The Massachusetts General Hospital

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred G. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Early History ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurological Surgery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The early history of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) is reviewed with emphasis on the development of neurological surgery. The hospital opened in 1823. Early trephinations were performed by Dr. John Collins Warren and others for treatment of trauma and epilepsy. In the 1880's, interest in brain surgery increased, and Dr. John Elliot performed several trephinations for brain tumors, three of which were witnessed by Dr. Harvey Cushing during his years at the MGH as medical student and intern. In 1911, all brain surgery was placed in the hands of Dr. S. J. Mixter. He later shared the assignment with his son, Dr. W. J. Mixter, who described herniation of the intervertebral disc with Dr. J. S. Barr and became the first Chief of the Neurosurgical Service at MGH in 1939.

The crucial decade: modern neurosurgery's definitive development in Harvey Cushing's early research and practice, 1900 to 1910

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Greenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Success ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Ability ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Neurological Surgery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ When Harvey Cushing announced his full-time commitment to neurological surgery in 1904, it was a discouraging and discouraged enterprise. Other surgeons' mortality rates for patients with brain tumors were 30 to 50%. By 1910 Cushing had operated on 180 tumors; he had a thriving practice, with a patient mortality rate of less than 13%. The three essential ingredients of his success were: 1) a new surgical conceptualization of intracranial pressure (ICP); 2) technical innovations for controlling ICP; and 3) establishment of a large referral base. In the years 1901 through 1905, the implications of his research on the “Cushing reflex” were quickly translated into surgical techniques for controlling ICP. In the period between 1906 and 1910, Cushing built up his referral practice by publishing widely, and especially by lecturing to medical audiences throughout the United States and Canada. His scientific work on ICP was essential to his clinical success, but without his professional and social ability to build a thriving practice, there would have been insufficient material for him to use to improve his approaches.

Early history of neurosurgery in Manitoba: threads in the tapestry of world neurosurgery

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
Early History ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of Neurosurgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The author describes the history of neurosurgery in Manitoba, with particular emphasis on events that occurred after his arrival there in 1950. Highlights of global neurosurgery are spliced into the author's reminiscences to anchor the local history with that of neurosurgery as a whole.

Clinicopathological study of 53 tumors of the pineal region

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto DeGirolami ◽  
Henry Schmidek
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinicopathological Study ◽  
Ventricular Tumors ◽  
Clinical And Pathological Features ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Fifty-three cases of pineal and posterior-third ventricular tumors seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1920 to 1972 are reviewed. This series includes 35 pathologically verified tumors and 18 cases accepted as pineal neoplasms on clinical and radiographic grounds. A plan of management is proposed based on a correlation between the clinical and pathological features and the response of each type of tumor to the currently available modes of therapy.

The Mayo brothers and Harvey Cushing: a review of their 39-year friendship through their personal letters

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol ◽  
J. Michael Homan ◽  
Edward R. Laws ◽  
John L. D. Atkinson ◽  
Ross H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Professional Association ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Neurological Surgery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Mayo Clinic founders, William J. Mayo and Charles H. Mayo, and Harvey W. Cushing were among the most significant pioneers of modern American surgery. A review of their personal correspondence reveals a special relationship among these three individuals, particularly between William Mayo and Cushing. Their interactions within the Society of Clinical Surgery initiated their close personal and professional association, which would endure for 39 years. William Mayo strongly supported Cushing's efforts to develop the specialty of neurological surgery, and Cushing sought Mayo's advice in making important career-related decisions. Their supportive friendship and professional alliance remains an example for future generations of neurological surgeons.

Stereotaxic apparatus and operations in Russia in the 19th century

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward I. Kandel ◽  
Yuri V. Schavinsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Early History ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stereotaxic Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors trace the early history of human stereotaxic apparatus and its use with particular reference to the work of D. N. Zernov in 1889, N. V. Altuchov in 1891, and G. I. Rossolimo in 1907, as well as the better known apparatus described by Horsley and Clarke in 1906.

William Macewen and the treatment of brain abscesses: revisited after one hundred years

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee J. Canale
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The year 1993 marked the centennial of the publication of Sir William Macewen's monograph, Pyogenic Infective Diseases of the Brain and Spinal Cord, and its accompanying volume, Atlas of Head Sections. As Harvey Cushing noted, the text on pyogenic diseases of the brain was a landmark in surgery of the nervous system. At the time of its publication, Macewen's work was the most comprehensive study of pyogenic brain diseases. In this paper the author reviews the state of knowledge of brain abscess existing in the 19th and 20th centuries, with particular emphasis on the late 19th century, and elucidates factors contributing to Macewen's remarkable success. His thorough knowledge of the natural history of pyogenic diseases of the temporal bone and nasal sinuses, in addition to his clear description of cranial anatomy, as illustrated in his Atlas of Head Sections, were especially important in developing his successful treatment of brain abscess. The x-ray had not yet been discovered; Macewen's diagnosis was based on clinical findings superbly illustrated by his three clinical stages of brain abscess development. His clinical observations are as relevant today as when he described them 100 years ago. Macewen recorded 25 cases of brain abscess. Nineteen of these patients came to his attention in time to undergo surgery, resulting in 18 recoveries. All five of his patients with extradural abscess recovered. These results were achieved in the era known as “the most glorious period in British surgery.” Neurosurgery was in its infancy; nevertheless, even as the 20th century closes, Macewen's results still have not been surpassed.

Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland: a neurosurgical chronicle

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-755
Author(s):  
Mary Louise Hlavin ◽  
Robert A. Ratcheson
Keyword(s):  
University Hospitals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Neurological Surgery ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Western Reserve

✓ There is a strong tradition of neurosurgery in Cleveland. This article traces the origin of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland and examines the evolution of neurological surgery at these institutions. It looks at the strong Cushing influence on the process, by both Harvey Cushing and his family. The contributions of such luminaries as George Crile, Elliott Cutler, Claude Beck, and Frank Nulsen are described.

The AANS: The national and international organization for neurological surgery

1992 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
American Association ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
International Role ◽  
Neurological Surgery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The President of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) validates the AANS as the national neurosurgical organization. He describes improved management of major committees of neurological surgery by the Joint Officers of the AANS and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. A strong argument and proclamation are presented to expand the international role of the former Harvey Cushing Society.

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