scholarly journals Nuclear behavior from conidial germination to formation of the secondary appressoria of Botrytis cinerea.

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi AKUTSU ◽  
Keido KO ◽  
Tomomasa MISATO
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Nuclear Behavior

scholarly journals Silencing of DND1 in potato and tomato impedes conidial germination, attachment and hyphal growth of Botrytis cinerea

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaile Sun ◽  
Ageeth van Tuinen ◽  
Jan A. L. van Kan ◽  
Anne-Marie A. Wolters ◽  
Evert Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Conidial Germination

scholarly journals Saprophytic microorganisms with potential for biological control of Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton waxflower flowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Beasley ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
L. M. Coates ◽  
A. H. Wearing
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Saprophytic bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were isolated from Geraldton waxflower flowers and screened to identify potential antagonism towards Botrytis cinerea. Isolates from other sources (e.g. avocado) were also tested. Isolates were initially screened in vitro for inhibition of B. cinerea conidial germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The most antagonistic bacteria, yeasts and fungi were selected for further testing on detached waxflower flowers. Conidia of the pathogen were mixed with conidia or cells of the selected antagonists, co-inoculated onto waxflower flowers, and the flowers were sealed in glass jars and incubated at 20˚C. The number of days required for the pathogen to cause flower abscission was determined. The most antagonistic bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas sp. 677, significantly reduced conidial germination and retarded germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. None of the yeast or fungal isolates tested was found to significantly reduce conidial germination or retard germ tube elongation, but several significantly inhibited growth of B. cinerea. Fusarium sp., Epicoccum sp. and Trichoderma spp. were the most antagonistic of these isolates. Of the isolates tested on waxflower, Pseudomonas sp. 677 was highly antagonistic towards B. cinerea and delayed waxflower abscission by about 3 days. Trichoderma harzianum also significantly delayed flower abscission. However, as with most of the fungal antagonists used, inoculation of waxflower flowers with this isolate resulted in unsightly mycelial growth.

scholarly journals Observation of the conidial germination and hyphal penetration of Botrytis cinerea by the onion epidermal strip method.

1986 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-477
Author(s):  
Yasuo IWATA ◽  
Yasuo HOMMA ◽  
Yutaka ARIMOTO ◽  
Morito SHIMOYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Epidermal Strip ◽  
Strip Method

Metarhizium anisopliae REDUCES CONIDIAL GERMINATION AND MYCELIUM GROWTH OF THE APPLE GRAY MOLD Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
pp. 104660
Author(s):  
César Guigón-López ◽  
Paulina Dayanara Holguín-Ibarra ◽  
Jesús Humberto Torres-Zapien ◽  
Isabel García- Cruz ◽  
Isaela Villapando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Mycelium Growth

scholarly journals Effect of preventive and simultaneous inoculations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Fukumoto) strains on conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlem Hamdache ◽  
Mohammed Ezziyyani ◽  
Ahmed Lamarti
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Percent Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogen

Botrytis cinerea es un patógeno fúngico necrotrófico de varias plantas distribuido en todo el mundo. En el presente estudio se analizó el efecto de nueve aislados bacterianos sobre la germinación de conidios de B. cinerea. Los aislados se identificaron como Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Para evaluar la eficacia de los aislados, se realizaron confrontaciones duales tanto preventivas como simultáneas con los conidios de B. cinerea. Los resultados mostraron que cinco aislados fueron más eficaces cuando se co-inocularon simultáneamente con el patógeno. Cuatro aislados fueron más eficaces cuando se inocularon previamente cuatro horas antes el patógeno. La cepa denominada B24, mostró una inhibición de (84.04%) en concentraciones muy bajas (3x103 UFC/ml) y la cepa RA9 fue la cepa menos eficaz. Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen distributed worldwide. In the current study, the effect of nine bacterial isolates, on germination of B. cinerea conidia were studied. The nine isolates were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The efficacy of isolates was tested, at different concentrations, in preventive and simultaneous inoculations with B. cinerea conidia. Results showed that five Bacillus isolates were more effective when co-inoculated simultaneously with the pathogen. Four isolates showed more efficacies when inoculated previously four hours before the pathogen. The isolate denominated B24 was the only that showed an important percent inhibition (84.04 %) at the lower concentration tested (3x103 CFU/ml) and the isolate RA9 was the less effective strain.

The key gluconeogenic gene PCK1 is crucial for virulence of Botrytis cinerea via initiating its conidial germination and host penetration

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1794-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Kang Liu ◽  
Hao-Wu Chang ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Yu Haity Qin ◽  
Yu-Han Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Host Penetration

BcHnm1, a predicted choline transporter, modulates conidial germination and virulence in Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
pp. 103653
Author(s):  
Gulab Chand Arya ◽  
Dhruv Aditya Srivastava ◽  
Ekaterina Manasherova ◽  
Dov B. Prusky ◽  
Yigal Elad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Choline Transporter

scholarly journals The cAMP-Dependent Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Conidial Germination, Growth, and Virulence of the Gray Mold Botrytis cinerea

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1443-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schumacher ◽  
Leonie Kokkelink ◽  
Christina Huesmann ◽  
Daniel Jimenez-Teja ◽  
Isidro G. Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
Dependent Signal ◽  
Dependent Protein

In Botrytis cinerea, some components of the cAMP-dependent pathway, such as α subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and the adenylate cyclase BAC, have been characterized and their impact on growth, conidiation, germination, and virulence has been demonstrated. Here, we describe the functions of more components of the cAMP cascade: the catalytic subunits BcPKA1 and BcPKA2 and the regulatory subunit BcPKAR of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Although Δbcpka2 mutants showed no obvious phenotypes, growth and virulence were severely affected by deletion of both bcpka1 and bcpkaR. Similar to Δbac, lesion development of Δbcpka1 and ΔbcpkaR was slower than in controls and soft rot of leaves never occurred. In contrast to Δbac, Δbcpka1 and ΔbcpkaR mutants sporulated in planta, and growth rate, conidiation, and conidial germination were not impaired, indicating PKA-independent functions of cAMP. Unexpectedly, Δbcpka1 and ΔbcpkaR showed identical phenotypes, suggesting the total loss of PKA activity in both mutants. The deletion of bcras2 encoding the fungal-specific Ras GTPase resulted in significantly delayed germination and decreased growth rates. Both effects could be partially restored by exogenous cAMP, suggesting that BcRAS2 activates the adenylate cyclase in addition to the Gα subunits BCG1 and BCG3, thus influencing cAMP-dependent signal transduction.

scholarly journals Resistance to Pyraclostrobin and Boscalid in Populations of Botrytis cinerea from Stored Apples in Washington State

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Kim ◽  
C. L. Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major postharvest disease of apple. Pristine, a formulated mixture of pyraclostrobin and boscalid, was recently registered for use on apple. Pristine applied within 2 weeks before harvest is effective in controlling gray mold in stored apple fruit. To determine the baseline sensitivity of B. cinerea populations to these fungicides, 40 isolates from organic and 80 from conventional apple orchards where Pristine had not been used were tested for mycelial growth or conidial germination on fungicide-amended media. To monitor fungicide resistance, gray-mold-decayed apple fruit originating from orchards in which Pristine had been used were sampled from a fruit packinghouse. Isolates of B. cinerea recovered from the fruit were tested for resistance to the two fungicides. In the in vivo study in the orchards, Pristine was applied to fruit 1 day before harvest. Fruit were then harvested, wounded, and inoculated with isolates exhibiting different fungicide-resistance phenotypes. Fruit were stored at 0°C for 8 weeks for decay development. The effective concentration that inhibits mycelial growth by 50% relative to the control (EC50) values for sensitive isolates ranged from 0.008 to 0.132 μg/ml (mean = 0.043, n = 116) for pyraclostrobin and from 0.003 to 0.183 μg/ml (mean = 0.075, n = 117) for Pristine in a mycelial growth assay on potato dextrose agar. The EC50 values of boscalid for sensitive isolates ranged from 0.065 to 1.538 μg/ml (mean = 0.631, n = 29) in a conidial germination assay on water agar. Four isolates were resistant to pyraclostrobin, with resistance factors (RFs) ranging from 12 to 4,193. Of the four pyraclostrobin-resistant isolates, one also was resistant to boscalid (RF = 14) and Pristine (RF = 373), and two exhibited reduced sensitivity to Pristine (RF = 16 and 17). The minimum inhibitory concentration for conidial germination (for boscalid) or mycelial growth (for pyraclostrobin and Pristine) of sensitive isolates was 5 μg/ml, which is thus recommended as a discriminatory concentration for phenotyping isolates for resistance to these fungicides. Of the 56 isolates obtained from decayed apple fruit that had been exposed to Pristine, 11 (approximately 20%) were resistant to both pyraclostrobin and boscalid and 1 was resistant only to pyraclostrobin. Of the additional 43 isolates obtained from decayed apple fruit originating from an organic orchard, 3 were resistant only to pyraclostrobin, 2 were resistant only to boscalid, and 2 were resistant to both fungicides. It appeared that there was no cross resistance between pyraclostrobin and boscalid because of the existence of isolates resistant only to either pyraclostrobin or boscalid. Pristine applied at label rate in the orchard failed to control gray mold on apple fruit inoculated with the Pristine-resistant isolates. This is the first report of multiple resistance to pyraclostrobin, boscalid, and Pristine in field populations of B. cinerea. Our results suggest that the development of dual resistance to pyraclostrobin and boscalid in B. cinerea populations could result in the failure to control gray mold with Pristine.

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