Diffuse leptomeningeal involvement by a ganglioglioma in a child

1992 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Wacker ◽  
Philip H. Cogen ◽  
Joan E. Etzell ◽  
Laleh Daneshvar ◽  
Richard L. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leptomeningeal Involvement ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Gangliogliomas are tumors composed of neuronal and glial elements that typically grow slowly by expansion only. This report describes a 20-month-old girl with a ganglioglioma that extensively involved the subarachnoid space; microscopic foci of tumor were found in the brain and spinal cord. Despite chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the child died 5 months after diagnosis. Molecular genetic analysis showed loss of chromosome 17p DNA sequences in the tumor tissue.

Neurocutaneous vascular hamartomas mimicking Cobb syndrome

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Wakabayashi ◽  
Mitsuo Isono ◽  
Tsuyoshi Shimomura ◽  
Atushi Tajima ◽  
Hiroto Terashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cavernous Angiomas ◽  
First Case ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report the rare case of a patient with neurocutaneous vascular hamartomas mimicking Cobb syndrome. An 8-year-old boy was admitted to the authors' hospital with progressive urinary disturbance and upper back pain. Multiple skin nevi had been noted at the child's birth. Radiological examination revealed multiple cavernous angiomas in the spinal cord in the same metamere in which the skin nevi had been observed and also in the left cerebral hemisphere. His symptoms gradually improved without surgical intervention. Four years later he was readmitted because of a cerebral hemorrhage involving the left cerebral peduncle. Nonsurgical treatment was chosen because his symptoms promptly improved. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of multiple cavernous angiomas in the brain and spinal cord associated with skin nevi. The authors discuss this clinical entity and the significance of the disease.

Primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chen ◽  
David R. Macdonald ◽  
David A. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Suprasellar Cistern ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors describe a case of a diffuse primary leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma in a 17-year-old girl who presented with raised intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus. She underwent imaging studies and a left frontotemporal craniotomy that revealed a cystic oligodendroglioma in the suprasellar cistern and spread of neoplastic cells to the spinal leptomeninges. The tumor showed little response to maximum radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the patient died from complications of high-dose chemotherapy 2 years after diagnosis. Postmortem examination of the brain and spinal cord revealed diffuse meningeal infiltration by neoplastic cells and no evidence of an intraparenchymal origin. Glial heterotopias were noted at several sites along the brain base, adding circumstantial support to the theory that leptomeningeal gliomas are derived from ectopic glial tissue in the subarachnoid space.

Cervical spinal cord in experimental hydrocephalus

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Dohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Experimental Hydrocephalus ◽  
Physiological Pressure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shunting Procedure ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Adult dogs were rendered hydrocephalic by the injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna. One group of dogs was sacrificed 1 month after kaolin administration, and ventriculojugular shunts were performed on the other group. Hydrocephalic dogs with shunts were sacrificed 1 day or 1 week after the shunting procedure. All dogs were perfused with formalin at physiological pressure, and the brain stem and cervical spinal cord were examined by light microscopy. Subarachnoid granulomata encompassed the superior cervical spinal cord and dependent surface of the brain stem. Rarefaction of the posterior white columns and clefts or cavities involving the gray matter posterior to the central canal and/or posterior white columns were present in the spinal cords of both hydrocephalic and shunted hydrocephalic dogs. Predominantly in the dogs with shunts, hemorrhages were noted in the spinal cord in association with the clefts or cavities. A mechanism of ischemia followed by reflow of blood is postulated to explain the hemorrhages in the spinal cords of hydrocephalic dogs with shunts.

Focal hyperperfusion in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes

2001 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Amagasaki ◽  
Tsuneo Shimizu ◽  
Yoko Suzuki ◽  
Toshiyuki Kakizawa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Myopathy ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Nucleotide Pair ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Typical Point ◽  
Fine Print

✓ 28-year-old woman presented with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS). The diagnosis was based on the results of molecular genetic analysis, which indicated a typical point mutation at the nucleotide pair 3243. Xenon computerized tomography scans obtained during the strokelike episodes revealed the lesion responsible for the symptoms to be an area of focal hyperperfusion, and scans obtained after the episodes revealed an area of hypoperfusion. Pathogenesis of the strokelike episodes appears to be metabolic dysfunction, although the involvement of a vascular event cannot be excluded.

Tumors of the nervous system induced by ethylnitrosourea administered either intracerebrally or subcutaneously to newborn rats

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Grossi-Paoletti ◽  
Pietro Paoletti ◽  
Stefano Pezzotta ◽  
Davide Schiffer ◽  
Armando Fabiani
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Administration Route ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Fetal Rats ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

✓ Tumors of the nervous system grew in rats treated at birth with ethylnitrosourea through intracerebral or subcutaneous routes and in fetal rats treated through the mother. In 80% to 85% of the rats, single and multiple tumors developed in the brain and spinal cord regardless of the route of administration. Gasserian neurinomas, oligodendrogliomas, and oligogendroglial foci were the most frequent neoplasms. General morphological aspects and frequency of tumor localizations in relation to drug administration route are discussed. Thymidine incorporation into DNA, and RNA/DNA ratio, were evaluated in order to estimate tumor proliferation rate and growth. Desmosterol, a characteristic sterol of brain tumors, was detected in all the tumors. Regions of the brain and spinal cord of treated rats showed the presence of microscopic pretumoral areas (oligodendroglial foci) which incorporated thymidine into DNA in contrast to the brains of control rats.

scholarly journals Histopathological and Molecular Evaluation of the Experimen-tally Infected Goats by the Larval Forms of Taenia multiceps

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omidreza AMRABADI ◽  
Ahmad ORYAN ◽  
Mohammad MOAZENI ◽  
Hassan SHARIFIYAZDI ◽  
Maryam AKBARI
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Taenia Multiceps ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Coenurus Cerebralis ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Molecular Evaluation

Background: Introduction of Taenia multiceps and T. gaigeri as two separate species have been recognized mainly on morphological grounds. This experimental study was conducted to test whether cerebral and non-cerebral forms of Coenurus cerebralis belong to one origin or they are originated from two different tape worms. Methods:  Two groups of dogs were infected with the cerebral and muscular sources of the coenuri cysts. About two months later the eggs were collected from the fecal samples to be used to experimentally infect other healthy goats. Histopathological and molecular evaluation was conducted in two groups of goats that were challenged with T. multiceps eggs obtained from the infected dogs by brain and muscular sources of coenuri cysts in School of Veterinary Medicine of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2015. All aberrant sites of predilection of the metacestode in goats were muscles, heart, diaphragm and lungs. The brain and spinal cord were carefully dissected and examined but the cysts were not found in these locations. In addition, the molecular genetic markers of mitochondrial DNA (CO1 and ND1) were applied to resolve the questionable relationship between T. multiceps and T. gaigeri. Results: The larval stages of T. multiceps in brain and in other aberrant sites, which showed similar morphological criteria, were monophyletic species. Conclusion: Therefore, T. gaigeri must be considered taxonomically invalid.

Immunocytochemical evidence of lymphocytic derivation of neoplastic cells in malignant angioendotheliomatosis

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Craig Clark ◽  
F. Curtis Dohan ◽  
Timothy Moss ◽  
John B. Schweitzer
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Ulex Europaeus ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis is a rare disorder usually characterized by primarily cutaneous or neurological symptoms. Approximately 40 cases of malignant angioendotheliomatosis with primary central nervous system (CNS) symptoms have been reported. Some investigators have postulated a hematopoietic origin for this neoplasm. Most of the literature, however, has perpetuated the idea that the often bizarre symptoms seen with this entity result from neoplastic endothelial cell proliferation within the small vessels of affected organs, including the brain and spinal cord. This report describes the immunohistochemical examination and confirmation of the cell of origin of this neoplasm based on five previously unpublished cases of malignant angioendotheliomatosis with primarily CNS symptoms. It includes the first documentation of a T-cell lymphoma presenting as malignant angioendotheliomatosis. All cases include autopsy findings, and in four cases the diagnosis was made postmortem. One case was proven by stereotactic biopsy, but the patient succumbed as a result of severe intracranial bleeding that occurred at the time of biopsy. Tissues were studied with avidin-biotin peroxidase immunohistochemical techniques using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against the leukocyte common antigen, LN-1, LN-2, and anti-Factor VIII, and also using Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1. Based on the results obtained, the authors conclude that the proliferative cells seen within the vessel lumina are of lymphocytic origin and agree that the condition should more properly be designated intravascular lymphomatosis. The therapeutic implications of this conclusion point to the possible administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in an effort to achieve remissions in an otherwise relentlessly progressive neurological disorder.

Capillary hemangioma of the central nervous system

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Abe ◽  
Kazuo Tabuchi ◽  
Shin Tanaka ◽  
Akira Hodozuka ◽  
Katsuzo Kunishio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Capillary Hemangioma ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perifocal Edema ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Capillary hemangiomas are benign tumors or tumorlike lesions that originate from blood vessels and have rarely been reported to develop in the brain or spinal cord. The authors summarize the clinical and histological features of capillary hemangiomas of the central nervous system (CNS). Methods. The clinical features, imaging characteristics, and outcomes in 10 patients with CNS capillary hemangiomas were reviewed. Histological studies included immunostaining with CD31, α-smooth muscle actin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Ki-67 antigen. Three patients with lesions in the brain presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure or seizures. Seven patients with lesions in the spinal cord presented with progressive sensorimotor disturbances of the lower limbs. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated well-defined, enhancing lesions associated with marked perifocal edema. Angiography demonstrated hypervascular lesions, which have not recurred after resection. In two cases, multiple satellite lesions resolved after the systemic administration of steroid drugs or interferon-α. Histologically, all lesions were consistent with findings of capillary hemangioma of the skin or soft tissues. The CNS lesions differed significantly from other vascular neoplasms, such as hemangioendotheliomas, hemangiopericytomas, and hemangioblastomas. Conclusions. Capillary hemangiomas of the CNS are benign lesions that can be surgically removed and cured without adjuvant therapy.

The plated bayonet: a new instrument to facilitate surgery for intra-axial neoplasms of the spinal cord and brain stem

1993 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred J. Epstein ◽  
Memet Ozek
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Neoplastic Tissue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A new instrument for use in surgically treating intra-axial neoplasms of the spinal cord and brain stem is described. The plated bayonet allows neoplastic tissue in the spinal cord to be separated from functioning neural elements without perforating the adjacent spinal cord. In addition, the plated bayonet facilitates exposure through the very small incision necessary to remove tumors of the brain stem without damaging cranial nerves or other vital structures.

Neurocutaneous melanosis with extensive intracerebral and spinal cord involvement

1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Faillace ◽  
Shige-Hisa Okawara ◽  
Joseph V. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Peritoneal Metastasis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neurocutaneous Melanosis ◽  
Spinal Cord Involvement ◽  
Leptomeningeal Involvement ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Two unusual cases of neurocutaneous melanosis are presented. Both patients had congenital giant hairy nevi and both developed hydrocephalus, seizures, and myelopathy. The first patient displayed multicentric cerebral and spinal cord melanosis, as opposed to the more commonly described basilar leptomeningeal involvement. The second patient had total spinal leptomeningeal involvement, and ventriculoperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus produced peritoneal metastasis of melanoma. An individual born with a congenital giant hairy nevus or marked generalized cutaneous pigmentation should be closely observed for the development of malignant melanoma of the nervous system.

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