scholarly journals Editorial

Transfers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Heike Weber ◽  
Gijs Mom
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Catastrophic Failures ◽  
The World ◽  
Manned Space

The final months of 2014 have seen many critical events in respect to mobility: Apple introduced its Apple Watch, a cyborg technology that adds a novel, substantially corporeal layer to our “always on” connectedness—what Sherry Turkle has termed the “tethered self.”1 Moreover, it is said to revolutionize mobile paying systems, and it might finally implement mobile body monitoring techniques into daily life.2 Ebola is terrorizing Africa and frightening the world; its outbreak and spread is based on human mobility, and researchers are calling for better control and quantifi cation of human mobility in the affected regions to contain the disease.3 Even its initial spread from animals to humans may have had its origin in human transgressions beyond traditional habitats, by intruding into insular bush regions and using the local fruit bats as food. Due to global mobility patterns, the viral passenger switched transport modes, from animal to airplane. On the other hand, private space fl ight suff ered two serious setbacks in just one week when the Antares rocket of Orbital Sciences, with supplies for the International Space Station and satellites on board, exploded, and shortly after, SpaceShipTwo crashed over the Mojave Desert. Th ese catastrophic failures ignited wide media discussion on the challenges, dangers, and signifi cance of space mobility, its ongoing commercialization and privatization, and, in particular, plans for future manned space travel for “tourists.”4

scholarly journals Modelling Representative Population Mobility for COVID-19 Spatial Transmission in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Potgieter ◽  
I. N. Fabris-Rotelli ◽  
Z. Kimmie ◽  
N. Dudeni-Tlhone ◽  
J. P. Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Weight ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
Spatial Transmission

The COVID-19 pandemic starting in the first half of 2020 has changed the lives of everyone across the world. Reduced mobility was essential due to it being the largest impact possible against the spread of the little understood SARS-CoV-2 virus. To understand the spread, a comprehension of human mobility patterns is needed. The use of mobility data in modelling is thus essential to capture the intrinsic spread through the population. It is necessary to determine to what extent mobility data sources convey the same message of mobility within a region. This paper compares different mobility data sources by constructing spatial weight matrices at a variety of spatial resolutions and further compares the results through hierarchical clustering. We consider four methods for constructing spatial weight matrices representing mobility between spatial units, taking into account distance between spatial units as well as spatial covariates. This provides insight for the user into which data provides what type of information and in what situations a particular data source is most useful.

scholarly journals Report on the World Space Congress

1993 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 435-437
Author(s):  
Dennis D. Mccarthy
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Lunar Observations ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Observational Techniques ◽  
International Astronautical

The World Space Congress comprised of the 43rd Congress of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) and the 29th Plenary Meeting of the Committee of Space Research (COSPAR) was held in Washington, DC from 27 August to 4 September, 1992. Over 3000 people participated in the meetings where scientific papers were presented on such diverse topics as space travel, biological aspects of space travel, relativity, planetary atmospheres, space debris, space law, global change, launch vehicles, space station, space communication, navigation, Earth rotation, astrometry, satellite geodesy, use of lunar observations, and new observational techniques. Presentations dealing with the topics of this symposium are discussed, but complete reports will be forthcoming in the proceedings of the Congress.

scholarly journals Characterizing Urban Mobility Patterns: A Case Study of Mexico City

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Pierre Melikov ◽  
Jeremy A. Kho ◽  
Vincent Fighiera ◽  
Fahad Alhasoun ◽  
Jorge Audiffred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractSeamless access to destinations of value such as workplaces, schools, parks or hospitals, influences the quality of life of people all over the world. The first step to planning and improving proximity to services is to estimate the number of trips being made from different parts of a city. A challenge has been representative data available for that purpose. Relying on expensive and infrequently collected travel surveys for modeling trip distributions to facilities has slowed down the decision-making process. The growing abundance of data already collected, if analyzed with the right methods, can help us with planning and understanding cities. In this chapter, we examine human mobility patterns extracted from data passively collected. We present results on the use of points of interest (POIs) registered on Google Places to approximate trip attraction in a city. We compare the result of trip distribution models that utilize only POIs with those utilizing conventional data sets, based on surveys. We show that an extended radiation model provides very good estimates when compared with the official origin–destination matrices from the latest census in Mexico City.

scholarly journals Modelling Representative Population Mobility for COVID-19 Spatial Transmission in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminn Potgieter ◽  
Inger Fabris-Rotelli ◽  
Zaid Kimmie ◽  
Nontembeko Dudeni-Tlhone ◽  
Jenny Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Weight ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
Spatial Transmission

The COVID-19 pandemic starting in the first half of 2020 has changed the lives of everyone across the world. Reduced mobility was essential due to it being the largest impact possible against the spread of the little understood SARS-CoV-2 virus. To understand the spread, a comprehension of human mobility patterns is needed. The use of mobility data in modelling is thus essential to capture the intrinsic spread through the population. It is necessary to determine to what extent mobility data convey the same message of mobility within a region. This paper compares different mobility data sources by constructing spatial weight matrices and further compares the results through hierarchical clustering. This provides insight for the user into which data provides what type of information and in what situations a particular source is most useful.

scholarly journals Design of an Autonomous and Timed Water Delivery System in Microgravity

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Elke ◽  
Maia Heineck ◽  
Jonah Meffert ◽  
Ellie Monaghan ◽  
Jason Palesse
Keyword(s):  
Space Exploration ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
International Space ◽  
Schedule Flexibility ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Fully Functioning

For long-duration, manned, space exploration missions to be feasible, farming techniques in space must become reliable and fruitful. The NASA Project Veggie team currently runs experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) in order to better understand how plants react to a microgravity environment. Current watering strategies on the ISS involve manual watering of all plants by the crewmembers. This poses a problem because watering plants must be scheduled into the crewmembers’ days which means less time to work, etc. The objective of Team International Space Salads (ISSa) was to create a device and prove that it could function in microgravity without electricity to autonomously water the plants in order to allow for schedule flexibility of the ISS crewmembers and to lay the foundation for watering systems for deep-space travel. The final device did not function fully as planned, however, the plant growing, surface tension experiments, and the device collectively progressed the multi-year project to a state where successive teams would have the knowledge and tools necessary to create a fully functioning device.

Jewish Women’s Life and Practice in the World of the New Testament

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Tal Ilan
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament

The women of the New Testament were Jewish women, and for historians of the period their mention and status in the New Testament constitutes the missing link between the way women are portrayed in the Hebrew Bible and their changed status in rabbinic literature (Mishnah and Talmud). In this chapter, I examine how they fit into the Jewish concepts of womanhood. I examine various recognized categories that are relevant for gender research such as patriarchy, public and private space, law, politics, and religion. In each case I show how these affected Jewish women, and how the picture that emerges from the New Testament fits these categories.

scholarly journals Public Transport GPS Probe and Rail Gate Data for Assessing the Pattern of Human Mobility in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2178
Author(s):  
Songkorn Siangsuebchart ◽  
Sarawut Ninsawat ◽  
Apichon Witayangkurn ◽  
Surachet Pravinvongvuth
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Transport Planning ◽  
Java Program

Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand, is one of the most developed and expansive cities. Due to the ongoing development and expansion of Bangkok, urbanization has continued to expand into adjacent provinces, creating the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). Continuous monitoring of human mobility in BMR aids in public transport planning and design, and efficient performance assessment. The purpose of this study is to design and develop a process to derive human mobility patterns from the real movement of people who use both fixed-route and non-fixed-route public transport modes, including taxis, vans, and electric rail. Taxi GPS open data were collected by the Intelligent Traffic Information Center Foundation (iTIC) from all GPS-equipped taxis of one operator in BMR. GPS probe data of all operating GPS-equipped vans were collected by the Ministry of Transport’s Department of Land Transport for daily speed and driving behavior monitoring. Finally, the ridership data of all electric rail lines were collected from smartcards by the Automated Fare Collection (AFC). None of the previous works on human mobility extraction from multi-sourced big data have used van data; therefore, it is a challenge to use this data with other sources in the study of human mobility. Each public transport mode has traveling characteristics unique to its passengers and, therefore, specific analytical tools. Firstly, the taxi trip extraction process was developed using Hadoop Hive to process a large quantity of data spanning a one-month period to derive the origin and destination (OD) of each trip. Secondly, for van data, a Java program was used to construct the ODs of van trips. Thirdly, another Java program was used to create the ODs of the electric rail lines. All OD locations of these three modes were aggregated into transportation analysis zones (TAZ). The major taxi trip destinations were found to be international airports and provincial bus terminals. The significant trip destinations of vans were provincial bus terminals in Bangkok, electric rail stations, and the industrial estates in other provinces of BMR. In contrast, electric rail destinations were electric rail line interchange stations, the central business district (CBD), and commercial office areas. Therefore, these significant destinations of taxis and vans should be considered in electric rail planning to reduce the air pollution from gasoline vehicles (taxis and vans). Using the designed procedures, the up-to-date dataset of public transport can be processed to derive a time series of human mobility as an input into continuous and sustainable public transport planning and performance assessment. Based on the results of the study, the procedures can benefit other cities in Thailand and other countries.

scholarly journals Understanding senior's daily mobility patterns in California using human mobility motifs

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 103117
Author(s):  
Rongxiang Su ◽  
Jingyi Xiao ◽  
Elizabeth C. McBride ◽  
Konstadinos G. Goulias
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Daily Mobility

scholarly journals A novel geo-hierarchical population mobility model for spatial spreading of resurgent epidemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Topîrceanu ◽  
Radu-Emil Precup
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
Control Of Epidemics

AbstractComputational models for large, resurgent epidemics are recognized as a crucial tool for predicting the spread of infectious diseases. It is widely agreed, that such models can be augmented with realistic multiscale population models and by incorporating human mobility patterns. Nevertheless, a large proportion of recent studies, aimed at better understanding global epidemics, like influenza, measles, H1N1, SARS, and COVID-19, underestimate the role of heterogeneous mixing in populations, characterized by strong social structures and geography. Motivated by the reduced tractability of studies employing homogeneous mixing, which make conclusions hard to deduce, we propose a new, very fine-grained model incorporating the spatial distribution of population into geographical settlements, with a hierarchical organization down to the level of households (inside which we assume homogeneous mixing). In addition, population is organized heterogeneously outside households, and we model the movement of individuals using travel distance and frequency parameters for inter- and intra-settlement movement. Discrete event simulation, employing an adapted SIR model with relapse, reproduces important qualitative characteristics of real epidemics, like high variation in size and temporal heterogeneity (e.g., waves), that are challenging to reproduce and to quantify with existing measures. Our results pinpoint an important aspect, that epidemic size is more sensitive to the increase in distance of travel, rather that the frequency of travel. Finally, we discuss implications for the control of epidemics by integrating human mobility restrictions, as well as progressive vaccination of individuals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document