Peanut Response to Crop Rotation, Drip Tube Lateral Spacing, and Irrigation Rates with Deep Subsurface Drip Irrigation

ABSTRACT Long term crop yield with various crop rotations irrigated with subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI) is not known for US southeast. A SSDI system was installed in 1998 on Tifton loamy sand soil with five crop rotations, two drip tube lateral spacings, and three irrigation levels. Crop rotations ranged from continuous peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) to four years between peanut. Laterals were installed beneath each crop row (0.91-m) and alternate row middles (1.83-m). Crops were irrigated daily at 100, 75 and 50% of estimated crop water use. Laterals spaced at 1.83 m had the same yield as laterals spaced at 0.91-m in nine out of ten years. The 50, 75, and 100% irrigation treatments averaged 3263, 3468, and 3497 kg/ha, respectively. There was no yield difference between the 75 and 100% irrigation treatments implying 25% water savings. Crop rotation affected peanut yield seven out of eight years and continuous peanut had lowest yield across all years. As time between peanut crops increased peanut yield increased. Irrigation treatment had no effect on total sound mature kernels (TSMK). Lateral spacing affected TSMK 20% of the time and crop rotation affected TSMK 90% of the time. Continuous peanut rotation had the lowest TSMK with higher TSMK occurring as time between peanut crops increased. There was no evidence of any one crop rotation negatively affecting kernel size distribution except for continuous peanut. When using SSDI, it is possible to save 25% irrigation water, install drip laterals in alternate row middles, and rotate with peanut every three years without negatively affecting peanut yield or grade.

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Weed Control, Yield, and Quality of Processing Tomato Production under Different Irrigation, Tillage, and Herbicide Systems

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-05-057.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 831-838 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Kipp F. Sutton ◽

W. Thomas Lanini ◽

Jefferey P. Mitchell ◽

Eugene M. Miyao ◽

Anil Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Irrigation Treatments ◽

Subsurface Drip ◽

Germination And Growth

A field experiment was conducted near Davis, CA, during the 2003 and 2004 summer growing seasons to compare weed control, yield, and fruit quality in different irrigation and tillage systems in processing tomato. Trial design was a subplots with the main plots as subsurface drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, subplots were standard tillage or conservation tillage, and sub-subplots were herbicide or no herbicide. The hypothesis was that subsurface drip irrigation could limit surface soil wetting and thus inhibit germination and growth of weeds equal to or better than standard tillage and/or herbicides. In both 2003 and 2004, weed densities in the subsurface drip irrigation treatments were over 98% lower than the levels in furrow irrigation treatments. In addition, weed densities were lower in the subsurface drip–conservation till–no herbicide treatment than in any of the furrow irrigation treatments, including the furrow irrigation–standard tillage–herbicide treatments. The time required for a hand-hoeing crew to remove weeds was 5 to 13 times greater in furrow irrigation treatments compared to subsurface drip irrigation treatments. Weed biomass on beds at tomato harvest was 10 to 14 times greater in the furrow systems as compared to the subsurface drip irrigation systems. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of subsurface drip irrigation in controlling weed germination and growth, compared to tillage or herbicide applications. Tomato yield was higher in the subsurface drip irrigation treatment compared to furrow irrigation in 2004. Herbicide treatment increased yield in 2004, but only in the furrow irrigation treatment in 2003. Fruit brix level was not related to treatment in 2003, but was lower in the subsurface drip irrigation plots in 2004. These results indicate that subsurface drip irrigation can reduce weed competition in conservation tillage systems, without requiring herbicide applications.

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Evaluation of Shallow Subsurface Drip Irrigation for the Production of Acorn Squash

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.26.4.436 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 436-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Timothy Coolong

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Block Design ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Set Point ◽

Irrigation Water Use ◽

Subsurface Drip ◽

The Impact

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has been increasingly used for the production of numerous agronomic crops and a limited number of vegetable crops. To determine the impact of SDI compared with surface drip irrigation (SUR), a study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 with ‘Table Queen’ acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo var. turbinata) with irrigation initiated at 75% and 50% plant available water (PAW). The study was arranged as a factorial randomized complete block design and plants were grown with two irrigation types (SUR or SDI) and two tensiometer-controlled irrigation regimes. Results from 2011 suggested that SDI used less water compared with SUR at each irrigation set point. However, in 2012, significantly more water was used in all treatments due to warmer temperatures and less rainfall. In 2012, SDI used more water than SUR treatments at the same irrigation set point. In 2012, yield was affected by irrigation treatment. Plants grown using SUR irrigating at 75% PAW had greater numbers of fruit compared with other treatments. Furthermore, the highest yielding treatment had more than twice the number of irrigation events than the other treatments though the average lengths of irrigation events were shorter. Although overall yields were greater in 2012, irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) was lower than in 2011 due to increased water use. These results suggest that while SDI may have some advantages over traditional SUR, environmental factors during growth can significantly impact the efficiency and productivity of each system.

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SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGNED FOR RESEARCH IN ROW CROP ROTATIONS

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/2013.5461 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. B. Sorensen ◽

F. S. Wright ◽

C. L. Butts

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Drip Irrigation System ◽

Row Crop ◽

Subsurface Drip

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Comparison of Lettuce Diseases and Yield Under Subsurface Drip and Furrow Irrigation

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.1997.87.8.877 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 87 (8) ◽

pp. 877-883 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

K. V. Subbarao ◽

J. C. Hubbard ◽

K. F. Schulbach

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Block Design ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Corky Root ◽

Salinas Valley ◽

Lettuce Drop ◽

Irrigation Treatments ◽

Subsurface Drip

Subsurface drip and furrow irrigation were compared on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cvs. Salinas and Misty Day for yield and incidence and severity of three important diseases of lettuce in the Salinas Valley, CA. Experiments were conducted between 1993 and 1995 during the spring and fall seasons. The diseases examined included lettuce drop (Sclerotinia minor), downy mildew (Bremia lactucae), and corky root (Rhizomonas suberifaciens). Replicated plots of subsurface drip and furrow irrigation were arranged in a randomized complete-block design. All plants were inoculated with S. minor at the initiation of the experiment during the 1993 spring season. Plots were not inoculated for downy mildew and corky root during any season nor were the plots reinoculated with S. minor. During each season, all plots were sprinkler irrigated until thinning, and subsequently, the irrigation treatments were begun. The furrow plots were irrigated once per week, and the drip plots received water twice per week. The distribution of soil moisture at two soil depths (0 to 5 and 6 to 15 cm) at 5, 10, and 15 cm distance on either side of the bed center in two diagonal directions was significantly lower in drip-irrigated compared with furrow-irrigated plots. Plots were evaluated for lettuce drop incidence and downy mildew incidence and severity at weekly intervals until harvest. Corky root severity and yield components were determined at maturity. Lettuce drop incidence and corky root severity were significantly lower and yields were higher in plots under subsurface drip irrigation compared with furrow irrigation, regardless of the cultivar, except during the 1994 fall season. Incidence and severity of downy mildew were not significantly different between the two irrigation methods throughout the study. The differential microclimates created by the two irrigation treatments did not affect downy mildew infection, presumably because the mesoclimate is usually favorable in the Salinas Valley. Subsurface drip irrigation is a viable, long-term strategy for soilborne disease management in lettuce in the Salinas Valley.

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Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Fertigation of Broccoli

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj2002.0178 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 178 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Thomas L. Thompson ◽

Thomas A. Doerge ◽

Ronald E. Godin

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Subsurface Drip

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Behaviour of the fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0294 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 42 (1-2) ◽

pp. 75-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. Campos ◽

G. Oron ◽

M. Salgot ◽

L. Gillerman

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Fecal Pollution ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Reclaimed Wastewater ◽

Pollution Indicators ◽

Subsurface Drip

A critical objective for any wastewater reuse programme is to minimise health and environmental hazard. When applying wastewater to soil–plant systems, it is to be noted that the passage of water through the soil considerably reduces the number of microorganisms carried by the reclaimed wastewater. Factors that affect survival include number and type of microorganisms, soil organic matter content, temperature, moisture, pH, rainfall, sunlight, protection provided by foliage and antagonism by soil microflora. The purpose of this work was to examine the behaviour of fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a vineyard located at a commercial farm near the City of Arad (Israel). Wastewater and soil samples were monitored during the irrigation period and examined for fecal coliforms, somatic and F+ coliphages and helminth eggs. Physico-chemical parameters were controlled in order to determine their relationship with removal of microorganisms. The results showed high reduction of the concentration of microorganisms when wastewater moves through the soil; and a good correlation between the reduction of fecal pollution indicators and moisture content, organic matter concentration and pH. The application of secondary treated domestic wastewater in this specific soil and under these irrigation systems affect the survival of microorganisms, thus reducing the health and environmental risk.

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