulata Maxim., P. maackii Rupr., P. sargentii Rehd., P. serrula Franch., P. serrulata Lindl., P. subhirtella Miq., P. virginiana L., and P. yedoensis Matsum. Several portions of the embryo (cotyledons and hypocotyl sections) and nine combinations of growth regulators (BA, 2,4-D, IBA, NAA, and TDZ) were compared. Effects of embryo portions and growth regulator treatments were generally small within taxa, but shoot formation differed among taxa. About 20% to 50% of the embryos from P. virginiana and P. serrula and ≈5% to 30% of those from P. maackii produced shoots. The other taxa generally did not produce shoots. Regeneration from mature stored seed in the responsive taxa represents a potential system for genetic transformation. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron (TDZ).

scholarly journals High frequency callus induction and proliferation of MD2 pineapple (Ananas comosus)

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S5) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
A.N. Salihan ◽  
N.A. Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Metabolites Production ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Ananas comosus var. MD2 is currently the most preferred pineapple variety in the international market due to its pleasant aroma and high Brix acidity ratio. In vitro approaches such as callus culture is promising in producing disease-free plantlet. However, there are limited studies reported on callus culture of MD2 variety despite the potential of in vitro regeneration through biotechnological advances. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) i.e., 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) on callus induction from leaf explant of MD2 pineapple. Leaf base explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with varying concentration of 2,4-D (0.5 to 6.0 mg/L) alone and in combination with BAP (1.0 to 3.0 mg/L). The frequency of callus induction was seen significantly highest (91.67±8.33%) with maximum callus fresh weight (0.25±0.07 g) at a combination of 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L BAP. The shortest duration of callus formation was seen on day 12 with the lowest concentration of 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L. There is a moderate correlation between the earliness of callus formation and the frequency of callus induction (P<0.01). The most favourable media for callus proliferation was 6.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L TDZ as the highest fresh weight of 1.52±0.03 g was recorded. Callus culture has the potential to be a source of plant material and secondary metabolites production. In this study, 2,4-D and BAP have successfully induced callus in MD2 pineapple.

scholarly journals Optimized in vitro plant regeneration of the biodiesel plant Jatropha curcas L.: the effects of using seeds at different stages of maturity as starting materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sillma Rampadarath ◽  
Daneshwar Puchooa ◽  
Mala Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

<em>Jatropha curcas</em> L. is an important biofuel plant that can be regenerated <em>in</em> <em>vitro</em> using seeds. The fruits of <em>J. curcas</em> do not reach maturity at the same time although they are on the same bunch. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of seeds, from fruits at different stages of maturity, on <em>in</em> <em>vitro</em> plantlet formation. Callus was induced on Murashige and Skoog medium using different concentrations of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6 benzylaminopurine (BAP). 2,4D at a concentration of 3.0 mg/L and BAP at 1.0 mg/L were found to be optimum for callus formation. <em>In vitro</em> plantlets obtained on BAP were smaller with thicker hypocotyl and thicker roots. On the other hand, seeds from mature fruits gave better results for <em>in</em> <em>vitro</em> plantlet regeneration on 1.0 mg/L BAP without any rooting medium. A combination of sand and soil were used for acclimatization. Best results were obtained when sand and soil were used in equal amounts. Results also showed that seed maturity is an important factor for <em>in vitro</em> plant regeneration of<em> J. curcas</em> and that root formation <em>in vitro</em> does not require additional plant growth regulator substance.

scholarly journals Induction of Callus in Leaf Explants of Crinum americanum L. (Amaryllidaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Kicia K. P. Gomes- Copeland ◽  
Izulmé R. I. Santos ◽  
Amanda G. Torres ◽  
João V. D. Gomes ◽  
Fabrício T. C. de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anti Fungal

Amaryllidaceae include plant species that present alkaloids with analgesic, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-malarial activities. Due to this pharmacological value, several species of this family have been widely studied and among them is White lilly, Crinum americanum. The objective of this work was to induce callogenesis on leaf explants of C. americanum cultivated in vitro for future production of alkaloids. Leaf explants were grown on a culture medium (solid) Murashige and Skoog (1962) supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators, auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine and their effect on callogenesis assessed for percentage oxidation and explants responsive to callus induction. Callus formation started 10 days after hormone inoculation, and within 30 days after inoculation the best callogenesis and callus biomass growth were observed in medium containing 2.5 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 10 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine. The lowest percentage of oxidation was observed on explants cultivated on medium containing 5 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine and 2.5 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The calli obtained were compact and embryogenic. This work contributes not only to future studies on in vitro callogenesis of this species, but also to a possible protocol for the production of alkaloids of interest from cell suspension cultures produced in vitro. This is the first report of callus formation in Crinum americanum explants.

scholarly journals Direct Shoot Regeneration from Vaccinium pahalae (Ohelo) and V. myrtillus (Bilberry) Leaf Explants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rida A. Shibli ◽  
M.A.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Direct Shoot Regeneration ◽  
The Media ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Ohelo (V. pahalae Skottsb.) and bilberry (V. myrtillus L.) shoots were regenerated via direct organogenesis from whole leaves and leaf sections and also from hypocotyl explants of bilberry. Explants preincubated for 1 to 2 weeks in darkness yielded ≈75% regeneration frequencies and the highest number of regenerating shoots/explant on TDZ-supplemented media (0.9 to 2.7 μm). When 2iP or zeatin were substituted as the cytokinin source, frequencies of regeneration and shoot productivity were significantly lower. Explants held under constant illumination (no dark pretreatment) had significantly lower regeneration frequencies in all tested cytokinin-supplemented media. 2,4-D stimulated callus formation, but did not support regeneration from vegetative explants. Cells from callus and suspension cultures did not exhibit regeneration in any of the media that supported organogenesis from leaves. Regenerants were successfully micropropagated, although callus formation caused by zeatin and high 2iP levels interfered with shoot proliferation. Zeatin induced hyperhydricity in shoots from both species, but more severely in ohelo. Ex vitro rooting after treatment with 4.9 μm IBA or 5.4 μm NAA was 95% and 60% successful for bilberry and ohelo, respectively, and plants were readily acclimatized after an interval in a fog chamber. Bilberry microshoots also rooted in vitro in the absence of growth regulator treatment. Chemical names used: 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA); N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1-H-purine-6-amine (2iP); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron=1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazio-5-yl)urea (TDZ); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino) purine (zeatin).

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