Temporal Variations in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemics, by Virus Subtype, 4 Countries

ABSTRACTSeasonal variations inClostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), with a higher incidence occurring during winter months, have been reported. Although winter epidemics of respiratory viruses may be temporally associated with an increase in CDAD morbidity, we hypothesized that this association is mainly due to increased antibiotic use for respiratory infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the two most frequent respiratory viruses (influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]) and antibiotics prescribed for respiratory infections (fluoroquinolones and macrolides) on the CDAD incidence in hospitals in the province of Québec, Canada. A multivariable Box-Jenkins transfer function model was built to relate monthly CDAD incidence to the monthly percentage of positive tests for influenza virus and RSV and monthly fluoroquinolone and macrolide prescriptions over a 4-year period (January 2005 to December 2008). Analysis showed that temporal variations in CDAD incidence followed temporal variations for influenza virus (P= 0.043), RSV (P= 0.004), and macrolide prescription (P= 0.05) time series with an average delay of 1 month and fluoroquinolone prescription time series with an average delay of 2 months (P= 0.01). We conclude that influenza virus and RSV circulation is independently associated with CDAD incidence after controlling for fluoroquinolone and macrolide use. This association was observed at an aggregated level and may be indicative of other phenomena occurring during wintertime.

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Respiratory syncytial virus subtype ON1/NA1/BA9 predominates in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.24619 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 213-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ruyan Fan ◽

Chuping Fan ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Bo Wen ◽

Yefei Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Virus Subtype

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Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Across Five Influenza Seasons Among Adults and Children One Year of Age and Older—Washington State, 2011/2012–2015/2016

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa331 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 223 (1) ◽

pp. 147-156

Author(s):

Michael L Jackson ◽

Emily Scott ◽

Jane Kuypers ◽

Arun K Nalla ◽

Pavitra Roychoudury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Age Groups ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Kaiser Permanente ◽

Subtype B ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

The Impact ◽

Virus Subtype

Abstract Background Vaccines and novel prophylactics against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are in development. To provide a baseline for evaluating these interventions, we characterized the incidence and molecular epidemiology of RSV in persons aged ≥1 year. Methods We identified patients with medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI) from the 2011/2012 through 2015/2016 influenza seasons among members of Kaiser Permanente Washington. We estimated the cumulative incidence of MAARI for laboratory-confirmed RSV or influenza infection. Results Annual cohorts ranged from 82 266 to 162 633 individuals, 14% of whom were children aged 1 to 17 years. Cumulative incidence of RSV each season ranged from 14 per 1000 population (95% confidence interval [CI], 12–16) to 22 per 1000 (95% CI, 19–25). Incidence of RSV was greater than influenza in children aged 12–23 months and 2–4 years; incidence of influenza was greater in other age groups. Respiratory syncytial virus subtype A dominated in 2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2015/2016, with ON1 being the most common genotype. Respiratory syncytial virus subtype B dominated in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, primarily of the BA genotype. Conclusions The burden of RSV is comparable to that of influenza across the life course. These results provide a baseline for evaluating the impact of new RSV interventions on the epidemiology of RSV.

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