Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Characterization and Current Application in Orthopaedic Tissue Repair

By permeabilizing the cell membrane with ultrasound and facilitating the uptake of iron oxide nanoparticles, the magneto-sonoporation (MSP) technique can be used to instantaneously label transplantable cells (like stem cells) to be visualized via magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. However, the effects of MSP on cells are still largely unexplored. Here, we applied MSP to the widely applicable adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for the first time and investigated its effects on the biology of those cells. Upon optimization, MSP allowed us to achieve a consistent nanoparticle uptake (in the range of 10 pg/cell) and a complete membrane resealing in few minutes. Surprisingly, this treatment altered the metabolic activity of cells and induced their differentiation towards an osteoblastic profile, as demonstrated by an increased expression of osteogenic genes and morphological changes. Histological evidence of osteogenic tissue development was collected also in 3D hydrogel constructs. These results point to a novel role of MSP in remote biophysical stimulation of cells with focus application in bone tissue repair.

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Plasticity of human adipose-derived stem cells – relevance to tissue repair

The International Journal of Developmental Biology ◽

10.1387/ijdb.180074pf ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (6-7-8) ◽

pp. 431-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leonardo Guasti ◽

Sophie E. New ◽

Irene Hadjidemetriou ◽

Miriam Palmiero ◽

Patrizia Ferretti

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells

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Autophagy Regulates the Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cells Exosomes on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pulmonary Microvascular Barrier Damage

10.21203/rs.3.rs-426888/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chichi Li ◽

Liqun Li ◽

Min Wang ◽

Wangjia Wang ◽

Yuping Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Acute Lung Injury ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Stem Cell Differentiation ◽

Target Cells ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Pretreatment Effects ◽

Autophagy Inhibition

Abstract Background: Exosomes have been recognized as being more effective than direct stem cell differentiation into functional target cells for protecting against tissue injury and promoting tissue repair. Our previous study demonstrated the protective effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and the effect of autophagy on ADSC functions, but the role of ADSC-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) and autophagy-mediated regulation of ADSC-Exos in LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage remain unclear. Methods: LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier injury was detected after ADSC-Exos pretreatment. Effects of autophagy on the function and bioactive miRNAs components of ADSC-Exos were assessed after inhibiting the cells autophagy in advance. Results: ADSC-Exo culture resulted in significant alleviation of LPS-induced microvascular barrier injury. The inhibition of autophagy markedly weakened the therapeutic effect of ADSC-Exos. In addition, autophagy inhibition changed the expression levels of the five specific miRNAs in exosomes; interleukin-1β（IL-1β）preconditioning promoted the expression of miR(miRNA)-21a but lowered the expressions of let-7-a-1, miR-143 and miR-145a, and did not affect the expression of miR-451a. Autophagy inhibition, however, has prohibited the expressions of all these miRNAs under IL-1β preconditioning. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ADSC-Exos protect against LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage. Autophagy is a positive mediator of exosome function at least partly through controlling the expression of bioactive miRNAs in exosomes.

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