Induction and Biochemical Parameters of Callus Growth from Three Peanut Cultivars1

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Guy ◽  
J. L. Heinis ◽  
S. K. Pancholy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Abstract The phytohormones 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid and kinetin nave been employed to induce callus growth from the cotyledon tissue of three commercial peanut cultivars: ‘Early Bunch’ (EB), ‘NC-Fla 14’ (NC) and ‘Florunner’ (FR). Cultivar specific parameters have been examined for both cotyledon and callus tissue. The relative growth rates of callus tissues were always EB>NC>FR. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis performed on the proteins from both types of tissue demonstrated mat most cultivar specific differences seen in cotyledon tissue are maintained by callus tissue from the same plant. However, more high molecular weight protein fractions were observed in cotyledon tissue than in callus. Amino acid analysis of these tissues revealed a higher concentration of neutral and aromatic amino acids in cotyledon while callus tissue was higher in basic amino acids.

Growth substance requirements and major lipid constituents of tissue cultures of Euphorbia esula and E. cyparissias

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Lee ◽  
A. N. Starratt
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Growth Substance ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Root Tissues

The root tissues of Euphorbia esula and E. cyparissias form callus on chemically defined medium. Both species require an exogenous supply of auxin for growth, but the appearance and color of the tissue and their responses to kinetin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) are different. The tissue growth is more satisfactory with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) than with 2,4-D, IAA, or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). Gibberellic acid has no effect. The callus tissues of E. esula become intensely green under light but are not autotrophic.Triglycerides, palmitic acid, and β-sitosterol are the major lipid constituents of the callus tissue of E. esula. Chromatographic analysis reveals no significant differences in the composition of extracts from the non-green and green tissues. Long-chain aldehydes, alcohols, and triterpenes found in the plant are not detected in the cultures.

scholarly journals Initiation and Maturation of Somatic Embryos of Squash (Cucurbito pepo)

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula P. Chee
Keyword(s):  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Mature Seeds

Plant regeneration from tissue cultures of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L. ev. YC60) has been observed. Embryogenic callus tissues were initiated when cotyledons of mature seeds were excised and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with either 22.7 μm 2,4-D or a combination of 4.7 μm 2,4,5-T, 4 μm BA, and 0.5 μm kinetin. Clusters of somatic embryos were found in callus tissue. Maturation of these somatic embryos was effected by transfer of embryogenic callus tissues to MS supplemented with 0.5 μm NAA and 0.25 μm kinetin. Regenerated mature plants were morphologically normal and set fruits containing seeds that germinated normally. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); α - napthaleneacetic acid (NAA); 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T).

Organogenesis and chromosome number in callus derived from cassava anthers

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1287-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chin Liu ◽  
Wen-Huei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Formation

Experiments have been performed to induce callus formation and organogenesis in anther culture of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Callusing was achieved on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MSB) supplemented with 4.44 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D). No callus was formed from anthers pretreated at 4 °C for more than 48 h or on a medium containing 4g/ℓ activated charcoal. Callus on MSB with 4.44–8.88 μM BAP alone formed roots only. BAP (8.88 μM) in combination with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (10.74 μM) resulted in chlorophyll formation in callus. Abscisic acid (ABA) acted as an antagonist to NAA in reducing the frequency of callus greening when the latter was applied jointly with BAP. Chromosome counts of mitotic figures from callus cells ranged from 34 to 38 indicating that the calli were derived from the somatic tissues of the anthers.

6-BENZYLAMINOPURINE AND 2, 4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID EFFECT ON CALLUS GENESIS OF Brosimum alicastrum

Agrociencia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Angel Virgilio Domínguez May ◽  
José Augusto Nah Hau ◽  
Israel García Sheseña ◽  
Sara Luz Nahuat Dzib ◽  
José Luis Giorgana Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Effect ◽  
Brosimum Alicastrum ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Brosimum alicastrum seeds contain a high percentage of protein and essential amino acids that contribute to a proper nutrition. This tree is an alternative in the so-called crusade against hunger and its management does not involve the use of agrochemicals. The objective of this research was to evaluate the morphogenic response of foliar explants with two growth regulators, 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in the induction of calli. Results demonstrated that the combination of 1.5 mg L-1 BAP and 1 mg L-1 2,4-D (TM) and 1.5 mg L-1 BAP with 2 mg L-1 2,4-D (TN) favored callus growth in 100% of foliar explants. Calli were grown in a period of 20 d, in a culture room at 25 ± 4 °C, with 16 h of illumination. Under these conditions, calli remained in slow growth for four weeks. Those explants that generated callus were sub-cultured in fresh medium without activated charcoal. In TM and TN treatments, the multiplication of the cell mass was favored; in TN globular structures were formed. However, explants the same treatments TM and TN with activated charcoal, and under ambient 29 ± 4 °C conditions increased callus growth, but became friable at two weeks. Thus, TM and TN were the better treatments, but activated charcoal was determined to have a negative effect on callus growth.

scholarly journals Callogenesis in Cicer arietinum and identification of a genotype resistant to Ascochyta rabiei

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-682
Author(s):  
Yasmina BENABDESSLEM ◽  
Kadda HACHEM ◽  
Samia GHOMARI
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the leguminous species most appreciated by consumers in the Mediterranean basin, while being an important source of protein. Nevertheless, its crop yields are greatly limited by several biotic and abiotic stresses, the main one being Ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of anthracnose. As traditional breeding methods have proved to be ineffective in controlling this pathogen, resorting to biotechnological methods is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the callogenic capacity of stem and leaflet explants from three genotypes of chickpea, namely ‘FLIP 84-92 C’, ‘ILC 32-97’, and ‘ILC 263’, cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different hormonal balances of auxins (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D]) and cytokinin (kinetin), was determined. For all the genotypes, high percentages of callogenesis were recorded in the different explants grown on an MS medium with 2 mg of both IAA and kinetin. Then, a patho-system of Cicer arietinum calluses with Ascochyta rabiei was investigated, followed by a histological assessment of this interaction. The presence of the fruiting bodies of the pathogen was revealed in the calluses of the ‘ILC 32-97’ and ‘ILC 263’ genotypes. Notably, the latter showed a high sensitivity to the pathogen, as indicated by an abundance of pycnidia in its tissues. As for the ‘FLIP 84-92 C’ genotype, the histological sections showed a total absence of inter- and intracellular fruiting bodies of the pathogen in the callus tissues. Therefore, this genotype was considered as resistant to Ascochyta rabiei.

An improved culture medium for growing the orchid Cypripedium reginae axenically

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2547-2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Harvais
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Germination And Growth

A new medium for growing Cypripedium reginae Walt. axenically from seed was designed. Liquid culture proved unsuitable, hence a 1% agar medium supplemented with 5% potato extract was used to investigate optimal mineral element, vitamin, amino acid, sugar, and growth regulator supplements for germination, and subsequent growth. A modified Pfeffer solution with 1400 mg/L NH4NO3 + 19 mg/L ammonium citrate + 2% dextrose + 10 mg/L niacin + 5 mg/L calcium pantothenate + 5 mg/L thiamine HCl + 1 mg/L kinetin + 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid gave best germination and growth to 2 years with little or no phenolic production. Gamborg's B5 medium and Murashige–Skoog (MS) medium were less than optimal when tested against the above medium. Growth regulators were more active when sterilized by membrane filtration instead of autoclaving. Of the three aminopurines tested, kinetin, benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 6(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (γγ), the order of activity was initially γγ → BAP → kinetin, but kinetin produced better greening of protocorms and plantlets, and eventually greater survival. Hence, it was chosen for further study. The auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were also tested alone and in combination with the aminopurines. They did not stimulate germination, but improved growth and survival when combined with aminopurines. The most active of the auxins were NAA → IAA → IBA → 2,4-D. A kinetin:NAA ratio of 10:1 was very satisfactory.

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