Cost implications of the 2018 student violent protests at the University of Venda

Purpose of the study: The study was motivated by the high prevalence of hypertension and its associated costs of financing drugs to treating the disease. Hypertension has become a source of worry to the sufferers and caregivers given its direct and indirect cost implications. The study specifically estimated the direct average cost of treating hypertension and verified its catastrophic effect on the sufferers in Nigeria. Methodology: To achieve the objective, the study undertook the review of related literature on the burden of hypertension. It utilized the primary method of data collection by administering structured questionnaires to the target respondents in the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Data were descriptively analyzed using frequency and percentage with the aid of SPSS version 22. Main findings: The result revealed that the average annual cost attributable to hypertension treatment is N145, 086.12 per patient. The study documented that 191(82 percent) patients undertook personal health spending. Hypertension financing was discovered to be catastrophic among 30.5 percent of the least income patients. Therefore, it concluded that the average cost of treating hypertension was high among urban dwellers and catastrophic among the least earners. Research Implications: The findings will be relevant for the policy framework for government relating to healthcare financing and the establishment of intervention schemes that will alleviate the burdens associated with hypertension among the sufferers. Health planners and administrators will immensely benefit from the study as the study revealed the knowledge of treating hypertension for planning purposes and reference points for both researchers and academics. Novelty of the study: Knowledge relating to the direct cost of treating hypertension annually for intervention purposes is limited. Therefore, to touch lightly upon this, the study attempted an estimation of the average annual direct cost of treating hypertension and its associated burdens to the sufferers through a survey investigation. Findings, therefore, will advance the existing knowledge on the burden of hypertension and the policy of healthcare interventions.

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Cost Implications for a Discrete Mathematics Intelligent Tutoring System

10.29007/f4tt ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ofentse Rice ◽

George Anderson ◽

Tallman Nkgau

Keyword(s):

Intelligent Tutoring ◽

Intelligent Tutoring System ◽

Discrete Mathematics ◽

Tutoring System ◽

Undergraduate Level ◽

University Of Botswana ◽

Core Concepts ◽

Cost Implications ◽

The Cost ◽

The University

An Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is software that dynamically modifies the presentation of educational material to students based on Artificial Intelligence. ITSs enable tutoring to be done by computers; teaching is customized for the student using the system, enabling faster learning; and there is a potential to enable scaling up, teaching of millions of students, using online platforms or platform independent programs which is not possible in the case of human tutoring. In this paper we focus on the cost implications of an ITS designed for teaching Discrete Mathematics at the undergraduate level at the University Of Botswana. The ITS discussed, DS-ITS, makes use of probabilistic graphical networks to relate core concepts of Discrete Mathematics concepts with verifiable outcomes (demonstrable knowledge). A student's understanding of a concept is inferred; it can be viewed as the cause of failing to answer a question correctly. Our contribution is in estimating the cost required to build a prototype, which can be used for certain Discrete Mathematics topics as taught at the undergraduate level. We compare the cost implications with the alternative of not having such a tool and instead relying purely on lecturers and teaching assistants. Our findings show the benefit of developing such a tool.

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Welfare Policy of Professors and Academic Excellence for National Development in Nigerian Universities: Cost Implication Analysis

European Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

Terungwa Azende ◽

Luper Iorpev ◽

Ivungu John Ayoor

Keyword(s):

Survey Design ◽

Welfare Policy ◽

Academic Staff ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

National Development ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Academic Excellence ◽

Cost Implication ◽

Cost Implications ◽

The University

This paper is to explore the relationship between welfare of professors and academic excellence in Nigerian universities for national development with emphasis on cost implications. A survey design was adopted for this study. Pearson Correlation was used in analyzing the collected data to test whether or not there is any relationship between one set of variable and another. Findings reveal that lack of welfare for professors have a significant and negative influence on academic excellence and cost management in Nigerian universities. This paper recommends that universities should have a clear and standing policy on welfare of professors and other academic staff so as to enhance academic excellence and also save cost in running the university. Keywords: Welfare Policy, Nigerian Universities, Professors, Cost Implication

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Cost Implications for an In-House University Timetabling System

10.29007/6kql ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wame Raseonyana ◽

George Anderson ◽

Tallman Nkgau

Keyword(s):

Best Practice ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Examination Timetabling ◽

University Timetabling ◽

University Of Botswana ◽

System Solution ◽

Strategic Goals ◽

Cost Implications ◽

The Cost ◽

The University

This paper reports on a study on the examination timetabling problem faced in universities, focusing on the problem as it exists at the University of Botswana (UB). Examination timetabling is well researched and many different algorithms have been used in an attempt to produce timetable solutions that meet various objectives of institutions as well as theoretical objectives. Our research tries to produce an optimal examination timetable, which takes into consideration constraints imposed by users of timetables in UB as well as best-practice constraints found in the literature. Most African universities have financial constraints that make cost-effective solutions that take advantage of readily available research results and frameworks critical to their survival and strategic goals. In our paper, we analyse the cost implications of in-house development of an examination scheduling system solution that will produce improved schedules and reduce costs. We take into account the cost of software tools and frameworks we have employed as well as the cost of getting data and actual software engineering of a timetabling solution. Our results suggest that the benefits of this approach are great, since the cost is low while the quality of resulting timetables is good.

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Proceedings of The Modern Language Association of America

PMLA ◽

10.1017/s0030812900130470 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 1343-1343

Keyword(s):

Modern Language Association ◽

Modern Language ◽

Local Committee ◽

Tuesday Morning ◽

University Of Cincinnati ◽

The University ◽

Plaza Hotel

The fifty-second meeting of the Modern Language Associationof America was held, on the invitation of the University of Cincinnati, at Cincinnati, Ohio, Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, December 30 and 31, 1935, and January 1, 1936. The Association headquarters were in the Netherland Plaza Hotel, where all meetings were held except those of Tuesday morning and afternoon. These took place at the University of Cincinnati. Registration cards at headquarters were signed by about 900, though a considerably larger number of members were in attendance. The Local Committee estimated the attendance at not less than 1400. This Committee consisted of Professor Frank W. Chandler, Chairman; Professor Edwin H. Zeydel; Professor Phillip Ogden; Mr. John J. Rowe (for the Directors); and Mr. Joseph S. Graydon (for the Alumni).

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Spectrophotometric reductions with an IBM 1620

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053328 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 116-117

Author(s):

P.-I. Eriksson

Keyword(s):

Astronomical Data ◽

Spectrophotometric Data ◽

Electronic Computers ◽

The University ◽

Near Future

Nowadays more and more of the reductions of astronomical data are made with electronic computers. As we in Uppsala have an IBM 1620 at the University, we have taken it to our help with reductions of spectrophotometric data. Here I will briefly explain how we use it now and how we want to use it in the near future.

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Address By The Right Honourable The Earl of Balfour, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge

Transactions of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0251107x00012670 ◽

1925 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 146-149

Keyword(s):

University Of Cambridge ◽

The Right ◽

The University

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Novae in the Magellanic Clouds

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100073334 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

J.A. Graham

Keyword(s):

Large Magellanic Cloud ◽

Magellanic Cloud ◽

Magellanic Clouds ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

The Past ◽

Spectroscopic Information ◽

Objective Prism ◽

The University ◽

Small Cloud ◽

Low Dispersion

During the past several years, a systematic search for novae in the Magellanic Clouds has been carried out at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. The Curtis Schmidt telescope, on loan to CTIO from the University of Michigan is used to obtain plates every two weeks during the observing season. An objective prism is used on the telescope. This provides additional low-dispersion spectroscopic information when a nova is discovered. The plates cover an area of 5°x5°. One plate is sufficient to cover the Small Magellanic Cloud and four are taken of the Large Magellanic Cloud with an overlap so that the central bar is included on each plate. The methods used in the search have been described by Graham and Araya (1971). In the CTIO survey, 8 novae have been discovered in the Large Cloud but none in the Small Cloud. The survey was not carried out in 1974 or 1976. During 1974, one nova was discovered in the Small Cloud by MacConnell and Sanduleak (1974).

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Production of New and Revised A.A.V.S.O. Charts

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100073620 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 368

Author(s):

Clinton B. Ford

Keyword(s):

Variable Star ◽

Standard Form ◽

Original Data ◽

University Of Pennsylvania ◽

Standard Format ◽

Additional Information ◽

The Gift ◽

The University

A “new charts program” for the Americal Association of Variable Star Observers was instigated in 1966 via the gift to the Association of the complete variable star observing records, charts, photographs, etc. of the late Prof. Charles P. Olivier of the University of Pennsylvania (USA). Adequate material covering about 60 variables, not previously charted by the AAVSO, was included in this original data, and was suitably charted in reproducible standard format.Since 1966, much additional information has been assembled from other sources, three Catalogs have been issued which list the new or revised charts produced, and which specify how copies of same may be obtained. The latest such Catalog is dated June 1978, and lists 670 different charts covering a total of 611 variables none of which was charted in reproducible standard form previous to 1966.

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Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067522 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 106-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronald S. Weinstein ◽

N. Scott McNutt

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

General Hospital ◽

Massachusetts General Hospital ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Collaborative Effort ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

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