scholarly journals Hiv And Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Leandro Júnior de Lima ◽  
Ana Lúcia Lyrio de Oliveira ◽  
Valdir Aragão Nascimento ◽  
Josiel Elisandro Werle ◽  
Priscila G. S. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
B Virus

The clinical importance of HBV-HIV co-infection comes from the fact that both viruses are highly transmissible and share similar routes of transmission. Co-infected individuals are more likely to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In view of the above, this manuscript is a quantitative, sectional, descriptive study with secondary data obtained from the analysis of medical records of 88 individuals with chronic hepatitis B. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to estimate the frequency of HBV-HIV co-infection and to identify the presence of liver damage. The results revealed an HBV-HIV co-infection rate of 9.1% (8//88), with two individuals being infected with the HIV-HBV-HCV virus concurrently. A large percentage of patients are male and heterosexual. There was a relationship between risky sexual behavior (sex without using a condom, multiple sexual partners) and the acquisition of hepatitis B and HIV. Related to the presence of liver lesions, it was observed that only one patient is diagnosed with liver cirrhosis, but there were no cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering the increase in the quality of life and survival of people with HIV, the need to maintain protocols for the investigation of hepatocellular carcinoma is evident, thus seeking early detection and treatment.

scholarly journals HoxA10 Facilitates SHP-1-Catalyzed Dephosphorylation of p38 MAPK/STAT3 To Repress Hepatitis B Virus Replication by a Feedback Regulatory Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyu Yang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xuewu Zhang ◽  
Lei You ◽  
Wenbiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Human Hepatocytes ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACTHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study reveals a distinct mechanism underlying the regulation of HBV replication. HBV activates homeobox A10 (HoxA10) in human hepatocytes, leukocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), HepG2-NTCP cells, leukocytes isolated from CHB patients, and HBV-associated HCC tissues. HoxA10 in turn represses HBV replication in human hepatocytes, HepG2-NTCP cells, and BALB/c mice. Interestingly, we show that during early HBV infection, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were activated to facilitate HBV replication; however, during late HBV infection, HoxA10 was induced to attenuate HBV replication. Detailed studies reveal that HoxA10 binds to p38 MAPK, recruits SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) to facilitate SHP-1 in catalyzing dephosphorylation of p38 MAPK/STAT3, and thereby attenuates p38 MAPK/STAT3 activation and HBV replication. Furthermore, HoxA10 binds to the HBV enhancer element I (EnhI)/X promoter, competes with STAT3 for binding of the promoter, and thereby represses HBV transcription. Taken together, these results show that HoxA10 attenuates HBV replication through repressing the p38 MAPK/STAT3 pathway by two approaches: HoxA10 interacts with p38 MAPK and recruits SHP-1 to repress HBV replication, and HoxA10 binds to the EnhI/X promoter and competes with STAT3 to attenuate HBV transcription. Thus, the function of HoxA10 is similar to the action of interferon (IFN) in terms of inhibition of HBV infection; however, the mechanism of HoxA10-mediated repression of HBV replication is different from the mechanism underlying IFN-induced inhibition of HBV infection.IMPORTANCETwo billion people have been infected with HBV worldwide; about 240 million infected patients developed chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 650,000 die each year from liver cirrhosis (LC) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This work elucidates a mechanism underlying the control of HBV replication. HBV infection activates HoxA10, a regulator of cell differentiation and cancer progression, in human cells and patients with CHB and HCC. HoxA10 subsequently inhibits HBV replication in human tissue culture cells and mice. Additionally, HoxA10 interacts with p38 MAPK to repress the activation of p38 MAPK and STAT3 and recruits and facilitates SHP-1 to catalyze the dephosphorylation of p38 MAPK and STAT3. Moreover, HoxA10 competes with STAT3 for binding of the HBV X promoter to repress HBV transcription. Thus, this work reveals a negative regulatory mechanism underlying the control of HBV replication and provides new insights into the development of potential agents to control HBV infection.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Disease Conditions Seen at the Gastroenterology Clinic of a Tertiary Health Facility in South-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Oguntoye Oluwatosin Oluwagbenga ◽  
Yusuf Musah ◽  
Olowoyo Paul ◽  
Soje Michael Osisiogu ◽  
Oguntoye Oluwafunmilayo Adenike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Viral Infection

Background: Globally, gastrointestinal medical conditions are common and a considerable number of patients will require specialist consultation for the diagnosis, management and follow-up care. Aim: To determine the spectrum of disease conditions seen at the Gastroenterology clinic of Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti in south-western Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who attended the Gastroenterology clinic between January 2015 and December 2019 (a period of 5 years). The Age, Gender and Diagnosis were obtained from the Clinic Register. A total of 679 patients attended the clinic over the period and they were all recruited into the study. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive statistics used included frequency tables, means and standard deviations. Results: A total number of 679 patients attended the Gastroenterology clinic during the period under review out of which 353 (52.0%) were males and 326 (48.0%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.08 to 1. The age range of the patients was 10 to 93 years with a mean (±SD) of 43.8 (±16.32) and median of 40.0 years. The commonest medical condition seen at our clinic was Chronic Hepatitis B viral infection (38.1%), followed by Acid Peptic Disorders (27.0%), Liver cirrhosis (5.2%), Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (5.0%) and Hepatocellular carcinoma (4.1%). Hepatocellular carcinoma was the commonest malignancy seen at our clinic followed by Gastric cancer (2.5%), Colorectal cancer (1.9%) and Cholangiocarcinoma (0.7%). Pancreatic cancer and Oesophageal cancer were seen at our clinic at the same frequency (0.6% each). Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Achalasia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome were the least frequently seen (0.1% each) medical conditions at our clinic. Acute Hepatitis B viral infection constituted 2.9% while Chronic Hepatitis C viral infection constituted 2.4% of the cases seen. The other medical conditions seen at our clinic include Alcoholic Liver Disease (2.4%), Abdominal Tuberculosis (0.7%), Toxin-induced Hepatitis (0.6%), Haemorrhoids (0.6%), Ulcerative Colitis (0.4%) and Diverticular Disease (0.3%). Conclusion: The commonest medical condition seen at our Gastroenterology clinic was Chronic Hepatitis B virus infection followed by Acid Peptic Disorders both of which are largely preventable and the commonest malignancy seen at our clinic was Hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus infection is highly prevalent in our environment and it is a risk factor for chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Efforts must be enhanced by all stakeholders to curb the spread of this virus and thereby limit its sequelae.

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