Primary intranasal encephalocele

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rashid Choudhury ◽  
Julien C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Nasal Polyp ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cranial Trauma ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Anatomical Defects

✓ Four cases of primary intranasal encephalocele are presented. Three of the patients had been treated for nasal polyps. One of these three patients presented with persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea after a fourth polypectomy, another with recurrent CSF rhinorrhea and bacterial meningitis following a second polypectomy, and the third case with recurrence of meningitis, also following polypectomy. Recurrent bacterial meningitis was the mode of presentation in the fourth case. Encephalocele was the isolated abnormality in three, but the fourth had a degree of associated hypertelorism. The diagnosis of encephalocele should be considered in any patient with a nasal polyp, especially in children and in patients with recurrent bacterial meningitis, with or without rhinorrhea, in the absence of cranial trauma or surgery, or in the absence of external craniospinal anatomical defects.

Bacterial meningitis caused by the use of ventricular or lumbar cerebrospinal fluid catheters

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogier P. Schade ◽  
Janke Schinkel ◽  
Leo G. Visser ◽  
J. Marc C. van Dijk ◽  
Joan H. C. Voormolen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
External Drainage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventricular Catheters ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fine Print

Object. In the present study the authors compared the incidence and risk factors for external drainage—related bacterial meningitis (ED-BM) by using ventricular and lumbar catheters. Methods. A cohort of 230 consecutive patients with ED was evaluated. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained daily for microbiological culture, and ED-BM was defined based on culture results in combination with clinical symptoms. The incidence of ED-BM was 7% in lumbar and 15% in ventricular drains. Independent risk factors included site leakage, drain blockage, and most importantly duration of ED. Despite a higher infection rate, ventricular catheters did not have a significant higher risk of infection after correcting for duration of drainage. Conclusions. Analysis of data in the present study showed that the incidence of ED-associated death is low (0.45%) in patients who do not receive continuous antibiotic prophylaxis during ED.

Neuroepithelial (colloid) cyst of the third ventricle in identical twins

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Wahab M. Ibrahim ◽  
Hisham Farag ◽  
Mohammed Naguib ◽  
Ezzeldin Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Colloid Cyst ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Colloid Cysts ◽  
Fluid Pathway ◽  
Ocular Signs ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are described in middle-aged twin brothers. One of them presented with recurrent attacks of headache. In this patient the cyst had reached a size large enough to obstruct the cerebrospinal fluid pathway, resulting in hydrocephalus. The twin brother, although asymptomatic, was suspected of the anomaly and investigated because of the similarity of his ocular signs. The diagnosis was confirmed by computerized tomography in both the patient and his brother. The latter proved to have a smaller colloid cyst situated anteriorly in the third ventricle with no obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient was successfully operated on, while the brother is still under observation. Both brothers have had bilateral cataracts, retinal detachments, and left lateral rectus palsies. The familial occurrence of colloid cysts and their association with these ocular findings have apparently not been described before.

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistula simulating tears

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran K. Joshi ◽  
H. Alan Crockard
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula ◽  
Medial Aspect ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fluid Fistula ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A young child developed delayed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and CSF leak from the eye presenting as tears. The “tears” were CSF which had tracked from the cribriform plate through the ethmoidal air sinuses to the medial aspect of the left orbit. There was marked chemosis and it was considered likely that the tears had leaked through damaged conjunctiva.

Intracerebral polyposis

1993 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kantha Reddy ◽  
G. Prakash Rao ◽  
Andole Prakasham ◽  
Aila Purnanand ◽  
Chinthalaphani Sulochana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Cystic Lesion ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ◽  
Bony Lesion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 25-year-old man presented with nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and meningitis. On investigation, he was found to have a multiloculated intracerebral cystic lesion of the right frontal lobe with a bony lesion inside the cyst, just above the right cribriform plate. Surgery revealed multiple grape-like cystic pedunculated lesions with narrow stalks attached to a bony outgrowth which was adherent to the right cribriform plate. Macroscopically and microscopically, the excised lesions were similar to nasal polyps.

Empty sella secondary to suprasellar colloid cyst of foregut (respiratory) origin

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight C. Evans ◽  
Martin G. Netsky ◽  
Verne E. Allen ◽  
Vira Kasantikul
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Colloid Cyst ◽  
Empty Sella ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Colloid Cysts ◽  
Third Ventricular Cyst ◽  
Fine Print

✓ An enlarged sella turcica was discovered in a 40-year-old man who had bitemporal headaches. A pneumoencephalograph revealed a third ventricular cyst, dilated lateral ventricles, and an empty sella. The colloid cyst was lined by foregut epithelium, probably originating in the respiratory tract, and dense connective tissue. This case is the first instance of an empty sella associated with a colloid cyst of the third ventricle. It is proposed that enlargement of the mass in the third ventricle caused increased pulsation pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid, and that in the presence of an incompetent diaphragma sellae the subarachnoid space expanded into the sella. The origin of third ventricle cysts is reconsidered. It is concluded that suprasellar colloid cysts may arise from endoderm, ectoderm, neuroepithelium, or a combination of these epithelia.

The third circulation revisited

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Milhorat
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Internal Milieu ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The author reviews modern information concerning the formation, flow, and functions of the cerebrospinal fluid. Particular attention is given to the lymphatic-like features of the third circulation and to its importance as an internal milieu for nervous tissue.

Meningitis following acute traumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistula

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin E. MacGee ◽  
Joseph C. Cauthen ◽  
Charles E. Brackett
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Csf Fistula ◽  
Fluid Fistula ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The effect of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing meningitis are reviewed in 58 cases of acute traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula. A summary of the literature plus data from the present series show a total of 402 cases of acute traumatic CSF fistula; there were 46 cases (14%) of meningitis in 325 patients receiving expectant antibiotics, and four cases (5%) in 77 patients treated without antibiotics. No statistically significant conclusion can be drawn from these data regarding the usefulness of expectant antibiotics in acute traumatic CSF rhinorrhea or otorrhea.

Pseudo-cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cusimano ◽  
Laligam N. Sekhar
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Skull Base Tumor ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve ◽  
Cavernous Carotid Artery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Because of its potentially serious sequelae, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage following surgery for lesions of the cranial base is given immediate attention by neurosurgeons. Despite a multitude of approaches used to prevent its occurrence, CSF leakage complicates up to 30% of difficult skull-base tumor operations. The authors describe the cases of 11 patients who developed a syndrome, not previously described in the literature, termed “pseudo-CSF rhinorrhea.” This syndrome occurs after surgery of the cranial base, usually involving dissection or removal of the petrous or cavernous carotid artery, the greater superficial petrosal nerve, and the pericarotid sympathetic plexus. It is characterized by nasal stuffiness and nasal hypersecretion and is sometimes accompanied by facial flushing. The symptoms are characteristically exacerbated by exertion or by elevated ambient room temperatures. Lacrimation is typically absent ipsilateral to the pseudo-CSF rhinorrhea. It is believed that pseudo-CSF rhinorrhea developed in these patients because of a relative imbalance of the regulatory autonomic supply of the nasal mucosa.

Prophylactic administration of ceftriaxone for the prevention of meningitis after traumatic pneumocephalus: results of a clinical trial

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Eftekhar ◽  
Mohammad Ghodsi ◽  
Farideh Nejat ◽  
Ebrahim Ketabchi ◽  
Babak Esmaeeli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the prophylactic use of ceftriaxone for the prevention of meningitis in patients with acute traumatic pneumocephalus. Methods. In this prospective, single-institution, randomized clinical trial, 109 patients with mild head injury and traumatic pneumocephalus were randomly assigned to receive or not receive an antibiotic medication (ceftriaxone, 1 g given twice a day) until occurrence of meningitis or at least 5 days after trauma. The patients were followed up for 1 month posttrauma. The 109 patients were divided into two groups: 53 were assigned to the prophylactic antibiotics therapy group and 56 to the control group. The overall rate of meningitis was 20.1% and the rates of meningitis in the two groups were not significantly different. The results were the same when adjusted for the patient's Glasgow Coma Scale score, sex, and age, as well as for an intradural location of air, air volume, presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea or CSF otorrhea, radiological sign of a skull base fracture, or intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusions. The results of this study do not substantiate the efficacy of ceftriaxone used in the prevention of meningitis in patients with traumatic pneumocephalus after mild head injury or in any specific subgroup of these patients. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and intracranial hemorrhage may be considered primary risk factors for the development of meningitis in patients with posttraumatic pneumocephalus and, in the absence of these symptoms, intradural location of air and air volume greater than 10 ml may be considered secondary risk factors. Further studies in this area are warranted.

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea following acoustic neurinoma surgery

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Symon ◽  
Malcolm F. Pell
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Acoustic Neurinoma ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
Air Cells ◽  
Mastoid Air Cells ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors describe a method of preventing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea following surgery for acoustic neurinoma. Mastoid air cells exposed during craniectomy are skeletonized and packed with bone dust, then covered with Surgicel soaked with Tisseel fibrin glue. The use of this technique has reduced the number of acoustic neurinoma cases requiring secondary mastoidectomy for CSF leakage from 16% to 5%.

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