Abstract
Background: Timely and accurately forecasting of the infectious diseases is essentially important for achieving precise prevention and control. A good forecasting method of infectious diseases should have the advantages of interpretability, feasibility and forecasting performance. Since our previous research had illustrated that the spatial transmission network showed good interpretability and feasibility, this study further explored its forecasting performance for the infectious diseases across multiple regions.Methods: Under the topological framework of spatial transmission network, the vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) model was built in a systematic way for parameter learning. Moreover, we utilized the prediction function of the VARMA model to further explore the forecasting performance of the spatial transmission network. The fitting and forecasting performance of the spatial transmission network were subsequently evaluated by comparing the accuracy and precision with the classical autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. The influenza-like illness (ILI) data in Chengdu, Deyang and Mianyang of Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2017 were used as an example for illustration. Results: ① The estimated spatial transmission network revealed that the influenza may probably spread from Chengdu to Deyang during the study period. ② For fitting accuracy, the spatial transmission network had different fitting performance for each city. The spatial transmission network performed slightly worse than the ARMA model in Deyang, but had better fitting performance in the other two cities. ③ For forecasting accuracy, the spatial transmission network outperformed the ARMA model by at least 1% for both mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). ④ The forecasting standard errors of the spatial transmission network were smaller than those of the ARMA model.Conclusions: This study applied the spatial transmission network to the prediction of infectious diseases across multiple regions. The results illustrated that the spatial transmission network not only had good accuracy and precision in forecasting performance, but also could indicate the spreading directions of infectious diseases among multiple regions to a certain extent. Therefore, the spatial transmission network is a promising candidate to improve the surveillance work.