Influence of environmental factors on the morphometric parameters of the small intestine of rats in postnatal ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Postnatal Ontogenesis

Экологическая и сортовая изменчивость морфометрических параметров семян моркови

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Bukharov ◽  
D.N. Baleev ◽  
E.V. Kashnova ◽  
G.V. Kasaeva ◽  
M.I. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
The West ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Embryo Length

Цель исследований: изучение влияния сортового и экологического факторов на изменчивость морфометрических (длина семени, эндосперма и зародыша) параметров семян моркови в системе двухфакторного опыта. Объекты для изучения – оригинальные семена сортов Шантенэ 2461 и Боярыня. Опыты были заложены в 2015–2017 годах на Западно-Сибирской овощной опытной станции ФГБНУ ВНИИО в южной части Первомайского района Алтайского края. Преобладающие почвы – черноземы выщелоченные и обыкновенные. Повторность опыта трехкратная, в каждой повторности не менее 20 семян. Измерение длины семени и эндосперма проводили штангенциркулем (ГОСТ 166-89), длину зародыша определяли с использованием микроскопа Микромед и видеоокуляра DCM 300 MD. Семена замачивали в 14%-ном водном растворе гипохлорита натрия в течение 1 ч, после чего измеряли длину семени, эндосперма и зародыша и рассчитывали соотношение длины зародыша (E) к длине эндосперма (S). Семена двух сортов моркови, за годы исследования существенно различались по длине семян (Р < 0,001). Длина эндосперма сорта Боярыня в среднем за годы исследований была меньше (Р < 0,001) по сравнению с Шантенэ 2461. Длина зародыша также существенно отличалась (Р < 0,001) в зависимости от сорта. Экологический фактор значительно влиял на длину семени (Р=0,005) и эндосперма (Р=0,003). На длину зародыша основное влияние оказывал фактор сорта (Р < 0,001). На отношение длины зародыша к длине эндосперма также в значительной степени влиял фактор сорта (Р = 0,006). Исследования показали, что изменчивость морфометрических параметров семян обусловлена как влиянием сорта, так и влиянием условий года репродукции. Длина зародыша по сравнению с другими элементами семени варьирует сильнее и в большей степени зависит от влияния наследственного фактора. Это позволяет сделать вывод о возможности селекционного изменения линейных, а также относительных размеров морфологических элементов семени.The article is devoted to the study of the effect of varietal and environmental factors on the variability of morphometric (seed length, endosperm and germ) parameters of carrot seeds. The objects for the study were the original seeds of different varieties grown in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Seeds obtained from two varieties of carrots over the years of research differed significantly in the length of the seeds (P <0.001). The length of the endosperm varieties Boyarynya on average over the years of research was less (P <0.001) compared with Shantane 2461. The experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 at the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station in the southern part of the Pervomaisky district of the Altai region. The prevailing soils are leached and ordinary chernozems. Experiment replication is 3, each repeatability consists at least 20 seeds. The measurement of the length of the seed and the endosperm was carried out with Vernier caliper (GOST 166-89), the length of the embryo was determined using microscope Mikromed and video-ocular DCM 300 MD. Seeds were soaked in 14% aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 h, and then measured the length of the seed, the endosperm and the embryo, and calculated the ratio of the length of the embryo (E) to the length of the endosperm (S). Embryo length was also significantly different (P <0.001) depending on the variety. The environmental factor had a significant impact on the length of the seed (P = 0.005) and endosperm (P = 0.003). The length of the embryo was mainly affected by the factor of the variety (P <0.001). The ratio of the embryo length to the endosperm length was largely influenced by the factor of the variety (P = 0.006). Our studies have shown that the variability of the morphometric parameters of seeds is due to both the influence of the variety and the conditions of the year of reproduction. In comparison with other elements of the seed, the embryo length varies more and depends more on the influence of the hereditary factor. This allows us to conclude about the possibility of a selection change in linear as well as relative sizes of the morphological elements of the seed.

scholarly journals Dynamics of morphometric parameters of α-endocrinocytes of mammal pancreas

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 03023
Author(s):  
Olga Dilekova ◽  
Cristina Pavlova ◽  
Valentina Shpygova ◽  
Nikolai Agarkov ◽  
Vladislav Porublyov
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postnatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Age Related

In domestic animals in postnatal ontogenesis, statistically significant changes in the number of α-endocrinocytes and the values of their nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in the endocrine islets of pancreas have been revealed, which reflects the species and age-related dynamic processes of its morphofunctional development in animals. In cattle and small cattle (sheep), pigs, dogs and cats, two critical periods of postnatal development of the pancreas have been identified. The first critical period is observed from the birth to the age of three months. It is associated with an alimentary factor: the transition from a dairy diet to roughage, which leads to a decrease in the values of morphometric indicators of the pancreas and the restructuring of the functional work of the organ as a whole. The second critical period is registered in animals during puberty, that is, at 6 months of age, which is associated with the release of hormonal inducers aimed primarily at the implementation of physiological changes in the body.

Morphometric data on the intestines of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus and the short-beaked echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus.

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
RL Snipes ◽  
H Snipes ◽  
FN Carrick
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
Dietary Strategy ◽  
Tachyglossus Aculeatus

ALTHOUGH the gross morphology of the monotreme gastrointestinal tract has been described (Griffiths 1978; Hume and Harrop 1980), morphometric data on the intestines of the two extant monotremes, the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), are to date incomplete. Using an established method (Snipes and Kriete 1991, Snipes 1994, 1995, 1997) to measure the entire intestines of mammals, which does not rely on extrapolations from measured probes with the inherent danger of missing major surfaceenlargement structures such as folds and villi, major morphometric parameters were measured in both species. These included lengths of the small and large intestines, including the caecum, their respective basal or ground areas, and the factor of surface enlargement determined on histological specimens of each area. Multiplication of this factor with the basal area renders a total surface area for each intestinal segment. Additionally, volumes of each segment were calculated from lengths and basal areas. Table 1 gives measured values as well as percentages of totals for each segment. In order to compare these empirical data, coefficients were calculated according to a system proposed by Chivers and Hl�dlik (1980, 1984), i.e., coefficient of digestion (area of large intestine divided by the area of small intestine) and coefficient of volume (volume of large intestine divided by volume of small intestine). Obtained values can be set on a scale (Chivers and Hl�dik 1980) to categorise the dietary strategy of an animal (faunivore, intermediate feeder or nonruminant herbivore; see Table 1).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IMUNOPHAN ON MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF PEYER'S PATCHES IN SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS UNDER IMMUNOSUPPRESSION INDUCED BY CYCLOPHOSPHAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
E.N. Morozova ◽  
V.N. Morozov ◽  
A.V. Tverskaya
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Intact Rats

The aim of the study is to analyze morphometric parameters and histological structure of Peyer's patches in the small intestine of rats after imunofan administration under immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphan. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on 36 white male rats (210–250 gramms). The animals were divided into two groups. Rats of Group 1 were injected with cyclophosphamide on the 1st day of the experiment (200 mg/kg). On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days they received imunofan (0.7 μg/kg). Group 2 consisted of intact rats. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 7th, 30th, and 90th days after imunofan administration. The authors measured the length and width of Peyer's patches, and the distance from the ileocecal angle to the first patch. We also examined the height and width of lymph nodes and internodal zones on histological sections. Results. On the 7th and 30th days of our study the length and width of Peyer's patches increased by 18.71 %/16.94 % and 3.56 %/24.22 % respectively in mature animals, compared with the intact rats. At the same time, the distance from the ileocecal angle to the 1st Peyer’s patch decreased by 6.15 % and 19.80 %. The micrography showed that the height and width of the lymph nodes of Peyer's patches in experimental animals increased by 29.79 %/12.73 % (Day 7) and 10.49 %/12.46 % (Day 30) in comparison with the intact rats. The linear sizes of internodal zones increased by 39.35 %/10.33 % (Day 7) and 4.77 %/4.25 % (Day 30). By the 90th day, the macroscopic parameters of Peyer's patches, the height and width of their lymph nodules and internodal zones approxomated those of intact animals. Conclusion. When using imunofan under experimental immunosuppression, macro- and micromorphometric parameters of Peyer's patches of the small intestine of mature rats gradually approximated those in intact rats, which indicated the leveling of cyclophosphan immunosuppressive effect. Key words: rats, small intestine, Peyer's patches, imunofan, cyclophosphan. Цель исследования – изучение морфометрических параметров и гистологического строения пейеровых бляшек тонкой кишки крыс после введения имунофана на фоне иммуносупрессии, вызванной циклофосфаном. Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на 36 белых крысах-самцах массой 210–250 г. Животные были разделены на две группы. В I группе крысам в 1-е сут эксперимента вводился циклофосфан в дозе 200 мг/кг, на 2, 4, 6, 8, 10-е сут – имунофан в дозе 0,7 мкг/кг массы тела; II группу составили интактные крысы. Животные выводились из эксперимента на 7, 30, 90-е сут после завершения введения имунофана. Измерялись длина и ширина пейеровых бляшек, а также расстояние от илеоцекального угла до первой из них, а на гистологических срезах – высота и ширина их лимфатических узелков и межузелковых зон. Результаты. У половозрелых животных на 7-е и 30-е сут наблюдения длина и ширина пейеровых бляшек увеличивалась на 18,71 и 16,94 % и 3,56 и 24,22 % соответственно по сравнению с данными интактных крыс, а расстояние от илеоцекального угла до первой из них уменьшалось на 6,15 и 19,80 %. При микроскопическом исследовании высота и ширина лимфатических узелков пейеровых бляшек были больше по сравнению с данными интактных крыс на 29,79 и 12,73 % (7-е сут), 10,49 и 12,46 % (30-е сут), а линейные размеры межузелковых зон – на 39,35 и 10,33 % (7-е сут), 4,77 и 4,25 % (30-е сут). К 90-м сут макроскопические параметры пейеровых бляшек, а также высота и ширина их лимфатических узелков и межузелковых зон приближались к данным интактных животных. Выводы. При использовании имунофана на фоне экспериментальной иммуносупрессии значения исследуемых макро- и микроморфометрических параметров пейеровых бляшек тонкой кишки половозрелых крыс в ходе эксперимента постепенно приближались к аналогичным показателям интактных крыс, что свидетельствует о нивелировании иммуносупрессивного эффекта циклофосфана. Ключевые слова: крысы, тонкая кишка, пейеровы бляшки, имунофан, циклофосфан.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL INTESTINE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN INTACT AND CONTROL RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
K.V. Shepitko
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intact Rats

Chronic enteritis is manifested by the number of changes in the mucous membranes over three divisions of the small intestine. Morphologically this is presented by tissues atrophy and sclerosis, by changes in its architecture, and enterocyte adhesions. This results in the functional disorders including the lipid metabolism impairment, the suppression of the exocrinocyte functioning, and some others, but the size of exocrine glands along the length of the small intestine is still unchanged. The small intestine is an actively functioning organ. Its villi and folds expand the area of the mucous membrane in almost 500 times; while the area of the small intestine active surface, which can come into direct contact with various affecting factors, is 200-300 m2. Therefore, the small intestine is still requiring more detailed study. However, the reports on comparing data on the morphological features of the small intestinal wall in white rats of the Wistar line, which are the most commonly used in experiments, are far from being as multitudinous in the medical and experimental literature as it was expected. This study was aimed at identifying and comparing the peculiarities in the structure and morphofunctional parameters of small intestine in rats. The study of the morphofunctional status of structural components in the small intestine (duodenum, hollow, iliac) wall was performed on 60 sexually mature Wistar male rats weighing 140-190 g, which were kept under standard conditions of the vivarium, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy. All the manipulations with animals were carried out in accordance with the “Rules for the Use of Laboratory Animals” (2006, Annex 4) and the mandates of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The animals were divided into 4 groups: Group I included intact rats (n=15); Group (control) II included rats, which had their outer thigh incised (n=15); Group (control) III included animals treated intraperitoneally with 1 ml of saline solution (n=15); Group (control) IV included animals, which were given injections of 1 ml of saline solution intraperitoneally and had their outer thigh incised (n=15). The studying the structure of the small intestine wall in rats has demonstrated this of control animals does not differ from that in the group I intact rats. A deeper analysis has been performed by using morphometric methods to find out statistically significant differences between the parameters studied. The statistical analysis has shown that the morphometric parameters (overall wall thickness, mucosal layer thickness, submucous layer thickness, muscular layer thickness, and serous layer sickness) of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum,ilium) in the rats of control groups (II, III, IV respectively) during all study periods demonstrate no statistically significant difference. The difference reliability was insignificant at p> 0.05. Comparison of these indices with those in the intact group has pointed out that the difference reliability was also insignificant (p> 0.05). This fact will enable to carry out further comparing the studied morphometric parameters using the values presented by the intact rats only, without using data obtained in the control group of the rats.

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