Performance of Growth Parameters on Level of Growth Substance and Plant Densities of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandifloras L.) cv. Snow Princess - A Review

The results of the experiment showed use of gibberellic acid and plant spacing’s has been significantly. Highly influence on the most parameters such as height of plant, number of leaves plant-1 and number of branches plant-1 was the significant on higher amount of gibberellic acid and wider spacing’s.

Lignan enriched fraction (LRF) of Phyllanthus amarus promotes apoptotic cell death in human cervical cancer cells in vitro

Phyllanthus amarus is widely grown in this sub-continent and used traditionally to treat many common ailments. In the present study, lignan rich fraction of P. amarus extract was used on cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, SiHa and C33A) to study it’s mechanism of cell death induction. As the cells were treated with IC50 doses of LRF, characteristic apoptotic features were observed. Increased sub G0 population were observed both in Hela and C33 cells, while G1/S arrest was observed in SiHa cells than their untreated counterparts. Increased production of ROS and change in MMP were also detected in the treated cells. Presence of γH2AX, was observed by immunofluorescence. Reduced expression of HPV (16/18) as well as ET-1, an autocrine growth substance, were observed in the treated cells. Immunoblotting as well as ICFC studies showed enhanced expressions of BAX, Caspase 3 and PARP (cleaved) in the treated cells. A major lignan, phyllanthin was isolated from the chloroform fraction and showed strong irreversible affinities for viral E6 and MDM2 in in silico analysis. The study conclusively indicates that LRF has the potential to induce apoptotic cell death in cervical cancer cells by activation of p53 and p21 against DNA damage.

Uji Beberapa Konsentrasi Bakteri Bacillus sp. Endofit untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Development of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) requires high-quality seeds. Adding growth substance from Bacillus sp. endophytes is expected to increase the growth of cocoa seedlings. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of Bacillus sp. endophytes to produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) hormone, evaluate the effects of Bacillus sp. endophytes application on growth of cocoa seedling, and obtain the best concentration to increase growth of cocoa seedling. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory and in the field from June to October 2015. The study was conducted in two stages: in vitro and in vivo.The first experiment tested the ability of Bacillus sp. endophytes to produce IAA using tryptophan enriched picovskaya liquid medium and non-enriched tryptophan. The results from the first experiment showed that all Bacillus sp. endophytes produce IAA hormones. The second experiment tested the concentrations of Bacillus sp. endophytes to improve the growth of cocoa seedlings. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications, i.e., without treatment of Bacillus sp., and concentrations of 1011, 1012, 1013, and 1014 cfu/mL. The parameters observed were the number of bacterial colonies of Bacillus sp. endophytes, cocoa seed height, stem diameter, number of leaves and planting area of 4 month cocoa seedlings. The results from the second experiment showed that all concentrations of Bacillus sp. endophytes increase the growth of cocoa seedlings. The concentration of 1011 cfu/mL produced more colony in planting medium, increased height, stem diameter, leaf number and leaf area in cocoa seedlings.

Pengaruh Pemberian Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Atonik Dan Media Tanam Terhadap Pembibitan Tanaman Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata, Merr)

The Influence of Atonic Growth Substance and Planting Media Against Aruh Genjah Plant Breeding (Arenga pinnata, Merr). This study aims to determine the effect of proper growth regulator concentration and the best planting medium for the growth of palm seedlings, as well as the effect of interaction between ZPT Atonik and planting media. This research was conducted in Sangatta Lama area of Sangatta Utara Sub-district, East Kutai Regency, with time for 5 (five) months from February to June 2016. The research design used Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) 4 x 4 with 3 repetition . The first factor was the administration of Atonic ZPT consisting of 4 levels: z0: without treatment, z1: Atonic ZPT 0.5 ml / 1 liter water, z2: ZPT Atonik 1 ml / 1 liter water, z3: ZPT Atonic 1.5 ml / 1 liter of water. The second factor is the comparison of planting medium consisting of 4 levels: m0: top soil, m1: top soil + sand + manure (1: 1: 1), m2: top soil + husk husk + manure (1: 1: 1 ), m3: top soil + charcoal husk + sand + manure (1: 1: 1: 1). Fingerprint analysis showed that the best effect of ZPT Atonik (Z) on the parameters of plant height was on the first month that is in the treatment of z2 (Atonic ZPT 1 ml / 1 liter water). The best comparison of planting medium (M) to plant height parameters was at month 2 and month 3 was achieved by treatment of m2 (top soil + husk husk + manure = 1: 1: 1) and m3 treatment (Top soil + + Sand + manure = 1: 1: 1: 1). Furthermore, the best treatment of leaflet parameter of month 1 was achieved by treatment of m1 (top soil + sand + manure = 1: 1: 1). The interaction of ZPT Atonik (zxm) comparison and the best planting medium to the leaf number parameter is the 1st month achieved by the z3p1 treatment (Atonic ZPT 1.5 ml / 1 liter water and top soil + sand + manure = 1: 1: 1) . Keywords: Growing Regulators, Planting Media and Aren GenjahThe Influence of Atonic Growth Substance and Planting Media Against Aruh Genjah Plant Breeding (Arenga pinnata, Merr). This study aims to determine the effect of proper growth regulator concentration and the best planting medium for the growth of palm seedlings, as well as the effect of interaction between ZPT Atonik and planting media. This research was conducted in Sangatta Lama area of Sangatta Utara Sub-district, East Kutai Regency, with time for 5 (five) months from February to June 2016. The research design used Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) 4 x 4 with 3 repetition . The first factor was the administration of Atonic ZPT consisting of 4 levels: z0: without treatment, z1: Atonic ZPT 0.5 ml / 1 liter water, z2: ZPT Atonik 1 ml / 1 liter water, z3: ZPT Atonic 1.5 ml / 1 liter of water. The second factor is the comparison of planting medium consisting of 4 levels: m0: top soil, m1: top soil + sand + manure (1: 1: 1), m2: top soil + husk husk + manure (1: 1: 1 ), m3: top soil + charcoal husk + sand + manure (1: 1: 1: 1). Fingerprint analysis showed that the best effect of ZPT Atonik (Z) on the parameters of plant height was on the first month that is in the treatment of z2 (Atonic ZPT 1 ml / 1 liter water). The best comparison of planting medium (M) to plant height parameters was at month 2 and month 3 was achieved by treatment of m2 (top soil + husk husk + manure = 1: 1: 1) and m3 treatment (Top soil + + Sand + manure = 1: 1: 1: 1). Furthermore, the best treatment of leaflet parameter of month 1 was achieved by treatment of m1 (top soil + sand + manure = 1: 1: 1). The interaction of ZPT Atonik (zxm) comparison and the best planting medium to the leaf number parameter is the 1st month achieved by the z3p1 treatment (Atonic ZPT 1.5 ml / 1 liter water and top soil + sand + manure = 1: 1: 1) . Keywords: Growing Regulators, Planting Media and Aren Genjah

Features of Zone Thermal Recrystallization of Germaniun Layers Grown on Silicon Substrates from a Discrete Source

We have proposed and investigated a new technique for growing thin uniform layers onto a large semiconductor substrates. The method uses the system of hexagonally arranged round local sources filled with liquid growth substance. The growth substance evaporates on very close substrate, which is removed from the discrete source by about 1 mm. In these conditions vapor pressure of the residual gases is reduced by two orders of magnitude. It is found that to obtain uniform thickness layers by the proposed technique it is strongly necessary that the distance between the discrete source and the substrate will be greater than the critical thickness lcr. It is shown that this parameters lcr increases with the increasing of radius of local sources and the distance between the local sources. For example, to achieve uniformity of better than 97% the critical thickness must be equal to lcr = 1.2 mm for a hexagonal arranged system of round local sources with the radius of r = 0.75 mm and the distance between the sources of h = 0.5 mm.

Performance of cluster bean cultivars under the application of variousagrochemicals in Sub - Humid area of Rajasthan

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season 2008 and 2009 to find out response of clusterbean to various growth regulators. The experiment was laid out under spit plot design where four varieties (RGC-936, RGC-1002, RGC-1003 AND RGC- 1017 are taken as main plot treatment and seven growth substance (control, seed treatment with thiourea 500 ppm, foliar application of thiourea 500 ppm, seed+foliar application of thiourea 500 ppm, seed treatment with TGA 100ppm, foliar application of TGA 100 ppm and seed+foliar application of TGA 100ppm) as sub plot treatment and with three replications. Application of seed + foliar application with thiourea 500ppm on yield attributes viz., pods plant-1, seeds pod-1 , weight of seeds pod-1, test weight, seed yield plant-1 showed significant increase i.e. 24.88g, 6.97g, 0.187g, 26.82g, 5.04g on pooled basis. The results revealed that the variety RGC-936 gave significantly higher number of pods per plant (24.85.00), seeds per pod (6.67), weight of seed per pod (0.179 g), test weight (26.09 g), and seed yield per plant (4.67 g). Seed+foliar application of thiourea 500ppm recorded significant improvement in yield and yield attributes on the pooled basis. The maximum net returns (Rs.2873/-) and B:C ratio (3.82) were recorded with the variety RGC-936.

Roles of plant growth substance in callus induction of Achyranthes bidentata

<p> <strong>In this research, callus from leaves, petioles and stems of <em>Achyranthes bidentata</em> was evidently initiated by plant growth substance, in which 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was very important to callus induction, but effects of other plant growth substances were various, and the optimum combination of plant growth substances for callus induction from leaves, petioles and stems was respectively obtained. Compared with callus induction from leaves and petioles, callus induction from stems was easier, and the higher induction rate and bigger mass of callus from stems were obtained. This study showed that the dedifferentiation capacity</strong><strong> of various explants from </strong><strong><em>Achyranthes bidentata</em></strong><strong> was obviously different, and effects of plant growth substance on callus induction from various explants of <em>Achyranthes bidentata</em> were significantly diverse.</strong><strong></strong></p>

Effects of auxins and cytokinins on tomato callus from anthers

An investigation was carried out on growth substance requirements of tomato callus derived from anthers for culture <i>in vitro</i>. Linsmaier and Skoog (1965) medium was used with various levels of auxins (IAA and NAA) and cytokinins (K and BAP). The results show that cytokinin is an absolute requirement for callus growth irrespective of the auxin level. The optimum concentration of auxin in combination with cytokinin was found to be 5 μM of NAA or 25 μM of IAA, with 5 μM of K or BAP. Callus growth on media with NAA and cytokinin was superior to that on IAA, amounting to 6.05 g per piece on medium with 5 μM of NAA and BAP. Tissues grown on this medium have the highest water content. At the onset of culture the tissue is characterized by weak growth and attains its maximal increase in fresh weight after 6 weeks.

The role of plant growth substances in the regulation of the cell cycle in antheridial filaments of Chara vulgaris L. I. Effect of gibberellic acid on some, processes in the course of the cell cycle

The effect of gibberellic acid (10^-4 M) on the incorporation of 8-¹⁴C adenine, ³H phenylalanine, the dimensions of mitotic cells and the durations of particular stages in the cell cycle were studied in synchronously dividing cells of the antheridial filaments in <i>Chara vulgaris</i> L. during succesive periods of growth and differentiation. GA₃ strongly stimulates the uptake of both labeled precursors in the course of a whole interphase and in all generations of the antheridial filaments; approximatively in proportion to the intensity of the process in the control. The gibberellin causes a slight increment in cell dimensions and strongly reduces the cell cycle durations: the S, G2, and M to a similar degree. The earlier is the generation of the antheridial filament, the more pronounced is the influence of the plant growth substance. Since the gibberellin stimulated the course of all examined processes, the present study did not reveal any stage of interphase to be especially sensitive to GA₃. The results suggest to interpret the effect of GA₃ as an unspecific stimulator of metabolism in cells of the antheridial filaments of <i>Chara vulgaris</i> L.

Studies of fluorophenylalanine induced Avena coleoptile elongation: Possible modulation of auxin oxidase activity

Previous studies have established that the amino acid analogue p-fluorophenylalanine promotes the elongation of etiolated <em>Avena</em> coleoptile segments and lead us to suggest that the elongation response induced by this isostere is due to a depression of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity resulting in a decreased level of low molecular weight phenols which, directly or indirectly, modify <em>Avena</em> auxin oxidase activity and result in altered levels of growth substance in coleoptile segments. Further elucidation of the nature of the growth response necessitated additional studies on analogue specificity. To date only fluorinated analogues have been used to modify L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, therefore, data on the effects of other halide substituted phenylalanines are presented and comapred to the results of fluorophenylalanine treatment. Data indicate that the p-tluorophenylalanine response is isomer and substituent specific for no other halide substituted analogue elicits a positive elongation response. Treatment of <em>Avena</em> coleoptiles with p-fluorophenylalanine results in a modified auxin oxidase activity. A decrease in oxidase specific activity has been observed throughout a series of temperature and pH studies performed in this laboratory.