scholarly journals Too much or too little work? Couples’ actual and preferred employment patterns and work hours mismatches in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3-2018) ◽  
pp. 269-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Steiber ◽  
Barbara Haas
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
School Age ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Low Education

The most widely cited European data on work hours mismatches at the couple level date back to the 1990s. The general gist of analyses of these data was that ‘overworked’ dual-earner couples frequently preferred work hours reductions, especially those with childcare responsibilities. This study uses more recent data from the European Social Survey (2010-12) to update the available evidence on actual and preferred breadwinner models and on the occurrence and determinants of work hours mismatches among couples in Europe. The focus is on differences between demographic groups and countries in the degree to which cohabiting couples are either underemployed (working fewer hours than desired) or overemployed (working more hours than desired). Our analyses show that about one third of couples are underemployed, while only one in ten report being overemployed. We identify low education and the presence of children below school age as risk factors for underemployment, whereas highly educated women and fathers of teenagers tend to be overemployed. In a comparison of 16 European countries, we find couples in Greece, Ireland, Slovenia, and Spain to be most at risk of experiencing underemployment – in the countries that were most strongly affected by the recession. The effects of children on the experience of hours mismatches are found to vary across Europe – a particularly strong association of children below school age with parental underemployment is observed in Central and Eastern Europe, Finland, and Germany and a particularly weak one in Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, and Sweden.

scholarly journals Avoiding a “despair death crisis” in Europe: the drivers of human (un)sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Becchetti ◽  
Gianluigi Conzo
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Us ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Income Expectations

AbstractThe emergence of the despair death crisis in the US stimulates researchers and policymakers to look at subjective wellbeing data from a different perspective. We wonder what can be done to avoid a similar situation in Europe, and to this purpose we analyse factors correlated with depression in the European Social Survey by considering the latter as a proxy of despair deaths. We find the strongest correlations with poor income, high-income expectations, low education, low-skilled jobs, poor social relationships, failure and shocks in affective relational life. We perform robustness checks finding that our results are robust when using alternative measures of psychological health and when instrumenting married status. If causality links between all these drivers and the dependent variable are verified and confirmed, as for marital status, we can conclude that the despair death crisis depends from a mix of material and immaterial factors (with the latter being dominant) that cannot be fully solved by mere monetary redistribution.

scholarly journals Akademikerprekariatet

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-51
Author(s):  
Torsten Geelan ◽  
Magnus Skovrind Pedersen ◽  
Malthe Øland Ribe
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Class Theory ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
The Relationship

Traditionelt i klasseteori anses akademikere for en relativt privilegeret samfundsgruppe med små interne forskelle. Teorierne tager dog ikke i udpræget grad højde for udbredelsen af prekære arbejdsforhold. En række empiriske studier af det akademiske arbejdsmarked har peget på, at der er sket en udbredelse af atypisk arbejde herhjemme og i det øvrige Europa. Med inspiration fra Guy Standings nye klasseteori, forsøger denne artikel at vise, hvorvidt teorien om prekariatet er en anvendelig tilgang til at forstå forskelle mellem akademikere. Med data indsamlet fra European Social Survey (ESS) gennemføres en specifik multipel korrespondanceanalyse (SMCA), der afsøger fem af Guy Standings (2011) syv usikkerhedsformer for akademikere. Fra analysen kan vi kortlægge tre forskellige klynger af akademikere: En overvejende majoritet i et salariat og to minoritetsgrupper i henholdsvis en ’irregulære klynge’ og i et decidere ’akademisk prekariat’. Vi konkluderer, at differentieringer i arbejdsmæssig sikkerhed blandt akademikere er en valid måde at undersøge forskelle blandt gruppens medlemmer. Samtidig påpeger vi, at atypisk ansættelse generelt set kan anskues som prekære arbejdsforhold. De relativt store forskelle mellem forskellige fagfelter understøtter de forklaringsmodeller på hierarkier på arbejdsmarkedet, som man finder i mikroklasseteorien og de weberianske teorier om ’social closure’. Endelig diskuterer artiklen hvorvidt prekære bør anskues som et udpræget livsbaneforhold for yngre akademikere. ENGELSK ABSTRACT Torsten Geelan, Magnus Skovrind Pedersen and Malthe Øland Ribe: The Academic Precariat Theories of social class have traditionally described highly educated people as a privileged group in society. However in the past decade several studies of the academic labour market in Europe have shown that precarious forms of employment are becoming increasingly common. This article assesses the extent to which Guy Standing’s perspective on class and precariat is a fruitful way of understanding labour market differentiation among university graduates. It applies multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to data from the European Social Survey (ESS) to analyse five of Standing’s seven forms of labour market insecurity in relation to the Danish labour market. Four idealtype labour market positions are identified. These show substantial differences between university graduates from different academic fields. The article concludes by discussing the relationship between precarious employment and life-course trajectories. Keywords: Precarity, academics, labour market sociology, class theory, correspondence analysis.

scholarly journals Inclusion without Solidarity: Education, Economic Security, and Attitudes toward Redistribution

2020 ◽  
pp. 003232172093308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Gelepithis ◽  
Marco Giani
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
University Education ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Cultural Inclusion

Highly educated individuals tend to be less supportive of redistribution by most accounts because they have more to lose and less to gain from it. In this article, we use European Social Survey data to develop the argument that university education reduces support for redistribution in large part independently of the improved material circumstances with which it is associated. While university encourages a range of progressive ideas related to cultural inclusivity, it simultaneously encourages conservative redistribution preferences that are reinforced—but only partly explained—by the economic security it tends to provide. In short, European universities foster norms of cultural inclusion, while simultaneously eroding norms of economic solidarity.

Recovery Self Assessment – Übersetzung und kulturelle Anpassung eines recovery-orientierten Einschätzungsinstrumentes

Pflege ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Zuaboni ◽  
Luciana Degano Kieser ◽  
Bernd Kozel ◽  
Katharina Glavanovits ◽  
Jörg Utschakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Social Survey ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Social Survey

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Der Recovery-Ansatz gewinnt in der psychiatrischen Forschung und Praxis zunehmend an Bedeutung. Im englischen Sprachraum ist die praktische Etablierung und wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung fortgeschritten. Um die Implementierung des Ansatzes zu unterstützen, sind Einschätzungsinstrumente notwendig. Ein verbreitetes und anerkanntes Instrument ist die Recovery Self Assessment Scale (RSA). Diese besteht aus vier Versionen eines Fragebogens, welche die Perspektiven von Nutzenden, Fachpersonen, Angehörigen und dem Management erfassen. Ziel/Methode: In diesem Artikel werden die Entwicklung des Instrumentes und der Übersetzungsprozess dargestellt. Zwei voneinander unabhängige Arbeitsgruppen verwendeten unterschiedliche Übersetzungsverfahren: Die Arbeitsgruppe aus der Schweiz (AGS) orientierte sich an den ISOR-Prinzipien, die Arbeitsgruppe aus Norddeutschland (AGN) an den Richtlinien des European Social Survey Programme zur Übersetzung von Fragebögen – TRAPD. Die Methoden unterscheiden sich darin, dass die TRAPD Fokusgruppen vorsieht. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeitsgruppen wurden mittels eines Konsensusverfahrens zur RSA-D zusammengeführt. Ergebnisse: Bei der Übersetzung und kulturellen Anpassung der RSA-D wurde die Nähe zum theoretischen Bezugsrahmen der RSA gewahrt und die Übertragbarkeit in den deutschsprachigen Kontext berücksichtigt. Schlussfolgerung: Bevor die RSA-D in der Praxis und Forschung eingesetzt werden kann, sollte in weiterführenden Studien die psychometrische Testung erfolgen.

Power Values and Power Distance Moderate the Relationship Between Workplace Supervisory Power and Job Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Workplace Power ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Person–job (or needs–supplies) discrepancy/fit theories posit that job satisfaction depends on work supplying what employees want and thus expect associations between having supervisory power and job satisfaction to be more positive in individuals who value power and in societies that endorse power values and power distance (e.g., respecting/obeying superiors). Using multilevel modeling on 30,683 European Social Survey respondents from 31 countries revealed that overseeing supervisees was positively associated with job satisfaction, and as hypothesized, this association was stronger among individuals with stronger power values and in nations with greater levels of power values or power distance. The results suggest that workplace power can have a meaningful impact on job satisfaction, especially over time in individuals or societies that esteem power.

Basic Human Values of Russians and Other Europeans (The Results of 2008 Surveys)

2010 ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Magun ◽  
M. Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Fourth Round

The authors rely mainly on the data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey held in 2008 in their comparison between the Russian basic values and the values of the 31 other European countries as measured by Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire. The authors start from comparing country averages. Then they compare Russia with the other countries taking into account internal country value diversity. And finally they refine cross-country value comparisons taking the advantage of the multiple regression analysis. As revealed from the study there are important value barriers to the Russian economy and society progress and well targeted cultural policy is needed to promote necessary value changes.

Associations Between Higher-Order Values Vary with Age, Education, and Income

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Value Structures ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Representative Samples

A theory of basic human values relies on the similarity of value structures across countries. It has been well established that the quasi-circumplex value structure as a whole is indeed universal. However, less attention has been paid to the associations between specific values. This study investigated associations between four higher-order values across age, education, and income groups. We analyzed the data from national representative samples collected in 29 countries as part of the fourth round of the European Social Survey with a series of multilevel regressions. Younger age, higher levels of education and income coincided with higher independence of the four adjacent higher-order values, whereas among older, less educated, and less wealthy groups, values tended to merge into a single dimension of Social versus Person Focus. These differences were slightly weaker in more economically developed countries. The group differences in value associations may follow from corresponding differences in the degree of societal and individual empowerment, cognitive abilities, and socialization experiences. Accounting for the individual differences in relations between values may bring deeper understanding and higher predictive power to the studies of links between values and various behaviors or attitudes. , value structure, value interactions, European Social Survey

Social Capital and the Development of Political Support in Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Hooghe ◽  
Anna Kern
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The One ◽  
Democratic Norms

This chapter evaluates the claim that the decline of legitimacy is due to a decline of social capital. The idea that voluntary associations play an important role in establishing social cohesion and political support is a traditional insight in the field of political sociology. The basic assumption is that voluntary associations function as a training ground for democracy, where citizens involved acquire democratic norms and skills that they subsequently apply in their relation with the political system. If this argument is correct, political support should be at least partly influenced by citizens’ participation in civil society organizations. Using European Social Survey data from 2006 and 2012 the authors demonstrate that there is a clear and significant correlation between social involvement on the one hand and satisfaction with the working of democracy and political trust on the other, which largely survives the introduction of a range of control variables.

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