Protective effects of methyl prednisolone and dimethyl sulfoxide in experimental middle cerebral artery embolectomy

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit K. Laha ◽  
Manuel Dujovny ◽  
Pedro J. Barrionuevo ◽  
Samuel C. DeCastro ◽  
Harold R. Hellstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Arterial Embolism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Methyl Prednisolone ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
The Brain

✓ Acute arterial embolism continues to be a major cause of stroke morbidity in children and young adults. Potential therapy modalities include medical management and/or cerebral revascularization. The canine middle cerebral artery (MCA) was embolized by means of a pliable cylinder, 8 mm long by 1.6 mm in diameter, via the internal carotid artery. Control and experimental embolectomies were performed 6 hours following embolization. The experimental animals were treated with either dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or methyl prednisolone. In the control animals, the average area of infarction in the brain was 1.45 cu cm. The animals treated with methyl prednisolone (2 mg/kg) or DMSO (2 gm/kg) showed no infarction of the brain, whereas methyl prednisolone (30 mg/kg) did not prevent infarction.

Proatlantal intersegmental artery and trigeminal artery associated with an aneurysm

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Tanaka ◽  
Hideaki Hara ◽  
Genki Momose ◽  
Shigeru Kobayashi ◽  
Shigeaki Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Trigeminal Artery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primitive Trigeminal Artery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case of coexisting proatlantal intersegmental artery and primitive trigeminal artery is described. These anomalies were incidental findings in a patient with hemiparesis due to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The primitive trigeminal artery had an asymptomatic aneurysm at its origin from the internal carotid artery.

Superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomoses in the treatment of a carotid-cavernous fistula

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Ly-young Shen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Carotid Cavernous Fistula ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complete Occlusion ◽  
Cavernous Fistula ◽  
Contralateral Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Temporal Middle

✓ The treatment of a patient with a carotid-cavernous fistula and complete occlusion of the contralateral internal carotid artery is reported. Bilateral superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomoses were performed to create collateral circulation prior to trapping the fistula. The patient made an excellent recovery.

Embolic Hemiplegia following Blunt Thoraco-Cervical Trauma

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
S. Sivanesan ◽  
V. Vignaendra
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Cervical Trauma ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Artery Branch

A 21-year-old man became hemiplegic 36 hours after being assaulted on the neck and chest. A carotid angiogram showed middle cerebral artery branch occlusion. He died 5 days after the assault. Post mortem examination showed infarction of the brain. This infarction is attributed to an embolus that could have arisen either in the internal carotid artery or a tributary of the pulmonary vein.

Spontaneous cerebral revascularization in a patient with STA-MCA anastomosis

1976 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
James I. Ausman ◽  
James Moore ◽  
Shelley N. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Cerebral Revascularization ◽  
Surgical Anastomosis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report a case with spontaneous revascularization of the brain after surgical anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to the middle cerebral artery.

Emergency embolectomy for embolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery after internal carotid artery balloon test occlusion

1992 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Linskey ◽  
Laligam N. Sekhar ◽  
Stephen T. Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Balloon Test Occlusion ◽  
Temporary Occlusion

✓ Balloon test occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is useful in preoperatively assessing the risk of temporary occlusion or permanent sacrifice of the carotid artery. The incidence of symptomatic complications from this procedure is 1.7%. The case is reported of a 57-year-old woman in whom a balloon test occlusion of the left ICA was attempted. She developed a left ICA dissection/occlusion with subsequent embolization to the left middle cerebral artery, leading to right-sided hemiplegia and expressive aphasia. She was successfully treated by an emergency embolectomy followed by surgical repair of the left ICA, with an excellent outcome. This case represents the most serious complication encountered by the authors in more than 300 balloon test occlusions. Means of avoiding this complication during balloon test occlusion as well as the important factors in managing this problem are emphasized.

Comparison of middle cerebral artery trunk occlusion by silicone cylinder embolization and by trapping

1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Okada ◽  
Takeshi Shima ◽  
Noboru Yokoyama ◽  
Tohru Uozumi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chronic Stage ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors produced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) trunk in dogs by two methods: silicone cylinder embolization and trapping. Comparative analyses of the clinicopathological features in these models, extending from the acute to chronic stage, were performed. Within 24 hours after embolization, the brain exhibited swelling without macroscopic infarction. Microangiograms revealed impaired filling in the deep areas of the brain with midline shift. At 4 to 7 days after embolization, the animals showed major neurological deficits, evident deep cerebral infarction, and poorly perfused areas in the deep cerebrum with prominent midline shift. At 3 to 4 weeks after embolization, the neurological deficits improved and the affected regions showed cavities or localized lesions. Microangiograms demonstrated hypervascular areas with abnormal vessels in the affected cerebrum. On the other hand, trapping of the MCA trunk produced mild neurological deficits, although there was no evidence of macroscopic lesions or impairment of filling. This study shows that silicone cylinder embolization in the MCA trunk produces a reliable and reproducible deep cerebral infarction in dogs.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Presenting as a Dual Territory Stroke: The Hyperdense Artery Sign

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Ian C. Bickle
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attenuation Value ◽  
The Brain

This 63 year-old chinese female, with both diabetes and hypertension, underwent CT imaging of the brain after presenting with a progressive left sided hemiplegia.  The ‘hyperdense artery sign’ is a generic description that can be evident in any artery of the body on unenhanced CT, occurring due to the presence of intraluminal thrombosis (Figure 1).  It is a well-established sign, most commonly described in CT imaging of the brain, where it is visualised in the vast majority of cases in the middle cerebral artery in the context of an acute cerebral infarction.1   It occurs uncommonly elsewhere, with the internal carotid artery (ICA) and basilar artery being other clinically significant sites. The ‘hyperdense ICA’ sign has been reported to be a reliable and highly specific marker of thromboembolic occlusion of the internal carotid artery.2  The ‘hyperdense artery sign’ is related to the attenuation value of intraluminal thrombus.  The CT attenuation value (Hounsfield unit or HU) of normal blood is dependent on the haematocrit, ranging from 20 to 30 HU.  As the process of thrombus retraction occurs, its water content decreases, increasing the concentration of haemoglobin within the clot.  As a result this raises the attenuation value of the thrombus to 50–80 H. So the term ‘hyperdense’ is given.3 In this case, it proved to be the presenting symptom for an undiagnosed nasopharyngeal tumour, the thrombus likely developing as a complication of the surrounding tumour within the nasopharyngeal recess.  The resultant outcome was a dual territory cerebral infarction of the anterior and middle cerebral artery territories, both supplied by branches of the internal carotid artery (Figures 2a & 2b).  

Inadvertent middle cerebral artery embolism by a detachable balloon: management by embolectomy

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl W. Swann ◽  
Roberto C. Heros ◽  
Gerard Debrun ◽  
Curt Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Detachable Balloon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Paraclinoid Aneurysm ◽  
Artery Embolism ◽  
Aneurysm Volume

✓ A case of middle cerebral artery embolism by a detachable intra-arterial balloon is presented. The balloon migrated after being detached in an effort to occlude the internal carotid artery proximal to an unclippable giant paraclinoid aneurysm. Volume expansion, induced hypertension, anticoagulation therapy, rapid middle cerebral artery embolectomy, and good collateral circulation are factors that may have contributed to the patient's complete recovery from hemiplegia.

scholarly journals Bihemispheric Subcortical Infarcts in the Middle Cerebral Artery Territory

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. CCRep.S7121
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kataoka ◽  
Masahiro Kumazawa ◽  
Tesseki Izumi ◽  
Satoshi Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Territory ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
The Brain

Background and purpose Previous studies have suggested embolic mechanisms for bihemispheric subcortical infarcts involving the anterior and posterior circulation. However, the mechanism of bihemispheric subcortical infarcts in middle cerebral artery (MCA) territories remains uncertain. We describe a patient with acute bihemispheric subcortical infarcts in restricted MCA territories suggesting an embolic mechanism. Case description A 62-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia suddenly presented with left hemiplegia. Diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resolution imaging of the brain showed multiple subcortical high intensity in the MCA territories. There were no acute infarctions in the cerebrum, brain stem, or cerebellum, including cortical lesions. The patient had no carotid, internal carotid artery, or MCA disease. Conclusion Bihemispheric subcortical infarcts in the MCA territory are likely to have a proximal embolic source and such infarcts could be associated with multiple subcortical infarcts due to small vessel disease.

Response of canine internal carotid system to acetylcholine

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. H1392-H1396
Author(s):  
G. Dieguez ◽  
E. Nava-Hernandez ◽  
J. Valle ◽  
A. L. Garcia-Villalon ◽  
J. L. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cervical Portion ◽  
The Brain

The reactivity of the canine internal carotid system to acetylcholine (10(-8)-10(-4) M) was studied isometrically with 4-mm cylindrical segments from cervical and cavernous portions of the internal carotid artery and from the middle cerebral artery. Under control conditions, the cervical portion relaxed to every dose, the cavernous portion relaxed at low concentrations (10(-8)-10(-6) M) and contracted at higher concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) M), whereas the middle cerebral artery contracted to every dose of acetylcholine. These responses were blocked by atropine (10(-6) M). Without endothelium, the cervical portion exhibited a lower relaxation, the cavernous portion contracted, and the middle cerebral artery was practically unresponsive to acetylcholine. These responses were also blocked by atropine. It suggests that the reactivity of the internal carotid system to acetylcholine 1) is endothelium dependent and 2) changes as it courses toward the brain, and this could be related to different embryological origin of the components of this arterial system.

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