scholarly journals Corrigendum to “Robustness and sensitivity of a blueprint for on-farm estimation of dairy cow energy balance” (J. Dairy Sci. 101:6002–6018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Vivi M. Thorup ◽  
Mizeck G.G. Chagunda ◽  
Amelie Fischer ◽  
Martin R. Weisbjerg ◽  
Nicolas C. Friggens
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Robustness and sensitivity of a blueprint for on-farm estimation of dairy cow energy balance

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 6002-6018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivi M. Thorup ◽  
Mizeck G.G. Chagunda ◽  
Amelie Fischer ◽  
Martin R. Weisbjerg ◽  
Nicolas C. Friggens
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
On Farm

Consequences for reproductive function of metabolic adaption to load

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Webb ◽  
P. C. Garnsworthy ◽  
J. G. Gong ◽  
R. S. Robinson ◽  
D. C. Wathes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Embryo Survival

AbstractAn effective method for enhancing milk production efficiency in dairy cows is to increase milk yield and significant progress has been achieved through intense selection, assisted by the application of new reproductive techniques. However this increased milk yield has been accompanied by a slow but steady decline in dairy cow fertility. The two main reasons for this reducing level of fertility appear to be selection for increased milk yield and large herd sizes, although the affect of the introduction of Holstein genes needs to be investigated. In addition, other negative consequences such as an increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases and lameness have been observed. This has given rise to public concern that the high-yielding dairy cow may be under a state of metabolic stress during peak lactation and therefore the welfare and performance of other body functions are compromised.The reason for this decline in fertility is not well understood, although a nutritional influence on the initiation of oestrous cycles, follicular growth, oocyte quality and early embryonic development has been implicated. In early lactation dietary intake is unable to meet the demands of milk production and most cows enter a period of negative energy balance. Negative energy balance has a broadly similar effect to undernutrition leading to a mobilization of body reserves. Furthermore diets high in rumen degradable protein lead to an excess of rumen ammonia, which before it is converted to urea by the liver and excreted in the urine, may cause an alteration in the reproductive tract environment reducing embryo survival. Such major changes in the metabolic and endocrine systems can therefore influence fertility at a number of key points.Possible reproductive sites where inadequate nutrition may have detrimental effects include: (i) the hypothalamic/pituitary gland where gonadotropin release may be impaired; (ii) a direct effect on the ovaries, where both follicular growth patterns and corpus luteum function may be directly influenced; (iii) the quality of the oocyte prior to ovulation may be reduced and coupled with an inadequate uterine environment will result in reduced embryo survival and (iv) there may be effects on subsequent embryo development. The initiation of normal oestrous cycles post partum is usually delayed in dairy cows with a higher genetic merit for milk production, confirming that intense selection towards high milk yield can compromise reproductive function. In addition, the effects of increased milk yield may include changes in circulating GH and insulin concentrations, which in turn alter both insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF binding protein production. Nutrition has recently been shown to have a direct effect at the level of both the ovaries and the uterus to alter the expression of these growth factors.In conclusion, further knowledge is required to determine how the metabolic changes associated with high milk output reduce fertility. Identification and understanding of the mechanisms involved and the key sites of action responsible for compromised reproductive function, will enable the identification of possible indices for future multiple-trait selection programmes.

Pasture allowance and duration: the effect of restriction on dry-matter intake, energy balance and indicators of metabolic health in early lactation dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Aisling Claffey ◽  
Luc Delaby ◽  
Eva Lewis ◽  
Tommy M. Boland ◽  
Norann Galvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Grass Growth

Context Pasture allowance (PA) in early lactation is widely acknowledged to influence animal performance; however, climatic factors can limit grass growth in early spring, resulting in potential feed deficits on farm. Aim The present study determined whether PA restrictions imposed in early lactation impair energy balance and metabolic health of the cow. Methods One hundred and five cows were assigned to one of seven grazing treatments from 14 March to 4 July 2016 (16 weeks). The control-treatment cows were offered a PA to achieve a post-grazing sward height of 3.5 cm. The cows on the remaining treatments were offered a PA representing 60% of that offered to the control cows for a duration of 2 or 6 weeks from 14 March (mid-March; MMx2 and MMx6), 28 March (end-March; EMx2 and EMx6) or 11 April (mid-April; MAx2 and MAx6). Measurements were collected over the final 2-week period of the restriction for each individual restricted treatment and the control treatment. Key results Restricting PA in early lactation (34–88 days in milk) resulted in a mean reduction in dry-matter intake (DMI) of 25%; however, DMI as a proportion of the control treatment declined for EMx6 (75% of control DMI achieved) and MAx6 (65%) compared with the MMx6 (78%), which may be attributable to changes in the sward, as the plant changes from the vegetative to reproductive phase during this period. The reduction in milk production, relative to the control treatment, was similar among all restricted treatments (18%), resulting in a 1.1-kg reduction in milk output per 1-kg reduction in DMI. However, there was no effect of PA restriction or duration on body condition score, energy balance or blood metabolites, suggesting that the animals used in the current study made sufficient physiological adaptions to partition energy for the maintenance of body reserves. Conclusion In conclusion, short-term restrictions of PA up to 25% of DMI, for up to 6 weeks, can be used as a management strategy to cope with feed deficits in early lactation without impairing normal metabolic function of the early lactation dairy cow. Implications The results of the present study identified the ability of the early lactation dairy cow at grass to adapt to short-term deficits in pasture availability, without affecting the metabolic functioning of the animals

scholarly journals Dairy cow production when supplemented with whole-crop cereal silages in spring and autumn

2004 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
G.J. Platfoot ◽  
M.G. Hyslop ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
I.D. Corson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
On Farm

The on-farm milk production, pasture intake and silage intake of cows fed either whole-crop cereal silage or pasture silage as a supplement to pasture was compared in four herds in autumn and two herds in spring during 2002 and 2003. The number of cows per herd ranged from 90 to 270 cows per feeding treatment. Silages were supplemented at rates determined by farmer feed budget. The amount offered ranged from 3 to 6.6 kg DM/cow/ day. Pasture intake estimates ranged from 7.2 to 13.0 kg DM/cow/day. Milksolids (MS) production ranged from 0.93 to 1.61 kg/cow/day in autumn and from 1.33 to 1.98 kg/cow in spring. The feeding of whole-crop cereal silage produced more MS production in two autumn studies compared to feeding pasture silage as a supplement (+0.08 kg/cow/d; P

EVALUATION OF FOUR ON-FARM PROGESTERONE TEST KITS AS AN AID TO REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT IN DAIRY COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RAJAMAHENDRAN ◽  
B. WONG ◽  
J. ROBINSON ◽  
J. A. SHELFORD
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
On Farm

Four on-farm progesterone kits were evaluated for ease of use, color development and accuracy. No difference (P > 0.05) was found between kits in their ability to predict progesterone status but the accuracy of all kits varied with progesterone concentration. Tests were highly effective at low or high progesterone levels, but were of little predictive value for values between these extremes. Data suggest that on-farm progesterone tests are potentially useful management aids to confirm estrus, nonpregnancy and cyclicity. Key words: Progesterone, test kit, dairy cow

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